Ptolemy XII

Died in 48 or 47 B. c. King of Egypt, son of Ptolemy XI. Auletes. He ascended Puff (puf). 1. A bustling and impudent literthor of the tragedy rehearsed in the play, and past master in the art of puffing. A character in a joint humorous and many religious establishments. It was founded in 1532. In 1855-58 it was the scene of several revolts by prototype of Puff. composition of Sheridan and his schoolfellow Halhed was 2. A publisher and vender of quack medicine in Foote's "Patron."-3. A humbugging auetioneer in Foote's "Taste." - 4. A cowardly servant in Garrick's "Mi in her Teens." IMG:content-0817.png:[blocks in formation] of that city. It is the seat of the car-works of necting Mash on a land with the sea has to pa through its the Pullman Manufacturing Company. Popula- Punic Wars, or Cart hag in i an Wars. The tion, about 11,000. Pulo-Condor (pö'lō-kon-dor'), or Condore (kon- dōr'), or Candore (kän-dōr'), F. Poulo-Con- dore (pö-lōʻkôn-dōr'). A group of small islands in the China Sea, situated about lat. 8° 40′ N., long. 106°40′ E. They have belonged to France since 1862. Halle au Poi on, Hospice de Charité, and many fine build- ings in Marseilles. To this period belongs the Hercules Pultava. See Pultowa . Gaulois in the Louvre. After 1669 he executed his three Pulteney (pult'ni), William, Earl of Bath. Puget Sound proper in the south and Admiralty Inlet in the north. It is noted for its depth and its fine harbors. Seattle and Tacoma are on its shores. Total length in straight line, about 80 miles. Pughe (pū), William Owen. Born at Tyn y Bryn, Wales, Aug. 7, 1759: died June 4, 1835. A Welsh antiquary. He published a Welsh- English dictionary (1793–1803), and with others "Myvyrian Arch a i ology” (1801-07). Pugin (pūjin), August us Welby North more. Born at London, March 1, 1812: died at Rams- gate, Sept. 14, 1852. An English architect, son of August us Pugin (1762-1832). He left the Church of England for the Church of Rome when quite young. He made the designs for Killarney Cathedral, Adare Hall, a chapel at Douai, and many churches and buildings for that faith, and a isted Sir Charles Barry in the decorations of the new Houses of Parliament. He published "Contracts: or a Parallel between the Architecture of the 15th and 19th Centuries" (1836), "True Principles of Christian Architec- ture" (1841), "Glo ary of Ecclesiastical Ornament" (1844), etc. In 1852 he became insane. Pujol, Abel de. See Abel de Pujol . Pujunan (pö-jö'nan). A linguistic stock of North American Indians, comprising the Maidu and Nishinam divisions. It embraces a number of small tribes and villages formerly occupying the part of California between Deer Creek, La en Butte, and Honey man. He was educated at Westminster and at Oxford (Christ Church), and in 1705 entered Parliament. He was a prominent Whig in the reign of Queen Anne: when Wal- pole was sent to the Tower by the Tories in 1712, Pulteney defended him in the House of Commons. On the acce ion of George I. he became secretary of war, retiring in 1717. Neglected by Walpole, he became his opponent in 1725. On July 14, 1742, he was created earl of Bath. Pultowa (pöl'tō-vä), or Poltava (pol'tä-vä), or Pultava (pöl'tä-vä). 1. A government in southwestern Ru ia, surrounded by the gov- ernments of Tchernigoff, Kharkoff, Yekateri- noslaff, Kherson, and Kieff. It is one of the lead- ing agrienltural governments of the country. Area, 19, 265 square miles. Population (1890), 2,898,600. 2. The capital of the government of Pultowa, situated at the junction of the Pultavka with the Vorskla, about lat. 49° 35' N., long. 34° 35' E. It is noted for its fairs. Near it, June 27 (N. S. July 8), 1709, the Ru ians (about 70,000) under Peter the Great defeated the Swedes (about 25,000) under Charles XII. The battle marks the fall of the latter's power, and the rise of Ru ia. Population (1891), 43,563. Pultusk (pöltösk). A town in the government of Lomsha, Ru ian Poland, situated on the Narew 34 miles north of Warsaw. Here, in 1703, the Swedes under Charles XII. defeated the Saxons; and here, Dec. 26, 1806, a battle was fought between the French under Lannes and the Ru ians under Bennigsen. Victory was claimed for both sides; the Ru ians retreated after the battle. Population (1890), 9,224. Pumacagua (pö-mä-käg'wä), Mateo Garcia. Born near Cuzco, 1738: died at Sicuani, March, 1815. A Peruvian Indian general. In Aug., 1814, he headed a formidable insurrection against the Spaniards, occupied