INNOCENT, INNOCENT I US

—The name of numerous popes, of whom the most important are:— Innocent I., reigned 402-17; confirmed actions of Synod of Carthage, 416; commemorated in Rom. Church, July_ 28. ported St. Bernard against Abelard and Arnold of Brescia. Innocent III,, reigned 1198-1216; one of the greatest of tae popes; exercised enormous power; as pope and as an Ital. prince he opposed imperial power; enforced his decisions on marriage question on Philip of France and Peter of Aragon, more significant still were his relations with King John and his putting England under tnterdict; promoted Fourth Crusade, 1204, and crushed the Albigenses; d. soon after presiding at the Later an Council of 1216. I. was a statesman rather than a theologian, and under him the papacy reached the height. of its power. Innocent IV., reigned 1243-54: engaged in long conflict with Emperor — Frederick II., carrying on the lofty ideal of power of Innocent III.; had more personal ambition and le loftine of aim than his predece or; promoted study Avignon; a firm ruler, he carried through various reforms, but has sometimes been charged with nepotism, Innocent VIT., reigned 1401-06; tried to summon general council in 1404, which never a embled, Innocent VITITI., reigned 1484-92; un-! succe fully preached a crusade; without ) real ability, and guilty of nepotism: influenced by Cardinal dell a Rovere - (Julius IT.). demned the Jansenists, 1653; largely swayed by his sister-in-law, Donna Olimpia Maidalchini. ried out reforms in papal court, and tried to secure greater simplicity and spiritiuality in Church life; came into conflict with the Jesuits; took some part in politics, opposing Louis XIV. over Declaration of Gallican Liberties, which I. resisted; an unsucce ful attempt was made to canonise him. Innocent XIf., reigned 1691-1700; a reforming pope, tried to abolish nepotism by declaring popes should not give offices to relatives. Sete Old Pretender and opposed the esuits. INNOCENT § DAY, CHILDERMAS, cre of innocents by Herod; Dec. 28., in Rom, Church; considered unlucky.