Population, about 12,000

Agostini (ä-gōs-te'nē), Leonardo. Born at Siena, Italy: lived in the 17th century. An Italian antiquary, appointed inspector of antiquities by Pope Alexander VII.: editor of a new edition of Paruta's "Sicilian Medals," IMG:content-0032.png:[ocr errors] A noted American physician and surgeon, clinical profe or of diseases of the ear and eye in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York city (1869). Agnew, David Hayes. Born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Nov. 24, 1818: died at Philadelphia, March 22, 1892. An eminent American surgeon, appointed in 1870 profe or of operative surgery, and in 1871 of the principles and practice of surgery, in the University of profe or Pennsylvania. Agnew, Patrick. Born 1822: died at Multán, India, April 21, 1848. An English Indian servant, murdered with his companion, Lieu- tenant W. A. Anderson, by the retainers of Mulráj, dewan or governor of Multán. This incident led to the second Sikh war. Agni (ag'ni). [Skt.,=L. ignis , fire.] In Hindu mythology, the god of fire. In the Veda he is the conveyer of the sacrifice, me enger and priest of men, their protector against the horrors of the darkne , the defender of the home. As one of the chief divinities of the Vedas great numbers of hymns are addre ed to more than to any other god. He is one of the three great deities Agni, Vayu (or Indra), and Surya, who preside rеspectively over earth, air, and sky. Agni Purana (ag'ni pö-ränä). A Purana (so named as supposed to have been communicated by Agni to Vasishtha) devoted to the glorification of Siva, but of very various contents, ritual, cosmical, ethical, military, legal, medical, rhetorical, grammatical, taken largely from earlier works. It is quite modern, and has no legitimate claim to be regarded as a Purana. .. Romana, Italy, 1593: died at Rome, 1629. A noted Italian composer, chiefly of sacred music, maestro at the Vatican Chapel (1629). Agostino de Duccio (ä-gōs-tēnō de dö'chiō). Agricola, Johann Fried rich entire size, including the cloistered court, is only 187 by 234 feet, but the building is a gem of Mogul artistic design and execution. (4) The tomb of Itimad ud-Daulah, built under Jehangir, in the early 17th century. By its inlaid work in stone, po ibly of Italian derivation, it marks an epoch in the Indian-Saracenic style. The exterior forms a single story with octagonal towers at the angles, and is surmounted by a square central pavilion with three arcades to a side, widely projecting bracketed cornice, and a domical roof. All the openings of the monument except the central portal are closed by marble slabs pierced in geometrical patterns of marvelous delicacy. (5) The Taj Mahal (which see). Agræ (a'gre). [Gr. αἱ Ἀγραί.] A suburb of ancient Athens extending eastward from opposite the temple of Olympian Zeus over the hills on the south bank of the Ili us. In it lies the Panathenaic Stadium. Agram (ä'gräm), Slav. Zágráb (zäg'räb). 1. A county in the northwestern part of Croatia and Slavonia. Population, 483,259.-2. A royal free city, capital of the crownland of Croatia and Slavonia, Austria-Hungary, situated near the Save about lat. 45° 49′ N., long. 15° 58′ E. It has a trade in wine and grain, and some manufactures, and is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric and cathedral, and of a university. The latter was opened in 1874, and has about 70 instructors and 600 students. It was devastated by earthquakes in 1880-81. Population (1890), 37,529. Agramant (ä'grä-mänt). In Boiardo's "Or lan do In nam or a to" and Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso," the young king of Africa. Agramonte y Loinaz (ä-grä-mon'te è lō-enäz'), Ignacio. Born at Puerto Principe, 1841: killed at the encounter of Jimaguayú, July 1, 1873. A Cuban revolutionist, one of the leaders of the revolts of 1867 and 1868, commi ioned major-general by Cespedes. He commanded the insurgents in Camagüey, and subsequently their entire force. Agraulos. See Aglauros . Agravaine (ag'ra-vān), Sir. In the romances of chivalry, a knight of the Round Table, surnamed L'Orgueilleux (The Proud'). Agraviados (ä-grä-ve-ä'THōs). [Sp., 'the discontented.'] In Spanish history, the adherents of the Hapsburgs in Spain in the 18th century, who opposed recognition of the Bourbons; also, the partizans of an unsucce ful absolutist outbreak in 1826-28. Agreda (ä-grā'тнä). A small town in the province of Soria, Spain, about 60 miles northwest of Sarago a. Agreda, Maria de. Born at Agreda, Spain, 1602: died at agreda, May 24, 16th Spanish mystic, abbe of the convent of the Immaculate Conception at Agreda. She wrote a life of the Virgin Mary, the contents of which she a erted had been revealed to her. It was characterized by Bo uet as indecent, and was censured by the Sorbonne. Agreeable Surprise, The. A farce by O'Keefe, produced in 1781. It contains some peculiarly felicitous blunders in situation and character. An Italian sculptor, noted for his reliefs in glazed terra-cotta. In 1442 he made the reliefs on the façade of the Duomo at Modena. From 1446 to 1454 A-Green. See George - a - Green . where his beautiful façade of the church of San Bernar- he lived in Rimini. From Rimini he went to Perugia, Agrib (ä'greb), or Jebel Ghareb (jeb'el ghä'- dino, with its terra-cottas and party-colored marbles, forms reb). A mountain in middle Egyptia one of the most charming examples of polychromatic N., long. 32° 42′ E., about 5,300 feet high. architecture in Italy. Also Agreeb , Agarrib , Jebel Khareeb , etc. Sophie de Flavigny): pseudonym Daniel Stern. Born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Dec. mand of an enormous army, but is killed by 31,1805: died at Paris, March 5, 1876. A French Agricane (a-gre-kä'ne). In Boiardo's "Orlando In nam or a to," a king of Tatary who is in com- Orlando in single combat. writer. Her works include "Esqui es morales et pol i- Agricola (a-grik'ō-lä), Chris toph Ludwig. "Nélid a," etc. She lived for a time with Liszt, and of her tiques" (1849), "His to ire de la révolution de 1848" (1851), Born at Ratisbon, Nov. 5, 1667: died there, 1719. three daughters by him one married Von Bülow and after- ward Wagner. Agow (a-gou'). A branch of the Ethiopian family constituting a large part of the population of Aby in i a. They inhabit parts of Amhara and Tigré. Agra (ä'grä). 1. A division of the Northwest- ern Provinces of British India. Area, 10,151 square miles. Population (1881), 4,834,064.-2. A district of the division of Agra, intersected by lat. 27° N., long. 78° E. Area, 1,846 square miles. Population (1891), 1,003,796.-3. The capital of the division and district of Agra, situated on the Jumna about lat. 27° 10' N., long. 78° E. It is a military and commercial center, and exports raw silk, sugar, and indigo. It was the capi and the first part of the 17th century, and was captured by the british were beled lati on, including cantonment (1891), 168,662. Among the noted buildings of Agra are: (1) The palace of Akbar, ma ively built of red sandstone, richly sculptured, and exhibiting in its lintel-construction the marks of Hindu influence on the Indian-Saracenic style. (2) Adjoining lies the palace of Shah Jehan, half a century later in date, and forming a strong contrast in its white marble arch i- A German landscape and portrait-painter. Agricola, Cnæus Julius. Born at Forum Julii (Fréjus), June 13, A. D. 37: died at Rome, Aug. 23, A. D. 93. A Roman soldier and statesman, son of the senator Julius Græcinas, and the father in-law of Tacitus. He served first under Suet on i us Paul in us in Britain; in 63 was appointed quæstor in Asia under the proconsul Salvius Titian us; in 70 was raised by Vespas i an to the command of the 20th legion in Britain; and from 74 to 76 was governor of the province of A quit an i a. On his recall he was elected consul and a igned the province of Southern Britain. In seven campaigns from 78 to 84 he pacified the rest of Britain as far as the northern boundary of Perth and Argyll. He was