Since 1848 the world's yield of gold has been extraordinarily great

From 1493 to 1848 the total production has been estimated at ab. $3,300,000,000; while between 1848 and 1894 the yield was nearly $5,300,000,000. In 1853 Cal. produced ab. $60,000,000; all the mines of the world $160,000,000. The world's production in 1893 amounted to $157,228,000 of which the U. S. produced $35,955,000, Austral asia $35,688,600, Africa $29,305,800, Ru ia $26,454,400. The amount used in the arts and manufactures in the U. S. 1893 was $12,523,523. Total obtained in U. S. 1847-90 $1,847,170,000. The commercial ratio of gold to silver in 189 B.C. was, in Rome and the Greek states, 10 to 1; 30 B.C. 74 to 1; 70-225, 124 to 1; in England, 1546, 10 to 1; 1663, 14 to 1; 1849, 15.63 to 1; 1893, 26.49 to 1; 1894, 32.56 to 1. In ancient Egypt and Persia it was 134 to 1. It was known to the ancients; was discovered (by the Spaniards) in Africa 1492; in Malacca 1731; in Ceylon 1800; in California Sept. 1847; in Australia 1851; in South Africa Oct. 1868; in West Australia Sept. 1870.