Sá da Bandeira (sä dä bän-dā'rä), Bernardo de

Born at Santarem, Portugal, Sept. 26, 1795: died Jan. 6, 1876. A Portuguese politician and general. He took part in the insurrections f of 1820 and 1846; was several times minister (of war or of marine); and was premier 1865, 1868-69, and 1870. Sadachbiah (säd-ak-bē'yä). [Ar. sad - al - ah biya, the lucky (star) of the hidden creatures "because when it appears the earthworms creep out of their holes" ( Smyth ).] The fourth-magnitude star y Aquarii. Sadah (se-de'). The name of the tenth day of the month Bahman: a fire festival on which the Persian kings lighted fires and attached burning wisps to the feet of birds. Firdausi ascribes the festival and its name to Hushang, the king who struck a spark in hurling a stone at a demon, and so discovered fire. Sadalmelik (säd-al-mel'ik). [ Ar.sa'd - al - melik , the lucky (star) of the king.] The third-magnitude star a Aquarii. Sadalsuud (säd-al-sö-öd' or sad-al-söd'). [Ar. sa'd - as - su'ûd , the luckiest of the lucky.] The third-magnitude star ẞ Aquarii. Sadatoni (sad-a-tō'ni). [Ar., corrupted from dhat-al - ' in an .] "The fourth-magnitude star Aurige. ored as a saint, and his tomb near Shiraz is still visited. He wrote many works in both prose and verse and in both Arabic and Persian, and Garcin de Ta y declares that he was the first poet who wrote in Hindu stan i. Among his writings are a divan, or collection of odes, the "Gulistan" ("Rose-Garden"), "Bustan" ("Tree-Garden"), and "Pandnamah," or "Book of Counsel." (See Gulistan, Bustan .) Elegance, simplicity, and wit are Sadi's chief merits. The first complete edition of his works was that of Harrington (Calcutta, 1791-95). The "Gulistan," first edited with a Latin translation by Gentius (Amsterdam, 1651), has been translated into English by Eastwick in Trübner's Oriental Series; the "Bustan" by Davie (London, 1882). Sadi-Carnot. See Carnot , Marie François Sadi. Sadir (sä'der), or Sad'r (sä'dr). [Ar. al- sadr , the breast.] The second-magnitude stary Cygni. Sadira (sad'ō-rä). [Ar. al - na'aim al - çadirah , the ostrich returning from water (with reference to an old Oriental constellation).] The second-magnitude star o Sagittarii. It is now probably much brighter than when Bayer a igned the Greek letters to the stars of this constellation. Sadler (sad'ler), Sir Ralph. Born at Hackney, 1507: died at Stand on, Herts, England, March 30, 1587. An English statesman. While a child entered the service of Thomas Cromwell, earl of E ex. E ex introduced him to the notice of Henry VIIL, whom he a isted in the di olution of the monasteries. He visited Scotland 1539-40 and 1541, and in 1542 was sent to negotiate a marriage between Edward, prince of Wales, and the young queen Mary of Scotland. He was knighted in 1543. In 1547 he was appointed by Henry's will a count he reign of Mary he lived retired at Hackney. On the accilor to the 16 nobles, guardians of Edward VI. During ce ion of Elizabeth (1558) he became member of Parliament for the county of Hertford and a privy councilor. In 1584 he was keeper of Mary Queen of Scots at Tutbury Castle. The letters and negotiations of Sir Ralph Sadler were published in 1720, and by Sir Walter Scott in 1809. Sado (sä'do). An island of Japan, west of the main island, in the Sea of Japan, in lat. 38° N. Length, 57 miles. Sadowa (sä'dō-vä). A village near Königgrätz, Bohemia. Its name is frequently given to the battle commonly known as the battle of Königgrätz (which Sad Shepherd, The. A pastoral drama by Ben Jonson, published posthumously in 1641. It is a tale of Robin Hood, and was left unfinished. It was fin see). ished by F. G. Waldron in 1783. Sá e Benevides (sä è be-ne-vē'des), Salvador Corrêa de. Born at Rio de Janeiro, 1594: died at Lisbon, Jan. 1, 1688. A Portuguese soldier A seaport of Morocco, situated on the Atlantic coast 102 miles west-northwest of Morocco. Population, 9,000. Safor. See Shahpur. Safvet Pasha (sä'vet pash ́â), Mehemet. Born at Constantinople about 1815: died there, Nov. 17, 1883. A Turkish statesman. As minister of foreign affairs he signed the treaty of San Stefano March 3, 1878. He was grand vizir June-Dec., 1878. Saga (sä'gä). A seaport and commercial center in the island of Kiusiu, Japan, about 74 miles northeast of Nagasaki. Sagan (zä'gän). A town in the province of Silesia, Pru ia, situated on the Bober 82 miles northwest of Breslau. It is the capital of the media tized principality of Sagan. It was formerly a po e ion of Wal lens tein. Population, 12,623. Sagar (sä-gur'). A sacred island of the Hindus, at the mouth of the Hugli. Sagar (sä-gur'), or Saugur (sa-gur'), or Saugor (sa-gor'). 