Are quip a, and at one time had 40.000 followers. He was defeated at Umachiri (March 11, 1815), captured, Pumblechook (pum'bl-chök), Mr. A pom- pous old gentleman in Dickens's novel "Great Expectations." He is Joe Gargery's uncle, and makes himself peculiarly odious to Pip by his patronage and his offensive habit of springing mathematical problems on him for solution. Pumpernickel (pöm'per-nikol), His Highne of or His Transparency of. A name by which minor German princes are jocularly satirized. Puná (pö-nä'). An island of Ecuador, at the entrance of the Gulf of Guayaquil, which it pro- tects from the sea. It is about 25 miles long by 12 broad, low, and partly covered with forest. Its Indian in- habitants, a warlike race, submitted to the Incas about 1500. Here Pizarro gathered his forces in 1532, before in- vading Peru: he had a battle with the natives. Puna (pö'nä), or Despoblado (däs-po-blä'THō). In the Andean regions of South America, any high and arid table-land. Specifically, and in a geo- graphical sense, a region in Peru between the Central and Western Cordilleras, extending from about lat. 13° S. to the confines of Bolivia or beyond; southward it has an average width of 150 miles, narrowing northward. The Puna consists of undulating lands, 13,000 to 18,000 feet above sea-level, very cold, barren, and uninhabited. Puna. See Poona . Punames (pö-näʼmās). See Sia . Punch (punch). [Abbr. of Punchinello , from It. policinello , pulcinello .] A short hump-backed hooked-nosed puppet, with a squeaking voice, the chief character in a street puppet-show called "Punch and Judy," who strangles his child, beats his wife (Judy) to death, belabors a policeman, and does other tragical and out- rageous things in a comical way. Punch is the descendant of the clown or Pulcinella (F. Polichinelle ) of the Neapolitan comedy: the part is thought to have been created by Silvio Fiorillo, a comedian, about 1600. He first appeared in France as a puppet in the beginning of the reign of Louis XIV. Allusions to "Punchinellos" be- come frequent in England after 1688. The origin of Toby the dog is uncertain, and Punch in his Italian form had show. far more liberty of action than in the English puppet Punchinello (pun-chi-nel'o). [From It. pulci- nello , a clown, buffoon, prop. a puppet.] See Punderpur. See Panderpur . Pungwe (pöng'we). Ariver in Portuguese East Africa which flows into the Indian Ocean north of Sofala. It rises in Man i cal and, and the railroad con- carried on in Spain, Italy, Sicily, and Africa. The follow- ing were the leading events: Hannibal's invasion of Italy after cro ing the Alps in 218; battles of Ticino, Trebbia, Lake Trasimene, and Cannæ; campaigns in Spain; conquest of Syracuse by Mar cell us; invasion of Italy by Hasdrubal, defeated at the Metaurus; final defeat of Hannibal at Zama in 202. By the peace, 201 B. C., Carthage ceded pos- se ions in Spain and the Mediterranean, and paid a heavy tribute; Numidia became an ally of Rome; and the Car- thaginian fleet was reduced. The chief commanders were Hannibal for Carthage and Scipio African us and Fabius Maximus for Rome. The third war began in 149 B. C. Its cause was the attack by Carthage on Ma ini a. Carthage was besieged by land and sea by the younger Scipio Afri- can us, and was taken and destroyed in 146. Its territory was divided between Rome and Numidia. Punitz (pö'nits). A town in the province of Posen, Pru ia, 44 miles south of Posen. Near it, in 1704, the Swedes under Charles XII. de- feated the Saxons. Population (1890), 2,004. Punjab, or Punjaub. See Panjab . Punnah. See Panna . is in general that of dialogues in which a well-known and inspired sage answers the questions of his disciples, while others are monologues. They are written in the Shloka IMG:content-0818.png:[ocr errors] Purana meter of the Mahabharata, with occasional pa ages in prose. They number 18. The best-known is the Vishnupurana, translated by Wilson, whose translation has been reedited with notes by Hall. There are also 18 Upapura nas, or subordinate Puranas. Purbeck (per'bek), Isle of. A peninsula in Dorset, England, 9 miles in length. It is noted for limestone-quarries. Purcell (per's el), Henry. Born at Westminster, about 1658: died there, Nov. 21, 1695. A noted English musician and composer. He was admitted as chorister in the Chapel Royal, and in 1670 composed an ode for the king's birthday. In 1675 he composed his famous opera "Dido and Æneas" for performance in a