subsoil plow

A form of plow having a share and standard, but no mold-board. It follows in the furrow made by an ordinary plow, and loosens the soil to an additional depth without bringing it to the surface. sub-s611, v. t. [SUBSOIL, s.] substancele I. Ordinary Language: 1. That of which a thing consists or is made up; body, matter, material; kind or character of matter. "As thin of substance as the air." Shakesp.: Romeo and Juliet, i. 4. 2. That which is real; that which makes a thing actual; that which constitutes the thing itself, and not merely a vain semblance or imaginary existence. "He takes false shadows for true substances." Shakesp.: Titus Andronicus, iii. 2. *3. Anything existing by itself; a being. "That little seeming substance ." --Shakesp .: Lear , i. 1. 4. The most important elements in any existence; the characteristic constituents collectively; the e ential, main, or material part; the e ence; the e ential import. "Their [letters] cold intent, tenor and substance." Shakesp.: Henry IV., Pt. II., iv. L. 5. Solidity, firmne , substantiality. 6. Body, strength. 7. Goods; material means and resources; riches, wealth, resources, property. "Thy substance.marks" Cannot amount unto a hundred marks." Shakesp.: Comedy of Errors , i. 1. II. Technically : †1. Bot .: Texture. ( Lindley .) 2. Philos.: That which is and abides (Cole ridge: Aids to Reflection, p. 6) as distinguished from accident, which has no existence of itself, and is e en tially mutable. The derivation of the word in this sense is, according to Augustine ( de Trinitate , vii. 4) from the Latin subsist ere , and so that which subsists of or by itself; Locke prefers to connect it with the Latin subs to =to stand under, to support, to uphold, and says ( Human . Under ., bk. ii., ch. xxiii., §2): "The idea, then, to which we give the name of substance, being nothing but the supposed but unknown support of these qualities [accidents] we find existing, which we imagine cannot subsist without something to support them, we call that support subs tanti a , which, according to the true import of the word is in plain English [something] standing under and upholding." The first idea of substance is probably derived from the consciousne of self-the conviction gained by experience that, while sensations, thoughts, and purposes are continually changing, the Ego constantly remains the same. Cbservation teaches us that bodies external to us remain the same as to quantity or extension, though their color and figure, their state of motion or of rest may be changed. But as every power and property of a thing, every mode in which it affects a sentient being, is an accident, and all these accidents may be either actually or mentally abstracted, the question arises, What is left after all the accidents are thus abstracted?-What is the substance? To meet the difficulty, it was a umed that everything po e es, besides its accidents, an unknown substratum on which these accidents rest, or in which they inhere. Locke, without departing from the knowable, placed the substance of an object in some e ential or fundamental quality, the presence of which maintained, while its removal destroyed, the identity of the object [ESSENCE, 8., II. 1.]; and Fichte made it consist in a synthesis of attributes; holding that these, synthetically united, gave substance, while substance analyzed gave at tributes. with a subsoil-plow. [Prefix sub- , *sub-sō-lar, *sub-sō-lar-ỹ, a . and Eng. solar, solary (q. v.).] Situated or being under the sun; terrestrial. "Thereby the causes and effects of all Things done upon the subsolary ball." Brome: Paraphr. upon Eccles. i