foulness, foulnes, foulnesse

[A. S. fulne , fulne ; O. H. Ger. fúlnu i; O. Fris. fúl ne e.] [FOUL, a.] 1. The quality or state of being foul, dirty, turbid, or muddy; dirtine , fil you r . "A father will hug and embrace his beloved son for all the dirt and foulne of his clothes." -South : Sermons, vol. ii., ser. vi. 2. An impurity or pollution. "It is no vicious blot, murder, or foulne ." Shakesp.: Lear, i. 1. foul spoken 4. Ugline , deformity. "He's fallen in love with your foulne , and she'll fall ia love with my anger." -Shakesp .: As You Like It , iii. 5. 5. Dishonesty, unlawfulne , unfairne . "They pierced the foulne of thy secret aim." Akenside: Epistle to Curio. 6. Roughne , as of the weather. Shakespeare, "So foul a day clears not without a storm." foul-spōk-en, a. [Eng. foul , and spoken .] Using or given to foul language; foulmouthed. foul-tongued, a. [English foul, and tongued.] Foulmouthed, foul spoken. fou-mart, *fol-mart, *ful-mart, *ful-mare, *ful-mard, *foul-mart ( Eng . ), *full-mart ( Prov . Eng . ), *fou-mart, *fow-marte ( Scotch ), s. [From A. S. fúl foul, and Eng. marten , from O. Fr. marte , martre a martin. So called from its offensive smell.] Zool.: The polecat (q. v.). (Lit. & fig .) "Was ever such a fulmart for an huisher? Martin Polecat be pronounced a stinking name, and not to In any lady's presence without a reverence." Ben Jonson: Tale of a Tub , i. 1. IMG:content-0083.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0084.png:[blocks in formation] 3. That part of a structure which is below the surface of the ground. 4. The act of establishing, originating, or found. ing; establishment. "That was the foundacioun of here ordre." -Maunde . ville , p. 88. 5. The principles, basis, or grounds on which anything stands, rests, or is supported. "Having laid down as my foundation , that the Scripture is a rule that in all things needful to salvation, is clear, sufficient, and ordained by God Almighty for that purpose."-Dryden: Religio Laici . (Pref.) 6. The grounds or reasons on which an opinion, notion, or belief is founded. "[I] can never prevail on myself to make complaints which have no cause, in order to raise hopes which have no foundation." Burke: Observations on a late State of the Nation. IMG:content-0085.png:[blocks in formation] II. Hat - making : The body of a hat or bonnet, of wool or inferior fur, upon which the napping of superior fur is laid and united at the battery. Crabb thus discriminates between foundation , ground , and basis : "A report is said to be without any foundation , which has taken its rise in mere conjecture, or in in son some arbitrary cause independent IMG:content-0086.png:[blocks in formation] "Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock." Shakesp.: Macbeth , iii. 4. 3. To begin to raise or build. "This cytee founded Helizeus Damascus." -Maundeville , p. 123. 4. To establish, to originate, to endow; as, to found a college. "He founded a library, gathered together the acts of the kings and prophets." -2 Maccabees ii. 13. 5. To give birth or origin to; as, He founded a family. 6. To raise or base upon, as upon a principle or ground; to ground. "The religion and the transaction upon which it was founded, were too obscure to engage the attention of Joseph us."-Paley: Evidences , vol. i., ch. vii. *B. In trans.: To rest, to rely, to defend. (Followed by on or upon .) (1) Crabb thus discriminates between to found , to ground, to rest , and to build : "To found implies the exercise of art and contrivance in making a support; to ground signifies to lay so deep that it may not totter; it is merely in the moral sense that they are here considered, as the verb to ground with this signification is never used otherwise. Found is applied to outward circumstances; ground to what pa es inwardly To found and ground are said of things which demand the full exercise of the mental powers; to rest is an action of le importance: whatever is founded requires and has the utmost support; whatever is rested is more by the will of the individual: a man founds his reason. ing upon some unequivocal fact; he rests his a ertion upon mere hearsay. To found , ground , and rest have always an an immediate reference to the thing that supports; to build has an especial reference to that which is supported, to the superstruct ure that is raised." ( Crabb : Eng . Synon .) (2) For the difference between to found and to institute , see INSTITUTE.