1. A district in the Central Provinces, British India, intersected by lat. 24° N., long. 78° 40′ E. Area, 4,007 square miles. Population (1891), 591,743.-2. The capital of the district of Sagar, situated about lat. 23° 50′ N., long. 78° 45′ E. Population (1891), 44,674. Sagara (sä-gäʼrä), or Was agar a (wä-sä-gäʼrä), or Sagala (sä-gä'lä). A Bantu tribe of German East Africa, dwelling in a mountainous and fertile region bordering on Uzegua, Ugogo, and Masa i land. They vary in stature and color, and have a tribal mark tattooed on their temples. They live in constant fear of attack. Usagara is the name of the country, Kisagara that of the language. The Wamegi are a subtribe. French and English mi ions are at work in Usagara. Sagasta (sä-gäs'tä), Praxedes Mateo. Born July 21, 1827: died Jan. 5, 1903. A Spanish liberal statesman. He took part in the unsucce ful insurrections of 1856 and 1866; was minister of the interior in the provisional government of 1868, and president of the Cortes in 1871; and was premier in 1872, 1874, 1881-83, 1885-90, 1893-95, 1897-99, and March, 1901-02. Sage, Le. See Le Sage . Sage of Concord, The. Ralph Waldo Emerson: he resided at Concord, Ma achusetts. Sage of Monticello, The. Thomas Jefferson: from his country residence at Monticello, Virginia. Sage of Samos, The Sage of Samos, The. Pythagoras. Saghalin, or Saghalien (sä-gä-lēn'). [Also Sakhalin ; Jap. Karaftu or Karafuto .] An island belonging to Ru ia, in the Sea of Okhotsk, east of Siberia (separated by the Gulf of Tatary) and north of Yezo, Japan (separated by the Strait of La Pérouse). It is traversed by mountain ranges. The climate is cold. The inhabitants are Rus sians, Ainos, Gilyaks, Oroks, and Japanese. It was ceded by Japan to Ru ia 1875. Latterly it has been used as a convict station. Length, 670 miles. Area, 24,560 square miles. Population, about 16,000. Sag Harbor (sag här bor). A seaport and summer resort in Suffolk County, Long Long Island, New York, situated on Gardiner's Bay 92 miles east by north of New York. Pop. (1900), 1,969. Saginaw (sag'i-na). A A river in Michigan which flows into Saginaw Bay. It is formed by the union of the Flint, Shiawa ee, Ca , and Tit tab a was see. Saginaw. inaw. A city, capital ital of Saginaw County, Michigan, situated on Sag Saginaw River 98 miles northwest of Detroit. It is a railway center and river port, and has extensive sawmills and various manufactures. Population (1900), 42,345. Saginaw, East. See East Saginaw . Saginaw Bay. The largest arm of Lake Huron on the United States side. It penetrates about 60 miles into Michigan. Sagitta (sa-jit'ä). [L., 'an arrow.'] An insignificant but very ancient northern constellation, the Arrow, placed between Aquila and the bill of the Swan. It is, roughly speaking, in a line with the most prominent stars of Sag it tar i us and Centaur us, with which it may originally have been conceived to be connected. Also called Alahance . Sag it tar i us (saj-i-ta'ri-us). [L., 'the archer.] A southern zodiacal constellation and sign, the Archer, representing a centaur (originally doubtle some Babylonian divinity) drawing a bow. The constellation is situated east of Scorpio, and is, especially in the latitudes of the southern United States, a prominent object on summer evenings. The symbol of the constellation (1) shows the Archer's arrow and part of the bow. Sagittary (saj'i-tā-ri). A monster described in medieval romances of the Trojan war as a terrible archer, a centaur armed with a bow. His eyes of fire struck men dead. The allusion in Shakspere's "Othello" i. 1 is conjectured by Knight to be to the official residence at the Arsenal in Venice. Sago (sāgō), Mr. and Mrs. Characters in Mrs. Cent livre's comedy "The Ba et-Table." Mrs. Sago, an ambitious woman, proud of her intimacy with Lady Reveller, and with a pa ion for gaming, her doting husband. with Sir James courtly, and deceives Sago, the druggist, Sagon (sä-gôn'), François. See the extract. Among the idlest but busiest literary quarrels of the century - a century fertile in such things - was that between Marot and a certain insignificant person named François Sagon, a belated rhétoriqueur , who found some other rhym ers of the same kind to support him. One of Marot's best things, an answer of which his servant, Fripelipes, is supposed to be the spokesman, came of the quarrel; but