school. In 1676 he was a copyist at Westminster Abbey, and composed the music of Dryden's "Aurengzebe" and Shad well's "Epsom Wells" and "The Libertine." In 1677 he wrote the music to Mrs. Behn's tragedy "Abdelazar." Some of the songs in these compositions are still popular. In 1680 he was the organist of Westminster Abbey, and during the next 5 or 6 years composed most of his church music. In 1682 he was organist of the Chapel Royal. In 1683 he began to compose chamber music; and in 1687 wrote the music for Dryden's "Tyrannic Love." He composed the anthem "Ble ed are they that fear the Lord," by command of the king, 1688; the music for Dryden's "King Arthur," 1691; and his greatest work, the "Te Deum and Jubilate," written for St. Cecilia's day, 1694. He was the most celebrated of a noted family of musicians. The Purcell Society was founded in 1876 for the expre purpose of doing justice to his memory by publishing and performing his work. Purchas (per'chas), Samuel. Born at Thaxted, E ex, 1577: died at London, Sept., 1626. An English clergyman and author, best known from his works of travel. He published "Purchas his Pil. grimage, or Relations of the World and the Religions ob. served in all Ages and Places, etc." in 1613: a second edi. tion appeared in 1614, much enlarged. Four succeeding volumes, comprising articles from Hakluyt's publications and manuscripts, appeared in 1625 with the general title "Hakluytus Post humus, or Purchas his Pilgrimes: containing a History of the World, in Sea Voyages and Land Travels by English men and Others." The fourth edition of "Purchas his Pilgrimage" is usually sold with the latter work as if it were a succeeding fifth volume, and the five are known as "Purchas's Pilgrims." This collection is of great historical value. Purchas also published "Purchas his Pilgrim: Microcosm us, or the History of Man, etc." (1619), "The King's Tower, etc." (1623: a sermon), etc. Pure (pür), Simon. In Mrs. Cent livre's comedy "A Bold Stroke for a Wife," a Pennsylvania Quaker who is intended by the guardian of Ann Lovely, an heire , to marry her. His name and personality are a umed by Colonel Fain well in order to win the lady's person and fortune: hence arose the expre ion "the real Simon Pure," as he brought witne es finally to prove that he was the owner of the name. Purgatorio (pör-gä-to'rē-ō), Il. ['Purgatory.] The second part part of Dante's "Divina Com media" (which see). Purgatory (per'ga-to-ri) River. A river in southern Colorado which joins the Arkansas in Bent County. Length, about 175 miles. Purgon (pür-gôn'). One of Argan's physicians in Molière's "Le malade imaginaire." He is "all physician," a satire on the profe ion. Purgstall, Joseph von Hammer-. See Ham mer- Purgstall . Puri, or Pooree (pö-re'). 1. A district in the Ori a division, Bengal, British India, intersected by lat. 20° N., long. 86o E. Area, 2,472 square miles. Population (1891), 944,998.-2. See Juggernaut , where an account of the temple and festival is given. Purim (pö'rim). [Heb., pl. of pur , lot (Esther ix. 26). An annual Jewish festival celebrated on the 14th and 15th of the month Adar (March). It is preceded by the feast of Esther (on the 13th), at the close of which the scroll containing the book of Esther is read in the synagogue, and the name of Haman cursed, while that of Mordecai is ble ed. Puri ima Indians. See Chumash an . Puritan (pū'ri-t 'ri-tan). A wooden center-board sloop designed by Edward Burge , and launched in South Boston in 1885. Her principal dimensions were: length over all, 94 feet; length at load water-line, 81 feet 14 inches; beam, 22 feet 7 inches; draught, 8 feet 8 inches; displacement, 105 tons. Winning two out of three of the trial races, she was selected to defend the America's cup in 1885. This she did succe fully in two races with the Genesta, Sept. 14 and Sept. 16. Puritan, The, or the Widow of Watling Street. A A play published as "written by W. S." (William Shakspere) in 1606. According to Fleay, the author of the play is undoubtedly Middle ton, the whole style, plot, and meter being his. Swinburne thinks it is probably by Rowley. Dyce thinks that it was Sandusky, Ohio. Pyat Putlitz (pöt'lits), Gustav He in rich Gans, Edler zu. Born at Retzien, Pru ia, March 20, 1821: died there, Sept. 9, 1890. A German poet, dramatist, and novelist. He wrote the fairy poem "Was sich der Wald erzählt" (1850), "Vergi meinnicht," "Walpurgis" (1869), etc. may ah , measure: 'having full measure, full-ince of Bari, Apulia, Italy, 24 miles south-south grown, rich, precious.'] In the Shahnamah, the east of Bari. Population (1881), 12,161. wonderful cow, with the colors of the peacock, Put-in-Bay (put'in-bā'). A summer resort in that nourished the infant Faridun; also, a South Ba Island, Lake Erie, 14 miles north of brother of Faridun who, with another brother Kayanush, sought to kill Faridun by rolling upon him in his sleep a rock which was arrested by Faridun's magic power. Purniah (per'ni-ä), or Purneah (per'ne-ä). 