recalled to Rome in 84. Agricola (originally Bauer), Georg. Born at Glauchau, Saxony, March 24,1490: died at Chemnitz, Saxony, Nov. 21, 1555. A German mineralogist, author of a treatise on metallurgy, "De re metallica" (1530), etc. Agricola (originally Sneider), Johann. Born at Eisleben, Germany, April 20, 1492: died at Berlin, Sept. 22, 1566. A German Protestant theologian and reformer, preacher in Eisleben, profe or in Wittenberg, and later court preacher in Berlin. He was a leader of the Antinomians. He published various theological works, and a collection of arabesques and flowers in colored stone. (3) The Pearl Mosque, another notable foundation of Shah Jehan. The Agricola, Johann Fried rich. Born at Dobit- Agricola, Johann Fried rich schen, Saxe-Altenburg, Jan. 4, 1720: died at Berlin, Nov. 12, 1774. A German organist and composer, director of the Royal Chapel at Berlin 1759-74. Agricola (originally Sohr or Sore), Martin. Born at Sorau, Brandenburg, about 1486: died at Magdeburg, June 10, 1556. A German musician and writer on music, musical director at Magdeburg, notable for his attempt to improve musical notation: author of "Ein Kurtz deutsche Music a” (1528), “Music a instrumental is deudsch" (1529), etc. Agricola, Rodolphus (Roelof Huysmann). Born at Laflo, near Groningen, in 1443: died at Heidelberg in 1485. A Dutch scholar, painter, and musician, lecturer on Greek and Roman literature at Worms and Heidelberg after 1482. He was an influential promotor of cla ical studies. His principal work is a treatise "De Inven tione Dialectic a." Agri Decumates. See Decumates Agri . Agrigentum (ag-ri-jen tum). The ancient name of Girgenti: the Greek Akragas ( Ακράγας ). It was founded by colonists from Gela about 582 B. C.. In the middle of the 6th century B. C. it was ruled by the tyrant Phalaris: afterward its government was in turn oligarchic and republican. It was most flourishing in the 5th century B. C., when it was a great commercial center, with nearly 1,000,000 (?) inhabitants. In 406 B. C. it was plun discharges water, and destroyed old Guatemala by floods, Sept. 8, 1541. Aguadilla (a-gwä-rhelyä). A seaport at the northwestern extremity of Porto Rico. Population (1899), 6,425. Aguado (ä-gwä'THō), Juan de. A Spaniard who accompanied Columbus on his second voyage to America (1493), returned to Spain next year and was made royal commi ioner to investigate the affairs of Hispaniola. He arrived there in Oct., 1495, and returned to Spain 1496. Nothing is known of his previous or subsequent history. Agua Fria (ä'gwä fre'ä) Creek. A tributary of the Gila River in Arizona. Ahava gas were murdered by Aguirre and others at Mac hip are, near the present site of Tabatinga on the upper Amazon, Jan. 1, 1561, and Fernando de Guzman (whom Aguirre afterward murdered) was made general with Aguirre as his lieutenant. From this time the expedition became a piratical cruise so wild that it bordered on insanity. The band declared themselves rebels, or marañones, and proceeded down the Amazon, plundering Indian villages, fighting with one another, and committing every horrible crime, reaching the island of Margarita July 20, 1561. There Aguirre murdered the governor and others, robbed the royal treasury, and then made a descent on the main land of Venezuela. He was captured at Barquisimeto, and shot by his own marañones. Agulhas (ä-gölyäs), Cape. The southernmost point of Africa, in lat. 34° 50′ S., long. 20° 1' E., 100 miles southeast of the Cape of Good Aguas Calientes (ä'gwäs kä-le-en'tes). [Sp., Hope. 