The language is Catalan; the religion Roman Catholic

Area, 175 square miles. Population (estimated), 6,000. And over (an'dō-ver). A town in Hampshire, England, 13 miles northwest of Winchester. Population (1891), 5,852. Andréo i made the arrangements near Stony Point, as the representative of Sir Henry Clinton, with Benedict Arnold for the surrender of West Point (Sept. 21, 1780), but was arrested on his return at Tarry town, Sept. 23, and condemned as a spy. (on-drā'). A novel by George lati on (1890), 6,142. emy, and the Abbot Female Academy. Popu Andrada (än-dräʼdä) (än-drä'da), Antonio de. Born about 1580: died at Goa, March 19, 1634. A Portuguese mi ionary in the East Indies and Tibet, author of "Novo descobrimento do Grão Catayo, ou dos Reynos de Tibet" (1626). Andrada, Diogo Payva de. Born 1528: died 1575. A 'Portuguese theologian, sent as a delegate by Dom Sebastian to the Council of Trent. He wrote "Orthodox arum Quæstionum libri X, etc., contra Kemnitii petulantem audaciam" (1564), etc. Andrada, Gomes Freire de. Born in Portu general, a supporter of Brazilian independence. He went to Brazil in 1808; was adjutant-general in the Cisplatine campaign of 1827; commandant of Pará 1831; president and commandant of Pará 1835; and president of Santa Catharina 1839, of Rio Grande do Sul 1841, of Minas Geraes 1843, of Bahia 1845, and again of Rio Grande do Sul 1848. He attained the rank of marshal in the army, and was created baron of Caçapava. Andrea, Girolamo. Born at Naples, April 12, 1812: died at Rome, May 14, 1868. An Italian cardinal and diplomatist. His liberalism in religion and politics (especially his leaning toward Italian unity) led to his suspension (1866) from his dignities by the papal Curia; but he was reinstated after a humble submi ion in gal, 1684: died at Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 1, 1763. Andrea Doria. See Doria . A Portuguese administrator. From 1733 until his Andrea Pisano. See Pisano. ing most of southern Brazil, and the period of his admin- death he was governor of Rio de Janeiro, then compris- Andrea del Sarto. See Sarto . i strati on was the most prosperous in the colonial history of Andreä (än'drā), Jakob. Born at Wai- that country. In 1758 he was made count of Bob a dell a. blingen, Würtemberg, March 25, 1528: died Andrada e Silva (än-drädä ē sēl'vä), José Bonifacio de (generally known as José Boni- facio). Born in Santos, São Paulo, June 13,1765: died near Rio, April 6, 1838. A Brazilian states- man and a noted mineralogist. He took a leading part in the revolutionary movement in Brazil, and on three main ranges) branching eastward into the zuelan Andes. The range rises abruptly from the Pacific coast and contains many celebrated volcanoes. Among the chief summits are concagua or all i man i, amin. Its length about 4,500 miles, its average width about 100 miles, and its average height about 12,500 feet. On eastern slope rise head waters of the Amazon. is rich in gold, silver, and other metals. Andes. In ancient geography, a village near Mantua, Italy, famous as the birthplace of Vergil. Andesians (an-dēʻzi-anz), or Antesians (antēʼzi-anz). A general name for a number of native tribes in the Andes region. Its significance is geographical rather than ethnographical. And haka (an'dha-kä). In Hindu mythology, a demon, son of Kasyapa and Diti, having a you sand arms and heads, two you sand eyes and feet, and called And haka because he walked like a blind man, though he saw well. Siva slew him when he tried to carry off the tree of paradise from heaven. And i jan (än-di-jän'). A town in Ferghana, Ru ian Central Asia, situated near the SyrDaria 75 miles northeast of Khokand. Population, about 30,000. Andkhui (änd-kö'ē), or Andkho (änd-kō'). A town in Afghan Turkestan, 90 miles northwest of Balkh, the seat of a small khanate dependent on Afghanistan. Population (estimated), 15,000. And law-Birseck (änt'läv-bērs'ek), Franz Xaver von. Born at Freiburg, Baden, Oct. 6, 1799: died Sept. 4, 1876. A German diplomatist. He was the author of "Erinnerungsblätter aus 1811-61" (1862), etc. den Papieren eines Diploma ten" (1857), "Mein Tagebuch Ando (än'de). The