1. A district in Bengal, British India, intersected by lat. 26° N., long. 88° E. Area, 4,993 square miles. Population (1891), 1,944,658.-2. The capital of the district of Purniah, in lat. 25° 46' N., long. 87° 31′ E. Population (1891), 14,555. Purple Island, The. An allegorical poem on the human body by Phineas Fletcher, published in 1633. Pursh (persh), Frederick. Born at Tobolsk, Siberia, 1774: died at Montreal, June 11, 1820. A Ru ian botanist. He wrote "Flora Americæ Septentrional is, or a Systematic Arrangement and Description of the Plants of North America" (1814), etc. Purupurus (pö-rö-pö-rös'), or Purus (pö-rös'), or Pamarys (pä-mä-rēz'). Brazilian Indians living about the lower course of the river Purús, an affluent of the Amazon which takes its name from them. They are wandering in habit, constructing rude temporary huts on the swampy islands, and subsisting principally by fishing. Lazy and timid, they despised of the Amazonian tribes. The name Purupurus, (Tupi piru - puru ) refers to a disease, almost universal among them, in which the skin turns bluish and then white in patches. Martius supposed that these Indians never the whites, and among Made the same as the Panorama Be the Madeira. The Arauas, horde the river Juruá, seem to be linguistically allied to them. Purús (pö-rös'). A river which rises in Peru, flows through the northern part of Bolivia and the western part of Brazil, and joins the Amazon about long. 61° 30′ W. It was first explored by Chandle in 1864. Length, along its numerous windings, about 1,900 miles; navigable for a great part of its course. Pusey (pū'zi), Edward Bouverie. Born near Oxford, 1800: died Sept. 16, 1882. An English theologian. His name was originally Edward Bouverie: the family, of Huguenot origin, became lords of the manor of Pusey, near Oxford, and from it took that name. In 1818 he entered Christ Church, Oxford, and in 1824 became a fellow of Oriel. He was a ociated with John Henry Newman and John Keble. In 1828 he was regius profe or of Hebrew at Oxford and canon of Christ Church. In 1835 he took part in the tractarian movement, and later was Putnam (put'nam). Atown in Windham County, northeastern Connecticut, on the Quinnebaug River. Population (1890), 6,512. Putnam, Israel. Born at Salem, Ma ., Jan. 7, 1718: died at Brooklyn, Conn., May 19, 1790. An American Revolutionary general. He was a farmer at Pomfret, Connecticut. He served in the French and Indian war 1755-62, and in Pontiac's war in 1764; was one of the commanding officers at the battle of Bunker Hill in 1775; was made a major-general in 1775; took part in the siege of Boston 1775-76; commanded at the defeat on Long Island in 1776; commanded in the Highlands of the Hudson in 1777; and served in Connecticut 1778-79. He was disabled from active service by a stroke of paralysis in 1779. Putnam, Mrs. (Mary Lowell). Born at Boston, Dec. 3, 1810. An American author, sister of J. R. Lowell. Putney (put'ni). A suburb of London, situated in Surrey, on the Thames, 6 miles southwest of St. Paul's. It is the terminus of the course for the uni versity boat-race. Population (1891), parish, 11,249. Putrid Sea, The. See Sivash . Putten ham (put'en-am), George. Born about 1530: died about 1600. An English author. He was educated at Oxford, and had traveled. The "Art of English Poesie" (1589) has been attributed to him, but there is a dispute as to his authorship. He wrote a number of other works, of which 14 or 15 are extant. Puttkamer (pöt'kä-mer), Robert Victor von. Born at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Pru ia, May 5, 1828. A Pru ian politician. He became minister of public instruction in 1879; introduced an im proved orthography of the German language, commonly "the Puttkamer orthography," the public schools in 1880; and became minister of the interior and vice-president of the ministry in 1881. He was dismi ed from office by the emperor Frederick in 1888. Put Yourself