'hot springs.] A state of Mexico, bounded by Agustin (ä-gös-ten') I. The title of Iturbide, Zacatecas on the west, north, and east, and by emperor of Mexico. See Iturbide . Jalisco on the south. Area, 2,895 square miles. A gust in a (ä-gös-te'nä). Died at Cueta, Spain, Population (1895), 103,645. Aguas Calientes. The capital of the state of the same name, about lat. 21° 55′ N., long. 101° 50′ W. There are hot springs in the vicinity (whence the name). Population (1895), 31,619. Ague-Cheek (ā'gū-chek), Sir Andrew. character in Shakspere's comedy "Twelfth Night," a timid, silly but amusing country squire. Agüero (ä-gö-ārō), Cristóbal. Born in San dered by Carthage, and was rebuilt and received a Syra Luis de la Paz, Michoacan, 1600: date of death cusan colony. In the Punic wars it sided with Carthage, and was eventually annexed by Rome, and became of little importance. For its later history and ruins, see Girgenti , Agrippa (a-grip'ä), Cornel i us He in rich (called Agrippa of Nettesheim). Born at Cologne, Pru ia, Sept. 14, 1486: died at Grenoble, France, Feb. 18, 1535. A German philosopher and student of alchemy and magic, author of "De incertitudine et vanitate scient i arum" (1527), "De occult a philosophia" (1510), etc. Agrippa I., Herod. Born about 11 в. с.: died at Cæsarea, Palestine, 44 A. D. A grandson of Herod the Great, appointed king over the tetrarchies of northeastern Palestine, 37 A. D., and in 41 A. D. over Judea also. He persecuted the Christians, 44 A. D. (Acts xii.), and is said to have died in a horrible manner. Acts xii. 23. Agrippa II., Herod. Born about 27 A. D.: died at Rome, 91-93. Son of Herod Agrippa I., made prince of Chalcis 48 A. D., and king over northern Palestine in 52. He sided with the Romans in the conquest of Jerusalem. It was before him that Paul was brought. Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius. Born at Rome, 63 в. с.: died in Camp an i a, 12 в. с. A Roman commander, of obscure origin, the leading statesman of the reign of August us. He served under Octavius in the Per us in i an war, and in Gaul and Germany; defeated Sextus Pompey at Mylæ and Naulochus 36 B. C.; was consul 37, and ædile 33; served at Actium 31; dedicated the Pantheon 27; was governor of Syria 17; and was tribune with August us 18-13 B. C. He was the father of Vipsania, first wife of Tiberius and mother of Drusus. His third wife was Julia, the daughter of August us and widow of Mar cell us. Agrippa, Menenius. A character in Shak. spere's "Coriolanus." Agrippa Post umus. Born 12 B. c.: died 14 A. D. A posthumous son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa by Julia, the daughter of August us, adopted by August us in 4 B. c., and murdered in prison on the acce ion of Tiberius, probably by the order of Livia. A grip pin a (ag-ri-pi'nä). Born about 13 в. с.: died at Pan dataria, near Naples, 33 A. D. The youngest daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, the daughter of August us: wife of Germanic us and mother of Caligula. She incurred the hatred of Tiberius and Sejanus, and by them was banished to Pan dataria, where she died of voluntary starvation. She was a woman of lofty character. A grip pin a, Julia. Born at Oppidum Ubiorum (named for her Coloni a A grip pin a, the modern Cologne), about 15 A. D.: put to death at the Lucrine Lake, near Baiæ, 60 or 59. A daughter of Germanic us and A grip pin a, and wife of Domitius A he no barb us by whom she was mother of Nero. Later she married Crispus Pa ienus, and, 49 A. D., Claudius whom she poisoned 54 A. D. She was a woman of scandalous life and unbounded ambition and had great influence in the early part of Nero's reign: ting portrait-statue of her in the Museo Nazionale, Naples, Agtelek (og'te-lek). A village in the county she murdered his order. fine sit not recorded. A Mexican Dominican mi ion- ary, who spent the greater part of his life labor- ing among the Zapotecan Indians. He left several works on their language. Agüero, Joaquin de. Born at Puerto Príncipe, Nov. 15, 1816: died there, Aug. 12, 1851. A Cuban revolutionist. He was a planter of moderate fortune and exalted ideas. In 1843 he freed his slaves and took measures to have them educated. Later he endea- vored to bring white immigrants to Cuba. After engaging in the insurrection of 1851, he was captured and shot. Agüero, José Riva. See Riva Agüero , José . A gue eau Agues (ä-ge-sō'), Henri François d', or Dague eau. Born at Limoges, France, Nov. 27, 1668: died at