Channel of Yucatan

It is traversed from east to west by mountains. Its leading industries are the raising of sugar and tobacco. The inhabitants are chiefly of Spanish and African descent; the established religion is Roman Catholic, and the prevailing language is Spanish. From its discovery until 1898 it belonged to Spain, forming with its dependencies a captaincy-general, and sending, after 1878, deputies to the Spanish Cortes. Capital, Havana. It was discovered by Columbus in October, 1492 (and named by him Juana); was conquered by the Spaniards in 1511; was held by the English 1762-63; was the object of various filibustering expeditions from 1849; and was the scene of rebellions 1868-78 and 1895-98. In 1898 it was freed from Spanish domination by the act of the United States. See Spanish - American War. It was proclaimed a republic May 20, 1902. Slavery was abolished in 1880. Length, 760 miles. Average width, 60 miles. Area, 44,000 square miles. Population (1899), 1,572,797. Cub an a can (kö-bä-nä-kän'). A region, or po ibly a village, in the interior of Cuba: so called by the Lucayan Indians who were with Colum bus when he discovered the island. From the similarity of sounds, Columbus, supposing himself to be on the coast of Asia, imagined that this must be the city of Ku blai Khan, the Tatar sovereign spoken of by Marco Polo. Cubango (kö-bang'go), or Tonke (ton'ke). A river in southern Africa which flows into Lake Ngami. Cubas, Antonio Garcia. See Garcia Cubas . Cubillo (kö-Bēl'yō), Alvaro de Aragon. A Spanish dramatic poet, born in Grenada toward the end of the 16th century. He was a volumi nous writer and succe ful dramatist. Cuchan (kö-chän'). A tribe of North American Indians, living in in California near and above the junction of the Gila River with the Colorado. The number attached to the Mi ion agency in California is 997, and at the San Carlos agency in Arizona 291. Also called Yuma or Umah . See Yuman . Cuckoo and the Nightingale, The. A poem which appeared in the printed editions of Chaucer of the 16th century. When first printed it had following it a ballade with an envoy. There is nothing to indicate that they are by the same person. Tyrwhitt, who considered the poem Chaucer's, could not accept the ballade. The weight of evidence is against Chaucer's authorship of the poem. In the Bodleian Ms. it is called "The Boke of Cupide God of Love"; another MS. is headed "Liber Cupid in is." It is based on a popular superstition that he will be happy in love during the year who hears the nightingale before he hears the cuckoo. Cucuta (köʻkö-tä), San José de. A town in Santander, Colombia, situated about lat. 7° 30′ N., near the frontier of Venezuela. Population (1892), about 9,000. Cuddalore (kud-da-lōr'), or Gudalur. A seaport in Madras, British India, situated on the Bay of Bengal, at the mouth of the Ponnar, in lat. 11° 44′ N., long. 79° 45′ E. It was taken by the French in 1758, by the English in 1760, and retaken by the French in 1782; was the scene of a repulse of the English in 1783; and was finally acquired by the English in 1795. Cuddapah. See Kadapa . Cuddy (kud'i). 1. A shepherd with whom Colin Clout conducts his arguments in Spenser's "Shepherd's Calendar."-2. A shepherd in love with Buxoma in Gay's "Shepherd's Week."-3. The name given to an a or a donkey. Cudlip (kud'lip) Mrs. (Annie Thomas). Born at Aldborough, Suffolk, England, Oct. 25, 1838. An English novelist. She married, 1867, the Rev. Pender Hodge Cudlip, then curate of Yealmpton, later vicar of Spark well, Devons hire. Her first novel, "The Cro of Honour," appeared in 1863. Cudworth (kud' werth), Ralph. Born at Aller, Somerset, England, 1617: died at Cambridge, England, June 26, 1688. An English philosopher and divine. He became in 1645 regius profe or of Hebrew at Cambridge, a position which he retained until his death. His chief works are "True Intellectual System of the Universe" (1678), "Treatise concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality" (1731). Cuenca (kwan'kä). 1. A province in New Castile, Spain, lying between Guadalajara on the north, Teruel and Valencia on the east, Albacete on the south, Ciudad Real and Toledo on the west, and Madrid on the northwest. Area, 6,725 square miles. Population (1887), 242,024.-2. The capital of the above province, situated on the Jucar in lat. 40° 4′ N., long. 2° 14′ W. It has a celebrated cathedral, and was formerly the seat of silver manufactures, and noted in lit Culenborg erature. It was sacked by the Car lists in 1874. Most of the interior of the cathedral is of early-Pointed architecture, with finely sculptured capitals, two rose-windows in the transepts, and much good gla . The chapels and furniture are of Renai ance work. Jasper of great beauty and variety is profusely used for ornament. Population (1887), 9,747. 