of the other contributions, not merely of the principals, but of their followers, the Marotiques and Sagontiques , Saints bury , French Lit., p. 176. nothing survives in general memory, or deserves Sagori (sä-gō'ri), or Zagore (zä-gō're). A small town north of the Sea of Janina, Albania: capital of a small state having a constitution of its own. Sagoskin. See Zagoskin . Sagras (sā'gras). In ancient geography, a small river in Bruttium, southern Italy, flowing flowing into the Mediterranean north of Locri (identification uncertain): noted for the victory gained near it by the Locrians over the forces of Croton in the 6th century B. C. Sagres (sä'gres). A small seaport at the southwestern extremity of Portugal, Portugal, near Cape St. Vincent. It was the headquarters of Prince Henry the Navigator, who erected there an observatory, and directed thence his exploring expeditions. Saguache (sa-wach'), or Sawatch, Range. A range of the Rocky Mountains, in central Colorado, southwest of Denver and west of the upper course of the Arkansas. It contains several peaks over 14,000 feet high, including Mount Harvard and the Mountain of the Holy Cro . Sahagún (sä-ä-gön'), Bernard i no de. Born at Sahagún, Spain, about 1499: died either at Mexico or at the Convent of Tlatelolco, Feb. 5, 1590. A Francis can mi ionary and historian. From 1529 he lived in Mexico, where he held various offices in his order. His historical works, published in modern times, were freely used in manuscript by the old historians. They include accounts of the Aztecs and of the conquest of Mexico. He also published works in the Aztec language. Sahaptin. See Chopunnish . Sahara (sa-hä'rä). [Ar. Sahra , the desert.] The largest desert in the world, situated in northern Africa. Its limits to the north and south are vague and varying; but its boundaries may be given generally as the Atlas Mountains and their eastern continuations on the north, the Nile valley on the east, the Sudan on the south, and the Atlantic on the west. The surface is diversified, comprising plateaus, mountain-ranges, sand-hills, and oases. It includes the Libyan desert, the oases of Fezzan and Air, the plateaus of Ahaggar and Tasili, the depre ion of Djuf, etc. The eastern half is in the po e ion of various independent tribes. Southwest of Morocco a large district along the coast is called a Spanish protectorate. The remainder is recognized since 1890 as belonging to the French sphere of influence. It thus connects Algeria with the French po e ions in Sene gambia and the Niger region. The inhabitants are Tuaregs (Berbers), Arabs, and Negroes. Area, estimated, 3,500,000-4,000,000 square miles. Population, estimated, 2,500,000. The area of the French Sahara is estimated at 1,550,000 square miles. Saharanpur (sa-här-an-pör'), or Seharunpoor (se-här-un-pör'). 1. A district in the Meerut division, Northwest Provinces, British India, intersected by lat. 30° N., long. 77° 40′ E. Area, 2,242 square miles. Population (1891), 1,001,280.-2. The capital of the district of Saharanpur, 95 miles north by east of Delhi. Population (1891), 63,194. Saho (sä'ho), or Shoho (shōhō). A tribe of poor pastoral nomads, dwelling between Aby in i a and Adulis Bay (Red Sea). Of Hamitic race, they belong to the same cluster as the Afar or Danakil, and profe Mohammedanism. They number about 30,000. Saiaz (sī-az'). A tribe of the Pacific division of the At hap as can stock of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the tongue of land between Eel River and Van Dusen's Fork, California. See At hap as can . Egypt. Said (sä-ed'). The Arabic name for Upper Said Pasha (sä-ēd'pash'â). Born 1822: died Jan. 18,1863. Fourth son of Mehemet Ali: viceroy of Egypt 1854-63. He promoted various reforms. Said Pasha, Mehemet. A Turkish politician, premier 1879-82, and grand vizir 1882-85 and 1901-. Saida (sī'dä). A town in the province of Oran, Algeria, 76 miles southeast of Oran. Population, about 5,000. Saida, or Seida (sī'dä). A seaport in Syria, situated on the Mediterranean in lat. 33° 34′ N., long. 35° 22′ E., on the site of the ancient Sidon. Various antiquities have been discovered there by Renan and others. It was bombarded and taken by the allied Turkish-Austrian-British fleet in 1840. Population, about 10,000. Saiduka. See Saidyuka . Saidyuka (sīd-ū'kä). A confederacy of 5 small tribes of North American Indians which for merly lived near Pyramid Lake, western Nevada, whence they were forced into Oregon by the Paviotso: now on Klamath