Barn

[A. S. berern-bere, barley, corn, and ærn, or ern, a close place or repository. ( Agric. ) A building in which agricultural produce is stored, to protect it from the weather, and keep it in safety. In all countries where the climate does not permit the grain to be threshed in the field and immediately put into a granary, it is nece ary to protect it from the weather; and the most obvious method is, to have capacious buildings for that purpose. Accordingly, all well appointed farms have one or more of these buildings, which are often made of such dimensions as to be capable of containing the whole produce of the farm, whether hay, grain, or straw. A great saving may be effected, by the mode of stacking hay and grain in the open air, protected only by a slight covering of thatch. In consequence of this practice, barns may be made of smaller dimensions, and their principal use is to contain the grain in the straw which is intended to be threshed out i mediately; so that if the barn is capable of containing a threshing-floor, and as much grain in the sheaf as is usually put in a single stack; it answers all the purposes of a larger barn; and thus the expense of the farm buildings is greatly diminished. The shape and construction of a common barn are too well known to require a particular description. We shall therefore only give some idea of a very useful building, long since used in Holland, and perhaps not generally known in our country. The Dutch barn ( Fig. 293) consists of a roof supported by strong poles like masts, A A, on which it can be raised or lowered at will. The usual form is that of a pentagon; the poles are at the angles, and kept upright by means The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia of a strong sill on a brick foundation, and pieces, B, acting as spurs, framed into the poles. The roof is light and covered with thatch. At each angle is a strong block of wood, with a round hole in it sufficient to let the poles pa through; these blocks are kept at any desired height by means of iron or wooden pins pa ed through holes made in the poles, and on which the blocks rest. To The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia IMG:content-0534.png:[blocks in formation] raise the roof, a small jack is used, an instrument well known by its use in raising heavy wagons when the wheels are taken off. This is placed on an iron pin at some distance below the roof, and the corners are raised gradually, one after the other, at opposite angles, the pins being moved each time one hole higher. The chief use of the Dutch barn, which is susceptible of great im- prove ment, is to contain hay, which, without obstacle to the circulation of air, may be protected from the wet, in any small quantity, as soon as made; the roof being raised as the quantity increases, and gradually lowered as it is taken off for the cattle, which is always from the top. Barn, n. A young child; -a provincial word in England. See BAIRN. Barnabas, (St.,) ("Son of Consolation,") or JOSEPH, a disciple of Jesus, and a companion of the Apostle Paul. He was a Levite, and a native of the isle of Cyprus, and is said to have sold all his property, and laid the price of it at the feet of the apostles, ( Acts iv. 36, 37.) When Paul came to Jerusalem, three years after his conversion, about A. D. 38. B. introduced him to the other apostles, ( Acts ix. 26, 27.) Five years afterwards, the Church at Jerusa- lem being informed of the progre of the gospel at Antioch, sent B. thither, who beheld with great joy the wonders of the grace of God, ( Acts xi. 20, 24.) He after- wards went to Tarsus, to seek Paul and bring him to Antioch, where they dwelt together two years, and great numbers were converted. They left Antioch A. D. 45, to convey alms from this Church to that of Jerusalem, and soon returned, bringing with them John and Mark, ( Acts xi. 28, 30; xii. 25.) While they were at Antioch, the Holy Ghost directed that they should be set apart for those labors to which he had appointed them; viz., the planting of new churches among the Gentiles. They then visited Cyprus, and some cities of Asia Minor, ( Acts xv. 2-14,) and after three years absence returned to An- tioch. In A. D. 50, heand Paul were appointed delegates from the Syrian churches to consult the apostles and elders at Jerusalem, respecting certain questions raised by Jewish zealots; and they returned after having ob- tained the judgment of the brethren of Jerusalem. At Antioch, B. was led to di imulation by Peter, and was, in consequence, reproved by Paul. While preparing for a second mi ionary tour, Paul and B. having a dispute relative to Mark, Barnabas's nephew, they separated, Paul going to Asia, and Barnabas with Mark to Cyprus. ( Acts xiii. 15; Gal . ii. 13.) Nothing is known of his subse- quent history. When he gave all his estates to Christ, he gave himself also, as his life of generous self-devotion and mi ionary toil clearly shows. He was a beloved fellow-laborer with Paul, somewhat as Melancthon was with Luther. - The festival of St. Barnabas is celebrated in the Roman Catholic Church on the 11th of June. converted Jew in the 2d century, and seems to have been addre ed to the unconverted Jews. It is divided into two parts. In the 1st part the writer shows the un- profitablene of the old law, and the nece ity of the in- carnation and death of Christ. He cites and explains allegorically certain pa ages relating to the ceremonies and precepts of the law of Moses, applying them to Christ and his law. The 2d part is a moral instruction, under the notion of two ways, - the way of light , under which is given a summary of what a Christian is to do that he may be happy forever; and the way of darkne , with the different kinds of persons who shall be forever cast out of the kingdom of God. GOSPEL OF ST. B. ( Theol .) An apocryphal work also as- cribed to B. It relates the history of Christ very differ- ently from the Evangelists, and is believed to be a for- gery of some nominal Christians, and afterwards altered and interpolated by the Mohammedans, the better to serve their purpose. It corresponds with those traditions which Mohammed followed in the Koran. Bar'nabee, n. A name of the insect LADY-BIRD, q. v. Barnacle, n. [Fr. barnachè ; from Lat. pern a , a sea muscle; Gael. bairn each , a limpet.] A shell-fish. See BALANUS, and ACORN-SHELL-A species of wild goose. See