northernmost of the Lofoten Islands, 35 miles long, northwest of Norway. An do cides (an-dos'i-dēz). [Gr. Ἀνδοκίδης.] Born at Athens, 467 (1) B. C.: died about 391 B. c. An A then i an politician and orator. See the extract. An do cides was banished from Athens in 415, on suspicion of having been concerned in a wholesale sacrilege, the mutilation, in one night, of the images of the god Hermes, which stood before the doors of houses and public buildings. He made unsucce ful application for a pardon, first in 411 B. C., during the reign of the Four Hundred, then, after their fall, in 410, when he addre ed A embly in the extant speech On his Return . 410 to 403 he lived a roving merchant's life in Sicily, Italy, Greece, Ionia, and Cyprus. In 402 the general amnesty allowed him to return to Athens. But in 399 the old charges against him were revived. He defended himself in his extant speech On the Mysteries (so called, because it deals partly with a charge that he had violated the Mysteries Eleusis) and was acquitted. Corinthian war he was one of an emba y sent to treat for peace at Sparta, and on his return made his extant speech On the Peace with Lacedæmon (390 в. с.), sensibly advising Athens to accept the terms offered by Spartas The speech Against Alcibiades which bears his name is spurious. Jebb , Greek Lit., p. 117. Andorra (än-dor'rä), F. Andorre (on-dor'). A state in the Pyrenees surrounded by the de eign affairs. It was by his advice that Pedro I. decided to throw off allegiance to Portugal. He was exiled to Europe Andrada Machado e Silva, Antonio Carlos Ribeiro de. Born in Santos, Nov. 1, 1773: died in Rio de Janeiro, Dec. 5, 1845. A Brazilian statesman, brother of José Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva. He was involved in the rebellion of 1817 at Pernambuco, and was imprisoned until 1821. In the Brazilian constituent a embly of 1823 he led the radicals, and in Nov., 1823, was banished (with his two brothers) to France. He returned in 1828, was elected deputy 1835 and during succeeding years, and was one of the liberal leaders. He was one of the first ministers of Pedro II., and in 1845 entered the senate. He was a brilliant orator, and has been called "the Mirabeau of Brazil." And rade Neves (än-drä'dā nā'ves), José Joaquim de. Born at Rio Pardo, Rio Grande do Sul, Jan. 22, 1807: died at As unci on, Paraguay, Jan. 6, 1869. A Brazilian general, distinguished in the war in Rio Grande do Sul (1835-45), and especially as a cavalry commander in the Paraguay an war (1867-69). In Oct., 1867, he was created baron of Triumpho. Andrá y (on'drä-she), Gyula (Julius), Count. Born at Zemplin, Hungary, March 8,1823: died at Volosca, Istria, Feb. 18, 1890. A noted Hun. gari an statesman. He entered the Hungarian diet in 1847, was appointed governor of the county of Zemplin in 1848, took part in the Hungarian insurrection of 1848-49, re mained in exile till 1857, reëntered the Hungarian diet in 1861, was premier of the Hungarian ministry 1867-71, and minister of foreign affairs of Austria-Hungary 1871-79, framed the Andrá y Note to the Porte in 1876, was a lead ing member of the Congre of Berlin in 1878, and nego tiated with Bismarck the German-Austrian alliance in 1879. Andrá y Note, The. A declaration relating to the disturbed state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, drawn up by the governments of Austria, Ru ia, and Germany with the approval of England and France, and presented to the Porte, Jan. 31, 1876. It demanded the establishment of religious liberty, the abolition of the farming of taxes, the application of the revenue derived from direct taxation in Bosnia and Herzegovina to the needs of these provinces, the institution of a commi ion composed equally of Christians and Mohammedans to control the execution of these reforms, and the improvement of the agrarian population by the sale of waste lands belonging to the state. André (F. pron. on-drā'), or Andreas, Bernard, of Toulouse. A French poet and historian, poet laureate in the reign of Henry VII. of England (the first laureate appointed by an English king), tutor of Arthur, prince of Wales, and royal