reservation. Also Saiduka , Sidocaw , and Oregon Snakes . Number (1893), 145. See Shoshonean . Saigon (si-gon'; F. pron. si-gôn'). The capital of French Cochin-China, situated on the Donnai or Saigon River, not far from the China Sea, in lat. 10° 47′ N., long. 106° 42′ Ε. It is an important commercial center, and has regular steamship communication with France. It was captured by the French in 1859, and was annexed by France in 1862. Population (1891), with suburbs, estimated, 80,000. Saigo Takamori (sīgō tä-kä-mō'rē). Born about 1825: died 1877. A Japanese general, influential in reëstablishing the rule of the mikado in 1868. He was a leader of the Satsuma Saguenay (sag-e-na'). A river in the province of Quebec, Canada. It traverses Lake St. John, capital. joins the St. Lawrence at Tadousac, about 115 miles north east of Quebec. In its lower course (from Ha Ha Bay) it is of great depth, and is celebrated for its scenery. Length from Lake St. John, over 100 miles; total length, including its chief affluent, the Chomouchouan, about 400 miles. It is navigable for steamers to Chicoutimi (75 miles). Saguntum (sa-gun'tum). In ancient geography, a city on the eastern coast of Spain, on the site of the modern Murviedro (which see). It was flour- ishing in the 3d century B. C., and became an ally of Rome. In 219 C. it was besieged and captured by Hannibal: this Rome against Carthage. rebellion of 1877. Saikio (sī-kē'ō). ['Western capital.] A name sometimes given to Kioto, the ancient capital of Japan, in distinction from Tokio, the eastern St. For names of saints, see under the proper name, as George , Saint . Saima (sī'mä), Lake. A large lake in southern Finland, north of Viborg. Its outlet is into Lake Ladoga. St.-Affrique (san-täf-rēk'). A town in the department of Aveyron, southern France, situ ated on the Sorgues 32 miles southeast of Rodez. Population (1891), commune, 7,223. St. Agnes (sant ag'nez). 1. The southwesternmost of the Scilly Isles.-2. A small seaport St.-Antoine, Faubourg in Cornwall, England, situated on Bristol Channel 8 miles northwest of Truro. St.-Aignan (san-tan-yon'). A town in the department of Loir-et-Cher, France, situated on the Cher 33 miles east-southeast of Tours. It has a ruined château. Population (1891), commune, 3,301. St. Albans (al'banz). A city in Hertfordshire, England, 20 miles north-northwest of London. The abbey church was constituted a cathedral in 1877. It is a building of great size, founded in the 11th century; the handsome choir is of the 13th. The recent restoration has greatly altered the exterior aspect of the building. and given it a markedly Early English character. This restoration aroused a heated controversy; but it is certain that the new west front, with its three portals and its Decorated central window, and the two side divisions arcaded and flanked by slender turrets, could not be matched architecturally on the western side of the channel. The square central tower is Norman. The interior combines very early and ma ive Romanesque work with the most graceful fully developed Pointed. The cathedral po e es many notable tombs and bra es. It is 550 feet long (second only to Winchester), and measures 175 acro the transepts. The city is situated near the ancient Verulamium, one of the chief towns of the Britons and Romans. St. Alban is said to have been martyred here about 300 A. D. A Benedictine monastery was founded in 793. The first battle in the Wars of the Roses was fought here in May, 1455, the Yorkists under York defeating the Lancastrians under Somerset, and Henry VI. being taken prisoner; and here, Feb. 17, 1461, the Lancastrians under Queen Margaret de. feated the Yorkists under the Earl of Warwick. Population (1891), 12,895. St. Albans. The capital of Franklin County, Vermont, situated 45 miles northwest of Montpelier, near Lake Cham plain. It has an import. ant trade in dairy products, and some manufactures. Population (1900), city, 6,239. St. Albans, Duche of (Harriet Mellon). Born at London about 1775: died there, Aug. 6, 1837. An English comic actre , of Irish descent. She went on the stage as a child, and appeared, through the influence of Sheridan, at Drury Lane in 1795 as Lydia Languish. She was vivacious and very popular, being eclipsed only by Mrs. Jordan. Her characters included Dorinda, Mrs. Candour, Rosalind, Miranda, Ophelia, Mi Prue, Est if an i a, etc. In 1815 she married the banker Coutts, and in 1827 the ninth Duke of St. Albans. She left a large fortune to Mi Burdett-Coutts.