art, arte, ars

[In Fr. & Prov. arte; Sp., Port., & Ital. art, from Lat. artem, acc. of ars = art, of which the root is ar = to fit, to join.] [ARTE, v.] A. Ordinary Language: L. Subjectively : IMG:content-0770.png:[blocks in formation] IL. Objectively : The results of such skill or dexterity. Specially 1. The principles of science practically carried out a series of rules designed to aid one in acquiring practical skill or dexterity in performing some specified kind of work, manual or mental. The several arts may be arranged in two groups (a) the mechanical , and (6) the liberal or fine arts. The Mechani cal Arts are those which may be succe fully followed by one who does not po e genius, but has acquired the facility of working with his hands, which long practice imparts. Such are the arts of the carpenter, the blacksmith, the watchmaker, . They are often called trades. The Liberal or Fine Arts are such as give scope not merely to manual dexterity, but to genius; as music, painting, sculpture, architecture, . "But it is a uredly an error to speak of any language as an art in the sense of its having been elabo rately and methodically formed." Darwin: Descent of Man (1871), vol. 1, pt. i., p. 61. 2. Spec.: The visible expre ion of the sublime and beautiful. "A you sand lamentable objects there, In scorn of nature, art gave lifele life." Shakesp.: Rape of Lucrece, 1,374. 3. Anything planned; a device, a project, a scheme of operations. "They employed every art to soothe and to divide the discontented warriors."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. i. 4. Whatever has been made by man, as opposed to what is natural. "Elsewhere we find towns, like St. Petersburg, built on artificial foundations, but the whole country of the Dutch is a work of art . "- Times , Nov. 11, 1876. B. Technically : Mediæval Education : The "arts" signified the whole circle of subjects studied by those who sought a liberal education. Tiris included science as well as art. The seven liberal arts were thus divided 1. The Trivium - viz., Grammar, Rhetoric, and Logic. 2. The Quadrivium-viz., Arithmetic, Music, Geometry, and Astronomy. It is a remnant of this cla ification, which was in vogue as early as the fifth century, that we still speak of the curriculum of arts at a university, and that graduates become bachelors or masters of "arts." "Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation."- Goldsmith : On Polite Learning , ch. xiii. tart and jure. [Eng. art, and Lat. jus, (gen it. juris ) = law, equity.] Arts [ART, B.] and jurisprudence. ( Scotch.) "And thereafter to remane thre yeris at the scules of Arts and Jure, scio that thai may have knawl awlege and understanding of the law is,"- Acts James Ja IV ., 1496 (ed. 1814), p. 288. art and part. 1. Scots Law : Instigation, abetment. "One may be guilty of a crime not only by perpetrating it, but by being acce ory to or abetting it; which is called, in the Roman law, ope et con silio , and in ours, art and part . By art is understood the mandate, instigation, or advice, that may have been given towards committing the crime; part expre es the share that one takes to himself in it by the aid or a istance which be gives the criminal in the commi ion of it."- Erskine : Institutes, Bk. IV., iv. 10. 2. Fig .: Share, participation.