Savernake

A celebrated forest region in Wilt- Savona (sä-võ'nä). A seaport in the province shire, England, near Marl borough. Saverne. The French name of Zabern. Saverne (sä-varn'), Col de, or Zabern Pa (tsä'bern päs). A low pa over the Vosges, near the town of Saverne (Zabern). Savigliano (sä-vēl-yä'no). A town in the province of Cuneo, Italy, situated near the Maira 29 miles south of Turin. Population (1881), 9,932; commune, 17,150. Savigny (sä-vēn-yē'), Fried rich Karl von. Born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Feb. 21, 1779: died at Berlin, Oct. 25, 1861. A celebrated German jurist and politician: one of the greatest of modern jurists, and one of the founders of the historical school of jurisprudence. He became profe or in Berlin in 1810; held various Pru ian offices; and was minister for the revision of the legisla tion 1842-48. His works include "Das Recht des Besitzes" ("Right of Po e ion," 1803), "Vom Beruf unserer Zeit für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswi enschaft" (1814), "Geschichte des römischen Rechts im Mit tel alter" ("History of Roman Law in the Middle Ages," 1815-31), "System des heutigen rom is chen Rechts" ("System of Modern Roman Law," 1840-49), "Das Obligationenrecht" (1851-53). Savigny, Karl Fried rich von. Born at Berlin, Sept. 19, 1814: died at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Feb. 11, 1875. A Pru ian diplomatist and politician, son of F. K. von Savigny. He was amba ador at Frankfort 1864-66; a leading negotiator in the treaties and arrangements of 1866; and after 1867 a leading member of the Centre in the Reichstag and Landtag. Savile (sav'il), George, first Marquis of Halifax. Born 1630: died at London, April 20, 1695. An English statesman, author, and orator. He was made privy councilor 1672; and in 1680 caused the rejec tion of the Exclusion Bill debarring the Duke of York, as a papist, from succeeding to the throne. He was lord privy seal 1682-85 and 1689, and was the chief of the party called the "Trimmers." His "Miscellanies" were published in 1700. Savile, Sir Henry. Born near Halifax, England, Νον. 30, 1549: died at Eton, England, Feb. 19, 1622. An English cla ical scholar and mathematician. Besides mathematical works he published "Rerum Anglicarum script ores post Bedam" (1596), an edition of Chrysostom, etc. Savio (sä've-ō). A small river in eastern Italy which flows into the Adriatic 8 miles southeast of Ravenna: the ancient Sapis. Saviolina (sav i-o-li'nä). A character in Ben Jonson's comedy "Every Man out of his Humour": "a court lady, whose weightiest praise is a light wit, admired by herself and one more, her servant Brisk." of Genoa, Italy, situated on the Gulf of Genoa chapel royal. On Feb. 12, 1246, a grant of land lying between the "Straunde" and the Thames was made by Henry III. to Peter of Savoy, uncle of Queen Eleanor, and he built the palace there. Peter died and left his property to the friars of Montjoy, who sold the palace to Queen Eleanor in 1270. In 1284 she gave it to Edmund, earl of Lancaster, and later it became the town seat of the dukes of Lancaster. When the Savoy was occupied by John of Gaunt in 1376, it was twice attacked by a mob and again by Wat Tyler's followers in 1381, who completely destroyed the palace. It was rebuilt about 1505 as a hospital, and endowed by the will of Henry VII.; suppre ed by Edward VI.; refounded by Mary; and finally di olved by Elizabeth. The present chapel royal was built on the ruins of a chapel of John of Gaunt, dedicated in 1511. The style is Perpendicular; the wooden ceiling is modern; there is excellent gla . This is the only one of the old buildings remaining, and was made a chapel royal by George III. in 1773; in 1864 it was partly destroyed by fire, and was reopened in 1865: it is entirely supported from the queen's privy purse. The French Protestants had a chapel here from the time of Charles II. till about 1737: this is the origin of the name Savoy, given in the 18th century to the psalm-tune known as "Old Hundredth." The Savoy Theatre was built near here on the Strand, and opened in 1881. Savoy Conference. A conference held at the Savoy in London, after the restoration of Charles II. (1661), between 21 Episcopalians and