in his Place. A novel by Charles Reade, published in 1870: directed against the abuses of trades-unions. Putziger Wiek (pöt's ig-er vek). ['Bay of Put suspended for three years (1843-46) from the function of zig.'] The western branch of the Gulf of preaching for publishing "The Holy Eucharist a Comfort to the Penitent." The movement thus started took the name " Puseyism." The practice of confe ion among the extreme ritualists of the Church of England dates from his two sermons on "the entire absolution of the peni tent" (1846). Among his works are "Parochial Sermons," "Doctrines of the Real Presence," "The Real Presence," and "The Minor Prophets." He was one of the editors of the "Library of Translations from the Fathers" and the "Anglo-Catholic Library." Pushan (pö'shan). [Skt., from ✓ push , thrive, make thrive.] A god frequently invoked in the Vedic hymns. He is a protector and multiplier of cattle and of human po e ions in general. As a cowherd he carries an ox-goad and is drawn by goats. As a solar deity he beholds the universe and guides on on journeys, in cluding those to the other world, and aids in the revolutions of day and night. In the marriage ceremonial he is besought to take the bride's hand and lead her away and ble her. Pushkin, or Poushkin (pösh'kin), Alexander. Born at Moscow, May 26 (O. S.), 1799: died at St. Petersburg, Jan. 29 (O. S.), 1837. A celebrated Ru ian poet. His mother was of negro descent. He was repeatedly employed in the administrative service of the government, in spite of his liberal sentiments. He was mortally wounded in a duel. His works include "Ruslan and Liudmilla," ""Prisoner of the Cauca sus," "Fountain of Bakhtchisarai," "The Gipsies," "Robber Brothers," "Count Nulin,” “Poltava," "Angelo" (a play, from "Measure for Measure"), "House in Kolomna," tragedy "Boris Godunoff," "Eugene Onyegin" (showing Byron's influence); odes; the novels "Captain's Daugh ter," "Queen of Spades," etc.; and a "History of the Con spiracy of Pugatcheff." of the largest in Tyrol. It comprises the valley of the Rienz and the upper valley of the Drave. Length, about 60 miles. Putbus (pöt'bös). The largest place in the island of Rügen, Pru ia, situated in the southern part, south of Bergen. Puteoli. See Pozzuoli . Dantzic. Puvis de Chavannes (pü-vēs' dė shä-van'), Pierre. Born at Lyons, Dec. 14, 1824. A French historical and decorative painter. He was a pupil of Couture and Henri Scheffer. Among his works are "Ste. Geneviève" (Pantheon, Paris), and "The Sacred Grove." He has executed a mural painting for the new Boston Public Library (1894). He became president of the Société des Artistes Di ident after the death of Mei onier in 1891. Puy (püē), Le, or Le-Puy-en-Velay (lé-pwe'on-ve-la'). The capital of the department of Haute-Loire, France, situated between the Borne and the Dolezon, in lat. 45° 2' N., long. 3° 52′ E.: the medieval Anicium and Podium. It is a manufacturing center for laces. The chief objects of interest are the early medieval cathedral of Notre Dame, and Mont Corneille, a rock surmounted by a statue of the Virgin. The place has been a resort for pilgrims from early times. It was the capital of the ancient Velay. Population (1891), commune, 20,308. Puyallup (pö-yal'up). A tribe of North American Indians. They formerly lived on Puyallup Bay and at the mouth of Puyallup River, Washington; but are now on Puyallup reservation, Washington. Number, 563. See Salishan . Puy-de-Dôme (püe-de-dom'). ōm'). [F. puy , from LL. podium , a hill.] 1. A peak of the Auvergne Mountains, situated in the department of Puyde-Dôme 8 miles west of Clermont-Ferrand. On the summit there are an observatory and Roman ruins. Height, 4,805 feet. 2. A department of central France. Capital, Clermont-Ferrand. It is bounded by Allier on the north, Loire on the east, Haute-Loire and Cantal on the south, and Corrèze and Creuse on the west, and corresponds to the northern part of the ancient Auvergne, part of Bour bonnais, and a small part of Forez. Its surface is mostly mountainous. It is traversed by the Allier, forming the valley of Limagne. Its agriculture and manufactures are flourishing. Area, 3,070 square miles. Population (1891), 564,266. Puy-de-Sancy (püe-de-son-se'). The highest summit of the Auvergne Mountains, France. Height, 6,185 feet. Puzzuoli. See Pozzuoli . Pyat (pyä), Félix. Born at Vierzon, Cher, France, Oct. 4, 1810: died at St.-Gratien, Aug. 4, 1889. A French socialist politician and dram