BERNACLE. -pl . ( Farriery .) An instrument consisting of two branches, joined at one end with a hinge, to put upon a horse's nose, to confine him for shoeing, bleeding, or dre ing; a horse-twitcher. -pl . A cant word, used in England, for a pair of spec- tacles; probably because, as they were once made, they clasped the nose in the manner of the B. , or horse- twitcher. Barnard, HENRY, LL.D., an American writer, B. at Hartford, Conn., in 1811. He graduated at Yale College, and became chiefly known by his laborious efforts and many publications in behalf of the public-school system. His School Architecture , Normal Schools in the United States , and Education and Employment for Children in Factories, are among the best known of his works. Barna'to, BARNEY, a famous London and South African speculator, who enhanced his notoriety by com- mitting suicide, jumping from the deck of the steamer Scot , bound from Cape Town to Southampton, June 14, 1897. Little is known of the early life of this eccentric but extraordinary man. His real name is believed to have been Barnett Isaacs, and he was born in London, about 1840, of Jewish parentage, and is said to have received instruction from a private tutor instead of attending school. When about 20 years of age he went to South Africa to seek his fortune, and started his career there, according to some, by exhibiting a trick donkey. He began to deal in diamonds, and in five years had earned enough to buy shares in the mines. In another five years his profits were so great that he had money to invest in the gold fields. He was twice elected to the Cape Legislature, but he cared le for politics than for money-getting, in which he succeeded so well that he came to be called "the richest man in the world," and is said at one time to have controlled financial interests worth $500,000,000. About 1895 he went to London, and so boomed "the Kaffirs"-shares of the comparatively new gold mines of the Transvaal- that every man, woman and child that had money to invest bought "Kaffirs," and B. was known as the "Kaffir King," The stock of the Barn a to Bank, capi- talized at $12,500,000, went up to $45,000,000, the $5 shares selling for $23; and B. almost dominated the whole financial world. He had a wife and three children, and lived in grand style in London. In the fall of 1895 he is said to have sent $75,000 to the Lord Mayor for dis- tri but i on among the London poor. For some time previous to his death he had been in impaired health. While walking with a friend on the deck of the Scot , when off the Azores, he suddenly plunged overboard. His body was recovered and taken to London for burial. Barnave, ( bar'ndhv ,) ANTOINE PIERRE JOSEPH MARIE, a distinguished French orator, and a zealous adherent and early victim of the revolution, was B. at Grenoble, 1761. He was the son of a rich procureur . He was chosen a deputy of the tiers - état to the a embly of the states-general, and showed himself an open enemy to the court. The constituent a embly appointed him their president, Jan., 1791. After the flight of the king, he was almost the only one who remained calm. He de- fended Lafayette against the charge of being privy to this step, and, after the arrest of the royal family, was sent, with Petion and Latour-Maubourg, to meet them, and to conduct them to Paris. The sight of their mis- fortunes, and the profanation of the royal dignity, seemed to have made a profound impre ion on his mind. He treated his captives with the respect due to their rank and misfortunes, and from this moment a visible change in his principles was observed. He defended the inviolability of the royal person, and painted the fatal disasters which threatened the state; but from this moment his influence continually declined, and he was entirely given up by the revolutionary party. When the correspondence of the court fell into the hands of the victorious party, Aug. 10, 1792, they pretended to have found documents which showed him to have been secretly connected with it, and he was guillotined Nov. 29, 1793. Bar'neg at, in New Jersey, a post-town of Union town- ship, in the S. of Ocean co., on Double Creek, 1 m. from Barnegat Bay, and 14 S. of Tom's River. This place is largely interested in navigation, and the coasting trade to the south of the U. States. Bar'neg at Bay, in New Jersey, on the E. confine of Ocean co., reaches N. from Barnegat Inlet to the en- trance of Metetecunk river, and is about 23 m. long, and Barnes, WILLIAM, D.D., a learned English philologist and divine, B. 1810. He is the author of A Philological Gram- mar, grounded upon English, and formed from a com- parison of more than Sixty Languages: being an Intro- duction to the Science of Grammars of all Languages, especially English, Latin, and Greek; An Anglo -Saxon Delectus; Notes on Ancient Britain and the Britons, . Barnes, in Ohio , a post-office of Rich land co. D. 1886. Barnes, in Pennsylvania, a village of Sheffield town- ship, Warren co. Barnes' Corners, in New York , a post-office of Lewis co. Barnes' Cro Roads, in Alabama , a post-office of Dale co. Barnes' Store, in Mi i ippi , a post-office of Tish- emingo co. in the management of those transactions with France and England, by which the United Provinces sought to maintain themselves against Spain, whose yoke they had just thrown off. His conduct in the high office of Grand Pensionary of Holland and W. Fries land, which he afterwards filled, not only secured the independence, but restored the trade and improved the finances of the United Provinces. After the election of Maurice of Na au to the dignity of Stadtholder, B. became the champion of popular liberties, and opposed with determination the ambitious designs of the new prince. He was so far succe ful as to have a truce of 12 years concluded with Spain, in opposition to the views of the Stadtholder; and such was the popularity of that measure, that he must have had the advantage over his rivals, if their respective claims had come to be submitted to any a embly of the States; but about this time, the fanaticism of two sects, the Arminians and the Gomarists, raged throughout Holland, and the Grand Pensionary was involved in the ruin of the former. After the condemnation of the Arminians by the Synod of Dort, B. was adjudged to death as a traitor and heretic, by 26 deputies named by Maurice. The sentence was carried into effect in 1619.