Hornbook

The first book of children instructing them in the letters and first rudiments of a language: a primer; - so called from its being formerly backed with horn, with a view to its protection from ill-usage, . (Manuf.) The substance called horn may be divided into two distinct cla es. First, the branched, bony horns of the stag genus, and the simple, laminated horns of the ox genus and other kindred genera. The first of these kinds of H. is applied to the same pur a guide-book; a manual; an itinerary. poses as bone and ivory, and the manufacture is almost Horn'brook, in Pennsylvania , a P. O. of Bradford co. similar. The other kind of H. , found in the ox, ante- Horn'-bug, n. (Zool.) See LUCANIDE. "He teaches boys the horn-book." -Shaks. -Any rudimentary book; a hand-book; a vade-mecum; lope, goat, and sheep, consists of a number of conical sheaths inserted one into another, the innermost resting upon the vascular membrane covering the bony core. The tip is very dense, and the layers of which it is composed are scarcely distinguishable. This kind of H. appears to consist of coagulated albumen; and there is a regular connection between horns, nails, claws, hoofs, scales, hair, feathers, and even skin. The horns of oxen are the principal ones used for manufacturing purposes; the horns of bulls and cows being preferred to those of bullocks, which are thin and of a coarse texture. The horns of goats and sheep are whiter and more transparent than those of any other animals. In H. manufacture, the first proce nece ary is to remove the core. This is effected by steeping the H. in water for about a month, when the horny sheath becomes so Horn'by, a village of Halton co., Upper Canada, abt. 30 m. S.W. of Toronto. Horn'by, in New York, a post-village and township of Steuben county, about 17 miles south-east of the city of Bath. Horn castle, (horn'cas-sel,) a town of Lincoln shire, on the Bane, 18 m. E. of Lincoln. Manuf . Leather; and has an extensive trade in corn and wool. Pop . 5,720. Horn'-distemper, n . ( Farriery .) A disease inc i- dent to horned cattle, affecting the pith of the horn, which it insensibly wastes, and leaves the horn hollow. Horned, (hornd,) a. Furnished with horns, or pro- jections resembling horns; as, horned cattle. - Shaped like a crescent, or the new moon. Horn'ed-hog, n. (Zool.) See BABYROUSSA. Horn'edne , n. State or condition of being horned. softened that the core can be readily withdrawn. The Horned-owl, n. (Zool.) See HORN-OWL. cores are not wasted, but are afterwards burnt, forming bone-ash, a substance valuable in making cupels for as- saying purposes. They are also used in other ways, for making glue, stiffening for cloth-dre us, and for marare. The solid tip of the H. , after being sawn off, is used for making knife-handles, umbrella-handles, . After being divided into thin lam inæ, the remainder of the H. is used for various purposes. The lower part is frequently used for making combs, while the middle is used for making lanterns, . To prepare the horn for use, it is softened by means of boiling water, and then usually held in the flame of a fire till it gains the temperature of melting lead, and becomes so soft as to be semi-fluid. While in this state, the slitting is per- formed by means of a pointed knife resembling a prun- ing-knife; then, by means of two pairs of pincers, the cylinder, or cone of horn, is opened till it is nearly flat. A number of pieces are then exposed to pre ure be- tween plates of iron previously heated and greased. The degree of the pre ure depends upon the required use of the horn. The thin sheets of H. are then scraped with a blunt or wire-edged draw-knife upon a board covered with hide. After being smoothed and brought to the required thinne , they are polished with a woollen rag dipped in charcoal-dust, a little water being added at times. After being rubbed with rotten-stone, they are finally polished with H. shavings. When H. is to be converted into combs, the pre ure requires to be as slight as po ible, lest, by the breaking of the grain, the teeth become liable to split. Horns for combs are roughly cut by a hatchet or saw to the re- quired shape, and then finished by rasping and scraping. Ornamental H. combs, with open work, are largely manufactured in France. Snuff-boxes, combs, and other ornamental articles, are often made by pre ing H. shavings, after reducing them to a soft state by means of heat. Drinking-horns are made by sawing the H. to Horned-pop'py, n. ( Bot . ) Same as HORN-POPPY, q. v. Horned-pout, n. (Zool.) See HORN-POUT. Horned-toad, HORNED-FROG, n. A lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, family Iguanid a ,-so called from somewhat resembling a frog in its general aspect. All the species are in N. America, and characterized by a more or le circular or oval body, flattened and cov Fig . 1312.- HORNED-TOAD, ( Phrynosoma cornutum .) ered with tuberculated scales; head short, triangular, with prominent vertex, and sharp spines or roughne ; neck very short, and with transverse folds underneath; tail short and conical. The species are found in the S. W. States, California, Oregon, . The best known spe- cies is P. cornutum (Fig. 1312), about 41⁄2 inches long; the general color above is a dusky gray, with black bars and markings; below, silvery white. It pa es the winter in a state of lethargy in holes dug by various ro- dents. Horned-viper, n. (Zool.) See CERASTES. Hornellsville, in New York , a city and railroad center of Steuben co., on the Erie and Cent. N. Y. & W. R. Rs., 60 m. S. of Rochester. Pop . (1897) about 11,100. Hor'nerstown, in New Jersey, a post-village of Mon mouth co., about 16 m. S. E. of Trenton, IMG:content-0614.jpg:[graphic]