SAN-HO

[s. 664] : A town in the province of Kwang- SANTALS A people of British India, a remnant of the pre-Hindu Kolarian population, and aries, 5 native workers, 1 day school, and boarding school. China, situated alDout 20 miles N. of Swatow. Station of the PCE (1895), with (1903) 3 mi ionaries, two of them with their wives; 1 Some write place of worship, and 1 dispensary. the name Samhopa. SAN JUAN A town in the island of Porto Rico, of which it is the capital; situated on the N. coast of the island. Chmate warm, but healthful. Station of the Am. Baptist Population, 32,048. Home Mi . Society (1899), with (1903) 2 mi ionaries, one of them with his wife; 1 woman mi ionary, 2 native workers, 2 outstations, 1 place of worship, 2 Sunday schools, and 96 pro Also station of the ELGC fe ed Christians. (1899), with (1903) 1 mi ionary and his wife, 1 woman mi ionary, 1 outstation, 1 place of worship, 2 Sunday schools, and 40 profe ed Chris(1900), with 4 Station also of the tians. mi ionaries, three of them with their wives; 1 woman mi ionary, 1 outstation, 1 day school, 1 boarding school. Station also of the PE, with 1 Station also of the Presbyterian mi ionary. Home Mi . Soc. (U. S.), with (1903) 3 mi ionaries, two of them with their wives, and 1 out The ABS also has Station of the CA. station. tung,: ME an agency here. SAN LUIS POTOSI A town in Central Mexico, situated in the state of the same name, of which it is capital, and about 200 miles W. of Tampico. It Climate, semi-tropical; elevation, 6,000 feet. is an important mining center. Population (1900), with of PN Station the (1873), (1903) 1 61,019. mi ionary and his wife, 5 native workers, 8 outstations, 3 day schools, 17 Sunday schools, and 392 communicant Christians. Also station of the MES (1883), with (1901) 1 mi ionary and his wife, 2 women mi ionaries, 1 native worker, 1 place of worship, 1 dispensary, 1 hospital.: SAN-SHUI-HSIEN A town in Shen-si, China, Station situated 70 miles N. W. of Hsi-ngan-fu. of the CIM (1897), with (1903) 3 mi ionaries, one of them with his wife; 2 native workers, 1 place of worship, 1 day school, 1 Sunday school.: A CRUZ ISLANDS: group in Mela SANTA nesia, lying southeast of the Solomon Islands and north of the New He brides, between longitude 165° and 170° east, and latitude 8° and 12° The Santa Cruz is the largest island. south. Me lanes i an ili ion has labored in these islands since 1870, and now (1900) has 2 male mi ionaries, 1 female mi ionary, 16 native workers, 11 It will be in native churches, 5 day schools. Bisliop Pattes on was murdered on one of these islands in 1871. The Me lanes i an Mi ion lost 4 of its agents (1 mi ionary remembered that and 3 teachers, murdered by the natives) before it was able to effect a lodgment in this group. A SANTA MARIA: town in Brazil, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, about 180 miles W. of Porto Station of the American Church MisAlegre. sionary Society (1900), with (1901) 2 mi ionaries, one of them with his wife; 1 native worker, 1 place of worship, 2 Sunday schools, and 5 profe ed Christians. SANTAL I A A name sometimes applied to that portion of Bengal, India, which is inhabited by Santals, who speak a distinct language called It is in the main coincident with the Santali. It is district known as the Santal Parganas.:: numbering (census of 1901) 1,470,000 in Bengal, and 23,000 in A am. Santal i a, or the land of the Santals, lies on the extreme eastern edge of the tableland of Eastern India, where it slopes down into the Ganges valley of lower Bengal, extending southward from the Ganges at Bhagalpur. In this region two distinct aboriginal tribes reside. The Paharis, of Dravidian origin, live on the hill tops, and were a terror to the whole country until the closing decades of the 18th century, when they were subdued and tamed by the young civil officer, August us Cleveland. As, however, the Hindus were still afraid to occupy the valleys below the Pahari, the government in 1832 encouraged the Santals, who lived further south, to occupy them and the adjoining lowlands, marking off for their use the territory 23° 48’ to 25° 19’ latitude, and 86° 30’ to 87° 88’ longitude, called the Santal Parganas, which became the home of the race. Colonization has taken place to A am and to the Santal pur district, at the foot of the Him a lay as, 250 miles northward. The Santals have very dark skins, round faces, flat noses, large mouths, with protruding lips, and straight black hair. They wear almost no clothing. They are strongly built, simple, tractable, devoid of caste, and, judged by the standards of India, honest and truthful. They are nomadic farmers and are in demand as laborers on the indigo plantations and railways of Bengal, and the tea plantations of A am. The women are notable, if not for beauty, for grace of limb, tho laden with bra rings. They are on a higher plane socially than most heathen women. It is customary for each family to live by itself within an enclosure of intertwined hedge. Santali is a more developed speech than the other Kolarian dialects, but was first reduced to writing by the mi ionaries. Bengali is taught Their religion is ancestor and in the schools. nature-worship, human sacrifices being offered until the extinction of the brutal custom by the Government in 1835. The earliest mi ion in Santal i a was that begun in 1850 among the Pahari, by the Church Mi ionary Society, under Rev. E. Droese, who con British tinued at Bhagalpur for 36 years. Attention was especially drawn to the Santals by their terrible insurrection in 1855 against the extortions of the Hindu money-lenders, which proved Commi ioner a turning-point in their history. George Yule, who restored order, encouraged Droese to open schools among them, obtaining grants for this purpose, and he and his succe ors did much for their material and moral improvement. The CMS opened a mi ion to the Santals in 1859. The following year, E. L. Puxley, a British officer and Oxford graduate, who had volunteered for India, was interested in the Santals by officers whom he had met en route. He opened a station and erected buildings at Taljhari, which he presented to the CMS. In 1868 H. M. Shackell resigned the principalship of St. John’s College at Agra to undertake the same work at Godda. This repeated voluntary effort for the Santals is New staproof of the hopefulne of this field. tions were opened in 1878 at Baharwa and Baghara. The stations named, all in the N. E. of Santal i a, together with Santalpur, where 880 647 Christian colonists are settled, constitute the centers of the CMS Mi ion to the Santals, which in 1901 reported, including Paharis, 4,130 Christians. “The Home Mi ion to the Santals,” founded and led for 35 years by Boerreson, the Danish mi ionary, at Ebenezer, in eastern Santal i a, reported in 1902 11,345 Christians, who are in 1867, already trained to a considerable degree of independent activity. The Free Church of Scotland entered the field in 1871, and has three centers in the S. W. (Pachamba, Tondee, and Chakai), reporting, in 1901, more than 1,300 Christians. The Bethel Mi ion, in the southern section, had enrolled, in According to Warneck 1900, 1,500 Christians. (1902) there are, in connection with these and other small Santal mi ions, 18,000 Christians. Imperial Gazetteer of India, Art. Santals. 665