historiographer. He was blind, but in spite of this misfortune attained a high degree of scholarship. He wrote a life of Henry VII. André, Johann. Born at Offenbach, He e, March 28, 1741: died June 18, 1799. A German composer, musical director, and publisher, author of operas, instrumental pieces, etc. André, Johann Anton. Born at Offenbach, He e, Oct. 6, 1775: died April 8, 1842. A noted German composer, musical director, and publisher, son of Johann André. don, 1751: executed at Tappan, N. Y., Oct. 2, under the suzerainty of France and Bishop of Urgel in at Tübingen, Jan. 7, 1590. One of the chief Protestant theologians of the 16th century, appointed profe or of theology and chancellor of the University of Tübingen in 1562. the principal author of the "Formula Concord iæ," and wrote over one hundred and fifty works, chiefly polemical. He was Andreä, Johann Valentin. Born at Herrenberg, Würtemberg, Aug. 17, 1586: died at Stuttgart, June 24, 1654. A German Protestant theologian and satirical writer, grandson of Jakob Andreä. He was the author of "Menippus," Andreä, Laurentius, or And ers son, Lars. a satire (1648), and works on the so-called Rosicrucians. Born 1480: died 1552. A Swedish reformer, chancellor of Gustavus Vasa. Together with Olaus Petri he translated the Bible into Swedish (1526), and was the principal agent in introducing the Luther an Reformation at the diet of Westerås, 1527. In 1540 he was charged with having failed to disclose a conspiracy against the king, and was sentenced to death, but bought a pardon. Andrea nov Islands (än-dra-ä'nov i'landz). A group of the Aleutian Archipelago. Andreas berg (än-drā'äs-berg), or Sankt Andreas berg. A town and summer resort in the province of Hanover, Pru ia, in the Harz 28 miles northeast of Göttingen. It has important silver-mines. And red's weald (an'dredz weld), or And red's wold (an'dredz wold), modernized forms of AS. And redes weald (än'dra-des weäld). A forest in England which formerly extended through a large part of Kent, Surrey, Su ex, and Hampshire, and is now represented by the Weald. See the extract. The And red's-Wold comprised the Wealds of Kent, Surrey, and Su ex, taking in at least a fourth part of Kent, "the Seven Hundreds of the Weald," and all the interior of Su ex as far as the edge of the South Downs, and a belt of about twelve miles in breadth between the hills and the sea. Lambarde describes the Weald of Kent as being "stuffed with heardes of deere and droves of hogges," and adds that "it is manifest, by the Saxon Chronicles and others, that beginning at Win chelsea it reached at length an hundred and twenty miles towards the west, and stretched thirty miles in braidth towards the north." Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist., p. 104, note. Andree (än'drā), Karl The odor. Born at Brunswick, Oct. 20, 1808: died at Wildungen, Aug. 10, 1875. A German geographer and journalist. He wrote "Nord-America" (1850-51), "Buenos Ayres und die Argent in is che Republik" (1850), "Geo graph is che Wanderungen" (1859), "Geographie des Welt hand els" (1867-72), etc. Andree, Richard. Born at Brunswick, Germany, Feb. 26, 1835. A German geographer and ethnographer, son of Karl The odor Andree (1808-75). His writings embrace a wide range of subjects. And rein i (än-drā-ēnē), Francesco. Lived about 1616. An Italian comedian and author, the leader of a troupe of actors which for some years enjoyed considerable reputation in Italy and France. He wrote "Le Bravure del Capitano Spavento" (1607), etc. And rein i, Giovanni Battista. Born at Florence, 1578: died at Paris about 1650. An Italian comedian and poet, son of Francesco And rein i. He was the author of "L'Adamo," a sacred drama, from which Milton was said to have borrowed several scenes in his "Paradise Lost." And rein i, Isabella. Born at Padua, 1562: died at Lyons, 1604. An Italian actre and writer, wife of Francesco And rein i: author of "Mirtilla," a pastoral fable (1588). Andréo i, or Andréo y (on-drā-ō-sē'), An Andréo i toine François, Comte d'. Born at Castelnaudary, France, March 6, 1761: died at Montauban, Sept. 10, 1828. A French general and diplomatist, author