JELLY-FISH

bell-shaped or disc shaped marine hbydrozoa, embracing Meduses, Ctenophora, and Siphonophora.,} In the Medusee the body is ahaperl ies a bell ou Or a parachute. The body is bordered by a fringe of writhing tentacles, supposed to resemble the snake-locks of the gorgon Medusa—hence the name, ° The animal normally swims with its sub umbral surface downwards. The distinguishing feature of the J.is the misoglos, a diaphanous and gelatinous secretion layer, situated between the extoderm and the endoderm, and developed in great quantity. On the sub umbra) surface is the mouth, bordered by four lips which bear stinging threads. The mouth leads into the stomach. From the stomach the radial canals lead to the edge of the ume brella; these are blue, and in the Aurelia aurita are sixteen in number, eight being ‘simple, and eight branches. These meet a ring canal which runs round the edge of the umbrella, The nervous system follows a ringed course round the umbrella. In the typical Aurelia, the sex organs are seen hanging from the sub umbral cavity in four fans, The muscular system is arranged in a circular formation on the under surface of the umbrella. The muscles contract and the water is thereby pumped from the subumbrella, and the animal is jerked upward. This is the'only means of locomotion. Medu seize their prey by their tentacles; the victim be~ comes paralyzed and is drawn into the mouth. Meduse are either male or female; hermaphrodites are found, but are rare. town, Belgium; French defeated Austrians, 1792; coal center. Pop. 12,500 ™ JENA (50° 54’ N., 11° 35’ E.), town; Saxe-Weimar, Germany. Univ. dates from 1558. Schiller’s Wal lens tein and Goethe’s Hermann and Dorothea were. written here; town also has a ociations with Luther, Fichte, Hegel, Humboldt; Haeckel. Here Napoleon defeated Pru ians, 1806. Pop. 41,000. Fr. Prot. pastor and soldier; fought against the Catholic Planta family; became governor of Val tel line; murdered at Coire. gol emperor, and one of greatest conquerors of world; 6. near river Onon, Mongolia; originally named Temujin; succ, to Mongol throne in 1175; after consolidating the various Mongolian tribes, he twice overran China; conquered Chinese states Hia and Kin, 120814, His envoys to Transoziana having been killed, he started, in 1219, on his great career of conquest; looted Bokhara, and Merv, and conquered Herat and other towns; drove the Turks into Europe, while his armies succe fully ravaged 8S. Ru ia and N. India; d. overrunning China for the third