Paris, Feb. 9, 1751. A French jurist, chancellor of France 1717-22 and 1737-50. His complete works were published 1759-89. Aguilar (ä-ge-lär'), Grace. Born at London, June, 1816: died at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Sept. 16, 1847. An English novelist and writer on Jewish history. She was the daughter of Jewish parents. Aguilar, Manuel. Born in Costa Rica about 1800: died at Guatemala, June 6, 1846. A Cen tral American statesman. He occupied various public posts in Costa Rica, represented that state in the A embly of 1828, and was elected president April 7, 1837. He was deposed by Carrillo, May, 1838. Aguilar de la Fronter a (ä-ge-lär' da lä front a'rä). A town in the province of Cordova, Spain, 26 miles southeast of Cordova. Population (1887), 12,451. Aguilas (ä-ge'läs), or San Juan de las Aguilas (sän Hwän da läs ä-gēʻläs). A seaport in the province of Murcia, Spain, 48 miles south west of Murcia. It exports lead, esparto-gra , and soda. Population (1887), 10,042. A guiler a (ä-ge-la'rä), Francisco Xavier. Born Valle Grande, Nov. 23, 1828. A royalist guerSanta Cruz de la Sierra about 1775: died at rill a chief of Charcas (Bolivia), notorious for his cruelty. He received a commi ion as brigadier general, and for a time was military commandant of Santa Cruz. In 1828, with a small force he captured a Spanish post, and proclaimed Ferdinand VII. as king. He was soon captured and shot. Aguinaldo (ä-gē-näl'dō), Emilio. Born about 1868. A Filipino leader of mixed European and native descent. He took a leading part in the rebellion against Spain 1896-98. In January of the latter year he left the Philippines, agreeing not to return. After the battle of Manila, May 1, 1898, he returned with the of the American authorities and established native government, of which he became the head, and collected an army. On Feb. 4, 1899, he began hostilities against the American forces occupying Manila. He was captured in March, 1901. Aguirre (ä-ger'rā), Josef Saenz de. Born at Logroño, Spain, March 24, 1630: died at Rome, Aug. 19, 1699. A Spanish cardinal and theologian, author of "Defensio cathedræ S. Petri, etc. (1682) The Collectio maxima ConcilioAguirre, Lope de. Born at Oñate, Asturias, about 1508: shot Oct. 27, 1561. A Spanish adventurer who early in life drifted to America, and for twenty years led such a scandalous life in Peru that he was known as "Aguirre the June, 1857. The "Maid of Sarago a," noted for her bravery in the defense of that city, 1808-09. Agyia (a-ji'yä). A town in The aly, Greece, at the foot of Mount O a. Population (1889), 2,050. Ahab (a'hab). [Heb. Achab (Gr. Αχαάβ ), father's brother.] King of Israel, according to the traditional reckoning, 918-896 в. с., but according to some scholars 876-854 B. c.: the son and succe or of Omri. He married Jezebel, daughter of Ethbaal, king of Tyre, and permitted the worship of Baal and Astarte in Samaria, alongside of that of Yahveh. By this, as well as by his luxury and wickedne in the matter of Naboth's vineyard, he provoked the anger of the prophets, more especially of Elijah. He engaged in a war with Benhadad of Damascus, whom he defeated in his second campaign, but whose life he spared. No reason for this is given in the Old Testament, and the act was denounced by the prophets. The reason of this act is found in the cuneiform inscriptions where we find that Shalmanezer II. in 854 B. C. fought with the kings of Damascus, Hamath, and with Ahabbu Sirla'a who is identified by most scholars with Ahab of Israel. The presence of the common enemy As syria no doubt induced Ahab to make peace with Benhadad of Damascus. After the disappearance of danger from As syria he made an alliance with Jehosaphat, king of Judah, and carried on another campaign against Damascus, but was killed in a battle at Ramoth Gilead. The Old Testament contains considerable information concerning this period, which is supplemented by the cuneiform inscriptions and the Moabite stone. Ahab continued Samaria as the capital of