Hooky

(Slang.) A truant. To play hooky: to absent one's self from school. Hooper, in Nebraska , a post-village of Dodge co., on F., E. & M.V. R.R., 16 m. N. of Fremont; has butter and cheese factory; a shipping point for grain. Pop . (1890) 670. Hoopes'ton, in Illinois , a city of Vermilion co., 100 m. S. of Chicago, on the C. & E. Ill. and L. E. & W. R.Rs.; has grain elevators, brick and tile works, corn canning, clothing and carriage factories. Pop . (1897) abt. 2,200. Hoos'ac Tun'nel. ( Engineering .) A railroad tunnel through Hoosac Mountain, Ma ., in the northern end of Berks hire co., near North Adams, on the line of the Fitchburg R. R. It has a total length of 40 miles, being one of the longest in the world; was begun in 1862 and not completed until 1880, although in partial use after 1875. The Hoosac Mountain forms the "divide" between the Hoosac and Deer field rivers, and has two summits with a considerable depre ion of valley between them. Owing to the rivers on either side presenting the same altitude of level above tide-water, it was found nece ary to depart from the usual method of tunnelling by grading downward on either side from the center, so as to secure proper drainage; and such grade rising about 20 ft. per mile toward the summit level in the heart of the mountain, it accordingly became incumbent upon the engineers to sink a shaft from the top of the mountain to the summit level of the tunnel. At the outset experiments were made to perform the tunnelling by means of machinery; this proving unsucce ful, the use of hand-drills and gunpowder was resorted to, with better results, but at a slow rate of progre . At length it was concluded to employ the Burleigh drill, similar in operation to the drills used in the Mont Cenis tunnel. This device was worked by compre ed air, and consisted simply in a cylinder and a piston. The compre ed air being OSLER S Fig . 2930.-HoOSAC TUNNEL (EASTERN PORTAL). admitted by a hose from the supply pipes, by its elastic force moved the piston quickly backward and forward in the cylinder, making about 300 strokes a minute. Το the end of this piston the drill was securely fastened, and driven into the rock by the strokes of the piston; a ratchet upon the cylinder turning the piston and the drill around a little with every stroke. A pre ure of six atmospheres, or 90 lbs. to the square inch was given to the air which collected in the huge pipes that conducted the air from the compre ing machines into the tunnel. The compre ors were simply air forcing pumps of immense size, worked by water or steam. By this new proce , the work was much accelerated. Hope, SIR JAMES, G. C. B., naval officer, born at Edinburgh, Mar. 3, 1808; educated at the Royal Naval College; became a midshipman in the British Navy (1822); captain (1838). In the operations that led to the taking of Pekin he rendered distinguished services. He was made a G. C. B. in 1865; full admiral in 1870; admiral of the fleet in 1879, and was appointed principal naval aide-de-camp to the Queen in 1873. Died June 9, 1881. Hope, in Kansas , a post-village of Dick in son co., 23 m. S. of Abilene, on A., T. & S. Fé and Mo. Pac. R.Rs. Pop. (1895) 503. Hope Mills, in North Carolina , a post-village of Cumber land co., 7 m. from Fayetteville, on Atl. Coast Line and C. F. & Y. V. R. Rs. Pop . (1895) about 500. Hopkins, JOHNS, philanthropist, born in Anne Arundel county, Maryland, May 19, 1795; received a careful education; entered the grocery busine , retiring (1847) with a large fortune, which he invested in banking and railroad operations; president of the Merchants' Bank and director of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. He founded the Hopkins Free Hospital, Baltimore, expending about $4,500,000 in the work; was also the founder of an orphanage for colored youth, a convalescent hospital, and the Johns Hopkins University (q. v.); this has an endowment of $3,000,000, has attached to it 316 acres of land, and is one of the leading educational institutions of the country. To the University he gave some $3,500,000; and his total benefactions exceeded $8,000,000. Died Dec. 24, 1873.