an equal number of Presbyterians, for the purpose of securing ecclesiastical unity. It utterly failed, leaving both parties more bitterly hostile than before. Savoy Declaration. A "declaration of the faith and order owned and practised in the Congregational churches in England," agreed upon at a meeting at the Savoy, London, in 1658. Doctrinally it is a modification of the Westminster A embly's confe ion of faith. It is no longer regarded as authoritative among Congregational churches. Also called Savoy Confe ion. Savus (sā'vus). The Roman name of the river Save. Sawaii. See Savaii . Sawantwari (sä-wunt-wäʻrē). A native state in India, under British control, situated near the western coast, north of Goa, about lat. 16° N. Area, about 900 square miles. Population (1881), 174,433, Sawatch Range. See Saguache Range . Sawney (sa'ni). [A corruption of Sandy , which is a familiar contraction of Alexander .] A nickname for a Scotsman. Savo. It is one of the chief cities of the Riviera; has an active trade in silk, fruits, etc.; and has manufactures of pottery, soap, cloth, gla , etc. The cathedral is a inlaid choir-stalls from the older cathedral, and some exvery good cla ical church of 1598, containing magnificent cellent sculptures and paintings. The harbor was destroyed by the Genoese in 1525. The place was conquered by Sardinia in 1746, but restored to Genoa. It was the enforced 24,481. residence of Pope Pius VII. 1809-12. Population (1881), Savonarola (sä-vō-nä-rōʻlä), Girolamo. Born at Ferrara, Italy, Sept. 21, 1452: executed at Florence, May 23, 1498. An Italian moral, political, and religious reformer. He became a Dominican monk at Bologna in 1475; and in 1482 removed to Florence, where he became prior of St. Mark's in 1491. He brought about a religious revival by his denunciation of the vice and corruption prevalent both in the church and in the state, and was one of the chief instruments in the overthrow of the Medici and the restoration of the republic in 1494. He was for a time virtually dictator of Florence, but incurred the enmity of Pope Alexander VI., whom he had denounced, and was in consequence excommunicated in 1497. He was arrested at Florence in April, 1498, and put to death (strangled and then burned) at the instance of the Pope. Savou, or Savu (sä-vö'). A small island and island group in the East Indies, belonging to the Dutch, situated east of Sandalwood Island and west of Timor. Also Savoe , etc. Savoy (sa-voi'), F. Savoie (sä-vwä'), It. Savoja (sä-võʻyä). A former duchy, now divided into the departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie (which see) in France. It was occupied in ancient times by the Allobroges; pa ed to Rome about 122 B. C.; was conquered by the Burgundians in the 5th century, and by the Franks in the 6th century; and later was part of the kingdom of Arles until 1032, pa ing then under German suzerainty. The rise of the counts of Savoy dates from the middle of the 11th century, and Turin and Aosta were annexed in that century. Savoy was made a county of the empire in 1111; Valais was annexed in the 13th century; and Nice was added in the 14th century. Savoy was made a duchy in 1416; Vaud, Geneva, Valais, Chablais, and Gex were lost 1533-36. Montferrat was acquired in part in 1631 and in part in 1708. Sicily was granted to Savoy in 1713, and was exchanged for the island of Sardinia in 1720, Savoy was made the kingdom of Sardinia in 1720. See Sardinia. Savoy, House of. A royal family of Europe, now the reigning house of the kingdom of Italy. Its members are descended from Humbert the White handed (died 10487), count of Savoy. They have been dukes of Savoy since 1416, kings of Sardinia since 1720, and kings of Italy since 1861. Savoy, The. A former London palace, now a Sawtelle's Peak (så-telz' pēk). A volcanic peak in the Rocky Mountains, in Montana. Dickens's "Pickwick Papers." Sawyer, Frederick Adolphus. Born at Bolton, Ma ., Dec. 12, 1822: died at Sewanee, Tenn., July 31, 1891. An American politician. He was a Republican United States senator from South Carolina from 1868 to 1873, when he became a istant secretary of the treasury, a post which he occupied about a year. Sawyer, Mother. The "witch of Edmonton" in the play of that name