of various military and scientific works. He served in the wars of the Revolution and under Bonaparte, took part in the event of the 18th Brumaire, and was amba ador in London, Vienna, and Constantinople. Andrés (än-dres'), Juan. Born at Planes, Spain, Feb. 15, 1740: died at Rome, Jan. 17, 1817. A Spanish Jesuit and scholar. He wrote "Dell' Origine, Progre i e dello stato attuale d'ogni Letteratura" (1782-99, "On the Origin, Progre , and Present Condition of all Literature"), etc. Andrew (an'drö), Saint. [Formerly also An drow, Andro ; ME. Andrew , OF. Andreu , F. Andrieu , André , LL. Andreas , Gr. Ἀνδρέας , lit. 'manly, from ἀνήρ (άνδρ-), a man.] Lived in the first half of the 1st century A. D. One of the twelve disciples of Jesus, a brother of Simon Peter and an apostle to the Gentiles. He is honored by the Scotch as their patron saint, and by the Ru ians as the founder of their church. He suffered martyrdom by crucifixion. His symbol is the so-called St. Andrew's cro (X). He is commemorated in the Roman, Greek, and Anglican churches on Nov. 30. Andrew I. King of Hungary 1046-60. He carried on wars with the Germans 1046-52, and with his brother Béla. In the latter war he was killed. Andrew II. King of Hungary 1205-35 (12369). He took part in the fifth Crusade in 1217, and "gave his people a constitution which organized a state of anarchy by decreeing in his Golden Bull (1222) that if the king should violate the privileges of the nobility they should be permitted to resist him by force, and such resistance should not be treated as rebellion" ( Duruy , Middle Ages, p. 491). Andrew III. King of Hungary 1290-1301, grandson of Andrew II., and the last of the Árpád dynasty. On the murder of Ladislaus III. (IV.), the Pope claimed Hungary as a fief of the church, and invested Charles Martel, son of the King of Naples, with it, who was, however, defeated by Andrew at Agram, 1291. Andrew, James Osgood. Born in Wilkes IMG:content-0076.png:[blocks in formation] writer, author of works on language, law, pho- nography, and philosophy. Andria (än'dre-ä). A city in the province of Bari, Italy, in lat. 41° 13' N., long. 16° 18' E. It was a residence of the emperor Frederick II. Population, about 36,000. Andria (an'dri-ä). A comedy by Terence (166 B. c.), an adaptation of a play of the same name by Menander. 284 B. c.: died about 204. An early Roman dramatic poet (Greek by birth) and actor, the first writer who "clothed Greek poetry in a Latin dre ." He was brought as a prisoner of war to Rome 272 B. C., and sold as a slave to M. Livius Sal in at or. He was manumitted and earned his living as a teacher of Latin and Greek. For his pupils' use he translated the Ody ey into Latin Saturn i an verse. His plays, also, were translated from the Greek. Andronicus, Marcus. In Shakspere's "Titus Andronicus," the brother of Titus and tribune Andrieux (on-dré-é'), François Guillaume Jean Stan is las. Born at Strasburg, May 6, of the people. 1759: died at Paris, May 9, 1833. A noted Andronicus, Titus. See Titus Andronicus . French dramatist. He was the author of "Les étour- Andronicus, surnamed Cyrrhestes (from his dis" (1787), "Molière avec ses amis" (1804), "La comé- dienne" (1816), "Brutus" (1830), etc. Andriscus (an-dris'kus). A pretended son of Perseus, king of Macedon, and a claimant to the throne, defeated and sent captive to Rome 148 в. с. Androclus (an'drō-klus). Lived in the 1st cen- tury A. D. A Roman slave noted for his friend ship with a lion. According to the story, Androclus was condemned to be slain by wild beasts, but the lion which was let out against him refused to touch him, and it was found that the animal was one which the slave, while escaping from his master in Africa, had found suf- fering from a thorn in his foot, and cured. And rom ache (an-drom'a-ke). [Gr. Ἀνδρομάχη .] In Greek legend, the wife of Hector and, after his death, of Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, and later of Helenus, brother of Hector. She was the daughter of Eetion, king of Thebe in Cilicia, who, with his seven sons, was slain by Achilles when he captured Thebe. And rom ache. A play of Euripi des. See