vast importations of the fabricated article at a far lower Cotton velvet

Velvet manufactured of silk and rate of productive cost than could be attained to by cotton mixed, or entirely of cotton. American spinners. The first cotton-mill on the power- Cot'tonville, in Alabama, a post-village of Marshall ca. loom principle was established at Lowell, Ma , in 1822; Cottonville, in low a, a post-village of Jackson co. the nucleus of a system of manufacturing operations, Cotton-waste', n. ( Com.) Refuse cotton-wool. which, even in 1852, had accumulated to 51 mills, giving Cotton-weed, n. ( Bot. ) See GUAPHALIUM. employment to 12,633 hands. The manufacture of cot- Cotton-wood, n. ( Bot. ) See POPULUS. ton goods is no longer confined to the New England Cottonwood, in California, a post-village of Shasta co. and Middle States; for in the Southern States the manuf. -A post-village and township of Tehama co. as well as the growth of C. has become an industry of -A township of Yolo co. vast importance, and is fast a uming still greater pro- -A township of Siskiyou co. portions. In Georgia, especially, rapid progre has Cottonwood, in İllinois , a township of Cumber land been made in C. manufacture. In 1860 there were co. in the U. S. 126,313 looms and 5,235,727 spindles, em- ploying 122,028; and in 1880, 230,223 looms and 10,921,- 147 spindles, employing 181,628 hands. According to the Census of 1890, we had 324,866 looms and 14,188,- 003 spindles, employing 221,585 hands. Our exports of manufactured C. for the year 1896 were valued at $16,837,396, while those of manufactured C. amounted to $190,056,460. The ordinary proce of cotton manufac- ture is as follows: - The raw material, when it arrives -A township of Brown co. -A post-office of Gall at in co. Cottonwood, in Kansas , a township and p.-v. of Chase co. Magnesian limestone quarries exist here. at the cotton-mill, is first taken to the mixing-room. The contents of each bag are spread out in a horizontal layer of uniform thickne , the contents of the several bags forming separate layers. The heap is then trampled or pre ed together. The cotton of which this bing , as it is called, is composed is then torn down by a rake from top to bottom, and a portion of each layer is thus obtained. If the layers consist of different qualities of cotton, a uniform mixture is thus obtained. The quantity raked down is then conveyed to the scutching or willowing machine, where it is dragged through two rollers, transferred to two beaters, which thresh out all sand, seeds, and other impurities; after which it is pa ed through two more rollers and a second set of beaters. The cleansed cotton is then pa ed through the spreading - machine , and afterwards wound in a fleecy state upon a large wooden roller. In this state it is conveyed to the carding - machine (q. v.), where it is drawn out into parallel layers. Each of these layers is made to undergo compre ion in its way to a roller, from which it is given off in the form of a thick, soft thread, into a tin can. This thread is called a sliver . The next stage is termed drawing , and the machine employed is called a drawing - frame. The sliver is pa ed through the drawing-frame, which completes the proce begun by the carding-machine, the fibres of the cotton being arranged longitudinally in a uniform and parallel direction. This drawing operation is repeated several Cottonwood, in Minnesota, a S.W. co.; area , about 720 sq. m. It is intersected by the Little Cottonwood and Watonwan rivers, and by the W. Fork of the Des Moines. Surface, undulating; soil , fertile. Pop . (1890) 7,353. Cottonwood Creek, in California, traverses Shasta co., and enters the Sacramento river about 20 m. below Shasta city. Cottonwood Falls, in Kansas, a post-village, cap. of Chase co., 22 m. W. of Emporia. Cottonwood Grove, in Ill.. a former p. o. of Bond co. Cottonwood Point, in Mi ouri, a post-office of Pemiscot co. Cottonwood River, in Kansas , rises in Marion co.. traverses Chase co., and joins the Neosho river in Lyon co. Length about 100 m. Cottonwood, or Big Cottonwood River, in Minnesota, rises in the S. W. part, flows E., and enters the Minnesota river in Browne co. Cottonwood Springs, in Nebraska, a former post office of Lincoln co.