by Ford, Dekker, and Rowley. Sax (säks), Antoine Joseph, known as Adolphe Sax. Born at Dinant, Nov. 6, 1814: died Feb. 9, 1894. A noted Belgian-French maker of musical instruments, the son of Charles Joseph Sax, also a well-known instrument-maker (17911865). Adolphe Sax patented the saxhorn, the saxotromba, and the saxophone. Saxa Rubra (sak'sä röʻbrä). [L., 'red' stones.'] An ancient station on the Flam in i an Way, 8 miles north of Rome. Saxe. The French name for Saxony. Saxe (saks), John Godfrey. Born at High gate, Vt., June 2, 1816: died at Albany, N. Y., March 31, 1887. An American poet, journalist, and lecturer. He is best known from his humorous poems, which include "Rhyme of the Rail," "The Proud Mi McBride," etc. He published "Progre " (1846), KH morous and Satirical (1850), Money King and Other Poems" (1859), "Clever Stories of Many Na tions," "Masquerade and Other Poems" (1866), "Fables and Legends, etc." (1872), "Leisure-Day Rhymes" (1875), etc. He was the unsucce ful Democratic candidate for governor of Vermont in 1859 and 1860. Saxe, Comte Maurice de, generally called Marshal de Saxe or Marshal Saxe. Born at Goslar, Germany, Oct. 28, 1696: died at Chambord, France, Nov. 30, 1750. A French marshal, illegitimate son of August us II. of Saxony and Aurora von Königsmark. He served under Marl borough in the War of the Spanish Succe ion, and under Prince Eugene against the Turks; was made a maréchal de camp in the French service in 1720; became titular duke of Courland in 1726; served under Berwick in 1734; captured Prague in 1741 and Eger in 1742; was made marshal of France in 1744; gained the victory of Fontenoy in 1745; gained the victory of Raucoux in 1746; was made marshal general in 1747, and gained the victory of Laffeld and stormed Bergen-op-Zoom in the same year; and captured Maestricht in 1748. He wrote "Reveries" (1757) and "Lettres et mémoires" (1794). Saxe-Altenburg (saks-al'ten-berg), G. Sachsen-Altenburg (zäk's en-äl'ten-börg). A Saxe-Altenburg duchy, one of the states of the German Empire, situated in the eastern part of Thu ring i a. Capital, Altenburg. It consists of two detached parts, the eastern bordering on the kingdom of Saxony, and the western separated from the other by Reu , and bordering on Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. The eastern part is traversed by outliers of the Erzgebirge, the western by spurs of the Thüringer wald. Agriculture and manufactures are flourishing. The government is a hereditary constitutional monarchy. The duchy sends one member each to the Bundesrat and Reichstag. The religion is Protestant. The Altenburg branch of the Ernestine line, founded in 1603, became extinct in 1672, and was followed by the line of Gotha-Altenburg, which became extinct in 1825. Altenburg was a igned in 1826 to the Duke of Saxe-Hild burg hausen, who took the title of duke of Saxe-Altenburg. A constitution was granted in 1831: it was made more liberal in 1848, and has been since modified. Area, 511 square miles. Population (1895), 178,719. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (saks-kō'berg-gō'tä), G. Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (zäk's en-kō'börggō'tä). A duchy in Thu ring i a, one of the states of the German Empire. Capitals, Gotha and Coburg. It consists principally of two detached portions: the duchy of Gotha in the north, surrounded by Pru ia, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, etc., and the duchy Coburg in the south, surrounded by Bavaria and Saxe Me in in gen. Coburg is hilly and Gotha mountainous, containing the highest summits of the Thüringer wald. The leading occupation is agriculture. The manufactures are varied and flourishing. The government is a hereditary constitutional monarchy. The duchy has 1 member in the Bundesrat and 2 in the Reichstag. The religion is Protestant. The line of Saxe-Coburg was founded in 1680, but became extinct in 1699. The title of duke of Saxe Coburg-Saalfeld was a umed in 1735. Its duke was de posed by Napoleon in 1807, but was restored and entered the Confederation of the Rhine. A constitution was granted in 1821. The duchy ceded Saalfeld in 1826, and received Gotha and other po e ions and took the title was sold in 1834 to Pru ia. Area, 755 square miles. Popu of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Lich ten berg (acquired in 1816) lati on (1895), 217,591. Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (saks-gō'tä-al'te s-gō'tä-al'ten berg). A former duchy of Germany. The Gotha line was founded in 1640, and acquired part of Eisenach in 1645 and Altenburg in 1672. The line of Gotha-Altenburg became extinct in 1825. The line of Hild burg hausen succeeded in 1826. See Saxe - Altenburg . Saxe-Hild burg hausen (saks-hild' börg-houzen). A former Saxon duchy, founded in 1680, the ruler of which became in 1826 the Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. Saxe-Lauenburg. See Lauenburg . Saxe-Me in in gen (saks-mi'ning-en), G. Sachsen-Me in in gen (zäk's en-mi'ning-en). A duchy in Thu ring i a, one of the states of the German Empire. Capital, Me in in gen. It consists of a main division bounded by Bavaria, Coburg, Pru ia, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, etc., and several small exclaves. The surface is generally mountainous. It has active manufactures of iron, gla , porcelain, toys, cloth, etc. The government is a hereditary constitutional monarchy. It has 1 vote in the Bundesrat and 2 in the Reichstag. The religion is Protestant. The duchy was founded in 1680; joined the Confederation of the Rhine; and annexed in 1826 Hild. burg hausen, Saalfeld, etc. It sided with Austria in 1866. Area, 953 square miles. Population (1895), 232,818. Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (saks-vi'mär-i'zenäch), G. Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (zäk's en-vi'mär-i'ze-näch). A grand duchy of Thu ring i a, one of the states of the German Empire. Capital, Weimar. It is composed of three main detached portions: Weimar, bounded by Pru ia, Saxe-Altenburg, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, etc.: Eisenach, lying west of Saxe-Me in in gen and Gotha; and Neustadt, separated from Weimar by Saxe-Altenburg. It also contains several exclaves, as Ilmenau, Allstedt, etc. It is partly occupied by the Thüringer wald and spurs of the Rhöngebirge. The leading occupation is agriculture. The chief manufactures are cotton and woolen. The government is a hereditary constitutional monarchy. It has 1 vote in the Bundesrat and 3 members in the Reichstag. The religion is Protestant. The present Weimar line was founded in 1640; Jena was reunited to Weimar in 1690, and Eisenach in 1741. The state was a famous center of learning and literature under Charles August us (1775-1828). It entered the Confederation of the Rhine and was changed from a principality to a duchy in 1806. It received additional territory in 1814-15, and was made a grand duchy. A const i tution was granted in 1816. It sided with Pru ia in 1866. Area, 1,388 square miles. Population (1895), 339, 106. Saxe-Wittenberg (saks-vit'ten-berg). A medieval duchy, part of the old Saxon duchy which was broken up on the deposition of Henry the Lion in 1180. Its capital was Wittenberg. It was merged in the later electorate of Saxony. Saxnot (säks'not). [AS. Saxneát , OS. Saxnót .] In Germanic mythology, a name of the god of war. He is known only from Saxon sources: in Anglo-Saxon he appears as a son of Wodan (Odin). Saxo Grammatic us (sak'sō gra-mat'i-kus). A Danish historian of the 13th century. Little is known with certainty of his personal history, except that he was a clerk, and that his father and grandfather fought under Waldemar the Great. He had the surname Longus, but is commonly known as Grammatic us from his fluent style as a writer. His history, called "Gesta Danorum" or "Hist or i a Danica," is written in Latin, and was undertaken at the instance of Archbishop Absalom, whose secretary he probably was. Parts of the work, from internal evidence, were written before 1202; he is supposed to have died shortly after the year 1208. The history consists of 16 books: the first 9 are purely legendary; the 2 following partly; authentic history begins with the twelfth book. The whole ends with the year 1186. The material for the earliest part was oral traditions, myths, legends, and poems, most of which have else been lost, although a few have been preserved in the original Old Norse form. Among others