the extract. The And rom ache... is one of the worst constructed, and least interesting, plays of Euripi des. The date is uncertain, as it was not brought out at Athens, perhaps not till after the poet's death, and is only to be fixed doubtfully by the bitter allusions to Sparta, with which it teems. It has indeed quite the air of a political pamphlet under the guise of a tragedy. It must, therefore, have been County, Ga., May 3, 1794: died at Mobile, Ala., composed during the Peloponnesian war, po ibly about March 1, 1871. An American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The fact that he was a slave-owner led to a dispute in the church which re- IMG:content-0077.png:[blocks in formation] Andrew, John Albion. Born at Windham, Maine, May 31, 1818: died at Boston, Oct. 30, 1867. An American statesman, Republican governor of Ma achusetts 1861-66, and one of the most active of the "war governors." He was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1837, practised law in Boston, was a prominent antislavery advocate, was elected a member of the Ma achusetts legislature, and was appointed delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860. Andrew of Crete (Andreas Cretensis). Born at Damascus, 660: died 732. An archbishop of Crete, and a writer of religious poetry. He took part in the Monothelite synod of 712, but afterward returned to orthodoxy. He is regarded as the inventor of the musical canon. Andrew of Wyntoun. Born about the middle of the 14th century: date of death unknown. A Scottish chronicler, canon regular of the priory of St. Andrew's and prior of St. Serf's (1395). His "Oryginale Cronykil of Scotland," in rimed eight-syl. labled verse, was finished between 1420 and 1424. See Original Chronicle of Scotland. Andrewes (an'dröz), Lance lot. Born at Barking, England, 1555: died at London, Sept. 25, 1626. An English prelate and author, dean of Westminster, bishop of Chi chester, Ely, and Winchester, and one of the translators of the Bible (1607-11). He wrote "Tortura Torti" (1609), manuals of devotion, etc. Andrews (an'dröz), Edward Gayer. Born at New Hartford, N. Y., Aug. 7, 1825. An American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was graduated from Wesley an University, Middle town, Connecticut, in 1847, entered the Methodist ministry in 1848, and was elected bishop in 1872. Andrews, Ethan Allen. Born at New Britain, Conn., April 7, 1787: died at New Britain, March 24, 1858. An American educator, editor of Latin text-books and of a "Latin-English Lexicon" (1850). Andrews, James Pettit. Born near Newbury, Berks hire, England, about 1737: died at London, Aug. 6, 1797. An English antiquary and historian. He wrote a "History of Great Britain, etc." (1794-95), "Henry's History of Britain. Continued" (1796), etc. Andrews, Joseph. Born at Hingham, Ma ., Aug. 17, 1806: died at Hingham, May 9, 1873. An American engraver. Andrews, Joseph. See Joseph Andrews . Andrews, Lance lot. See Andrewes . Andrews, Stephen Pearl. Born at Templet on, Ma ., March 22, 1812: died at New York, 419 В. С. Mahaffy, Hist. of Cla ical Greek Lit., 1. 337. And rom ach us (an-drom'a-kus). [Gr. Ἀνδρό μαχος .] A physician of the emperor Nero (called "the elder," to distinguish him from his son), the first to bear the title of "Archiater," or chief physician. He was the inventor of a celebrated medicine and antidote (called from him "theriaca Andro machi"). And rom a que (on-drō-mäk'). 1. A tragedy by Racine, produced in 1667.-2. An opera by Grétry, produced at Paris 1780. Andromeda (an-drom'e-da). [Gr. Ἀνδρομέδη .] In Greek legend, the daughter of Cepheus and Ca iopeia. She was exposed to a sea-monster, was rescued by Perseus, and was changed, after her death, to a constellation. Another myth, seemingly so diverse-the story of the slaying of the dragon by Perseus and the rescue of Andromeda was localised by the Greeks on the Phœnician coast. It proves to be a lunar eclipse myth, ultimately Babylonian, a Greek translation of the Phœnician version of the combat of Bel Merodach with the dragon Tiamat, and the rescue of the moon godde Istar from the black dragon who threatened to devour her.