3. The capital of Azuay, Ecuador, situated in lat. 2° 50′ S., long. 79° 10' W. It contains a cathedral. Properly Santa Ana de Cuenca . Population (1892), about 25,000. Cuernavaca (kwer-nä-väʻkä). The capital of the state of More los, Mexico, 47 miles south of the city of Mexico. It was an ancient Indian town, was captured by Cortés before the siege of Mexico, and became his favorite residence. The emperor Maximilian had a country-seat here. Population (1895), 8,554. Cueva, Francisco Fernandez de la. See Fer nandez de la Cueva . Cueva Henriquez Arias de Saavedra (kwā'vä en-rē'keth ä'rē-äs da sä-ä-vā'Drä), Baltazar de la, Count of Cas tellar and Marquis of Malagon. Born at Madrid, 1626: died there, April 3, 1686. A younger son of the seventh Duke of Albuquerque. His titles came to him by marriage. He held various important posts, was amba ador to Germany, councilor of state and afterward of the Indies, and from Aug., 1674, to July, 1678, viceroy of Peru, Chile, and Tierra Firme. His rule was prosperous, he latere surplus reverse IMG:content-0390.png:[ocr errors] the commercial monopolies caused an outcry against him. He was ordered to turn over the government to the Bishop of Lima, and was held in light captivity during nearly years while the charges against him were tried. In the end he was exonerated, returned to Spain, and resumed his seat in the Indian council until his death. Cueva (kwa'vä), Juan de la. Born at Seville, Spain, about 1550: died about 1608. A Spanish poet. His works include "Primer a parte de las comedias y tragedias" (1583-88), "La con quist a de la Bétic a" (1603), "Ejemplar poético" (1605). Cuevas de Vera (kwa väs dā vā'rä). A town in the province of Almeria, Spain. Population (1887), 20,027. Cufa (kö'fä). In medieval history, a city on the Euphrates, near Ctesiphon: a leading city of the califate in the 7th and 8th centuries. Cuffey. 7. A name given to negroes. Cugerni. See Gugerni. Cuicatlan (kwē-kät-län'). A river in south- ern Mexico, in the state of Oajaca; the Rio Grande de Cuicatlan. Cuicatecos (kwē-kä-tā kōs). [From Nahuatl Cuicatl , the dance.] A native tribe of the present state of Oajaca in Mexico. They speak a language distinct from the Nahuatl. Cuitlahuatzin (kwēt-lä-wät-zēn′), or Citlahuatzin. Born about 1470: died at Mexico, Sept. or Oct., 1520. A younger brother of Monte zum a II., the Aztec sovereign. After Monte zum a had been seized by the Spaniards (1520), Cuitlahuatzin was for a time in their power. He was released, and immediately organized an attack on the Spanish quarters, in which Monte zum a himself was killed. Cuitlahuatzin directed the Aztec forces during the Spanish retreat, and soon after was elected sovereign in Monte zum a's place. He died of a pestilence a few weeks after. Cujacius (ku-jā shius) (Jacques de Cujas). Born at Toulouse, France, 1522: died at Bourges, France, Oct. 4, 1590. A celebrated French jurist. He studied under Arnaud Ferrier at the University of Toulouse, where in 1547 he began a course of instruction on the Institutes of Just in i an. In 1555 he was called to the University of Bourges, whence he removed to Valence in 1557. After several changes he returned in 1577 to Bourges, where he pa ed the rest of his life. He wrote commentaries on the Institutes of Just in i an, the Pandects and Decretals, including emendations of the text of legal and other manuscripts, under the title of "Observationes et emend at i ones." An incomplete collection of his writings, edited by himself, was published in 1577. The first complete edition was published by Fabrot in 1658. Cujas (kü-zhäs'), Jacques de. See Cujacius . Cujavia (kū-jā'vi-ä). A division of the ancient kingdom of Poland, situated north and east of Great Poland and west of Masovia. It lies on both sides of the Vistula, south and west of Thorn. It belongs partly to Pru ia and partly to Ru ian Poland. It was annexed to the kingdom of Poland early in the 14th century. Culdee (kul'dē). [From ML. Culdei , pl., also in accom. form Colidei , as if 'worshipers of God' (from L. colere , worship, and deus , a god); also, more exactly, Keldei , Keledei , from Ir. ceilede (= Gael. cuilteach ), a Culdee, appar. from ceile, servant, and De , of God, gen. of Dia , God.] A member of a fraternity of priests, constituting an irregular monastic order, existing in Scotland, and in smaller numbers in Ireland and Wales, from the 9th or 10th to the 14th or 15th century. Culebra (kö-lā'brä). [Sp., 'snake.'] A valley in northern New Mexico, near the confines of Colorado; also, the surrounding mountains. Culenborg. See Kuilenburg . Culiacan Culiacan (kö-le-ä-kän'). The capital of the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, situated on the river of the same name, in lat. 24° 50′ N., long. 107° 20' W., on the site of the Aztec city Hucicolhuacan. Population (1895), 14,205. Cullen (kul'en). A town in Banffshire, Scotland, situated on Moray Firth. Cullen, Paul. Born in County Kildare, Ireland, April 27, 1803: died at Dublin, Oct. 24, 1878. An Irish prelate, appointed archbishop of Armagh in 1849, of Dublin in 1852, and cardinal priest in 1866. Cullen, William. Born at Hamilton, Scotland, April 15, 1710: died near Edinburgh, Feb. 5, 1790. A Scottish physician and chemist. Culler a (köl-yā'rä). A port in the province of Valencia, Spain, situated on the Jucar 23 miles south-southeast of Valencia. Population (1887), 11,713. Culloden (ku-lō'den), or Drum mo ie (drummos'i), Moor. A moor about 5 miles east of Inverne , Scotland. Here, April 16 (O. S.), 27 (N. S.), 1746, the Royalists (about 10,000) under the Duke of Cumber land defeated the Highlanders (about 6,000) under Charles Edward, the Young Pretender. Cullum (kul'um), George Washington. Born at New York, Feb. 25, 1809: died there, Feb. 28, 1892. An American soldier and military writer. He was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1833, and entered the engineer corps; was employed in a number of engineering operations during the Civil War, including the fortification of Nashville, Tenn., in 1864; and was superintendent of the United States Military Academy Sept. 8, 1864, to Aug. 28, 1866. He was brevetted major-general March 13, 1865. He published "Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point" (1868). Cully (kul'i), Sir Nicholas. A foolish, gullible knight in Etherege's comedy "The Comical Revenge, or Love in a Tub."