of the kind it contains the Hamlet ("Amleth") legend, of which it is the single extant source. The oldest edition is that of Kristiern Pedersen, Paris, 1514, according to which all subsequent editions have been printed. The cla ical Danish translation is by Anders Sörensen Vedel (1542-1616), published first at Copenhagen in 1575. Saxon Duchies. A collective designation for the duchies of Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg Goth a, and Saxe-Me in in gen, and the grand duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Saxon Dynasty. A line of German kings and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. It com Saxton the territory, but was overthrown by Frederick Barb a ro a in 1180. "The duchy of Saxony consisted of three main divisions, Westfalia, Engern or Angria, and Eastfalia. The duchy was capable of any amount of extension towards the east, and the lands gradually won from the Wends on this side were all looked on as additions made to the Saxon territory. But the great Saxon duchy was broken up at the fall of Henry the Lion. The name of Saxony, as a geographical expre ion, now clave to the Eastfalian remnant of the old duchy, and to Thu ring i a and the Slavonicconquests to the east." ( Freeman , Hist. Geog., p. 212.) Westphalia fell, as a duchy, to Cologne; the eastern part of Saxony fell to Bernard of As can i a; Bavaria pa ed to the Wittelsbach family. "The duchy of Saxony.. was granted to Bernard of Ballensted [Duke of Saxony 11801212], the founder of the As can i an house. Of the older Saxon land his house kept only for a while the small district north of the Elbe which kept the name of SachsenLauenburg, and which in the end became part of the Hanover electorate. But in Thu ring i a and the conquered Slavonic lands to the east of Thu ring i a a new Saxony arose." ( Freeman , Hist. Geog., p. 213.) This was the later The strife for the electorate between the two branches of Saxe-Wittenberg and Saxe-Lauenburg was decided in favor of the former by the Golden Bull of 1356. On the extinc menced with Henry the Fowler in 919, and duchy of Saxony, the capital of which was Wittenberg. ended with Henry II. in 1024. Sax on land (sak'sn-land), G. Sachsenland (zäk's en-länt). That part of Transylvania which was settled principally by descendants of the Saxons, who immigrated in the 12th century and later. It lies mostly in the south of Transylvania, the county of Hermannstadt forming the main part of it. Saxon Mark. See the extract. In Saxony beyond the Elbe, the modern Holstein, the Slaves held the western coast, and the narrow Saxon Mark fenced off the German land. Freeman , Hist. Geog., p. 198. Saxons (sak's nz). [Usually explained as lit. 'sword-men, from OHG. sahs , a short sword.] 1. The nation or people that formerly dwelt in the northern part of Germany, and invaded and conquered England in the 5th and 6th centuries; also, their descendants. - 2. The English race or English-speaking races. The name is sometimes used for the Lowlanders of Scotland as distinguished from the Highlanders or Gaels, and in Ireland for English men as distinguished from Irish men. 3. The inhabitants of Saxony in its later German sense, including Saxony and the Saxon duchies (which see). Saxon Shore. That portion of the eastern and southern British coast which was exposed to forays of Saxon pirates at the time of the Ro man occupation. The Saxon Shore was guarded by a force of Roman soldiers, whose commander enjoyed the title of Comes Litoris Saxonici, or Count of the Saxon Shore, and whose jurisdiction extended from Su ex to Norfolk. Compare the extract. There is some question whether Frisian or Saxon tribes were not settled on the eastern coasts of Britain before the landing of Cæsar. This theory rests chiefly on the supposed Germanic names of two tribes, the Coritavi and the Catieuchlani; on a remark of Tacitus that the Caledonians were large-limbed and red-haired like the Germans; on the title "Comes Litoris Saxonici," given to the Roman officer who governed the littoral from the Wash to the Adur; and on the fact that the Saxons in the fifth century seem to have found a kindred people already established in East Anglia, since no conquest of that district is on record.