BOROUGH

(A.S. burh, a fortified stronghold or camp), the name of a town o e ing certain governmental rights. many places an Anglo-Saxon ‘burh’ grew up on or near the site of a Roman colony, but the case is not proven for the former developing out of the latter. The ‘burh’ was the stronghold of a king or a tribe, with a ‘wall’ or ‘hedge’ around it It often became a political, military, and commercial center. In the X. cent. the b. court or ‘moot’ first appears, with a definite area of jurisdiction, but the feudal castle of the Norman conquerors sometimes overshadowed it. ‘Royal boroughs’ were created by the king; the burge es paid*’ certain annual rents to him. Various privileges were granted by succe ive kings to London. The name is used for township in Pennsylvania. Eng. navigator: b. N or than, Devon; accompani ed Sir Hugh Willoughby (1553) in his search for a northern pa age to Cathay; discovered Kara Strait (1556). His bro. William Borough (1536-99 ), commanded the Lion in Drake’s Cadiz expedition (1587); wrote A Discourse of the Variations of the Corrpa (1581). Nay tS? 35’ E.), four islands, Lake Maggiore, Italy. saint and cardinal; studied at Pavia; cr. cardinal and abp. of Milan uncle, Pope Pius IV., =f 1560;; t took es part os at Council of Trent; did much for moral reform of Church and foundation of educational establishments; canonized. 1610.