Bernstorff, Andreas

PETER, COUNT, nephew of the above, and also in the service of the king of Denmark. He was appointed prime minister in 1769, when he ceded to Ru ia the Gottorp part of Holstein in exchange for Oldenburg and Del men horst. He introduced a new system of finance, and prepared the abolition of villanage in Schleswig and Holstein. B. 1735. D. 1797. Bern'ville, in Pennsylvania, å village of Berks co., on Tulpehocken Creek, 12 m. N.W. of Reading. Beroe, ( ber'o -e,) n. (Fr. bérée ; Gr. beron, one of the Oceanide.] (Zool.) The Cydippe pileus , a small marine animal belonging to the cla ACALEPHE, q. v. Berquin, ARNAULD, an elegant French writer, B. 1749. He is chiefly known as the author of L'Ami des Enfans (The Children's Friend), and other interesting works for children. D. 1791. m. E. by S. of Vincennes. Ber'rysville, in Ohio, a post-village of Highland co., 6 m. S.E. of Hills borough. Berryton, in Illinois, a post-village of Ca co., about 30 m. W.N.W. of Springfield. Berry town, in Delaware, a village of Kent co., 14 m. S. by W. of Dover. Berryville, in Arkansas , a post-village, cap. of Carroll co., 44 m. N.E. of Fayetteville. Pop . (1898) 750. Berryville, in Mi i ippi , a village of Scott co., 40 m. E. by N. of Jackson. Berryville, in Mi ouri , a post-office of Pettis co. Berryville, in Virginia , a post-town, cap. of Clark co., on Nor. & West. R.R., 12 m. E. of Winchester, and 60 m. W.N.W. of Washington, D. C. Pop . (1898) 765. Berryer, PIERRE ANTOINE, (bair're-ai,) the most distinguished French advocate of modern times, was B. in Paris, 1790. His father, an advocate of the Paris bar. confided him to the care of the Or at or i ens of Juilly, where he proved a turbulent and indolent pupil, at the same time showing sufficient intelligence and piety to reconcile him to his teachers. It was his desire to become a priest; but yielding to the wishes of his father, he pursued the study of the law with the greatest ardor. Earnestly attached to the cause of Legitimacy, he proclaimed, in 1814, in presence of the magistrates and law students of Rennes, the fall of Napoleon, and mounted the white cockade. A tumult ensued, and the prefect ordered the arrest of the author, who fortunately escaped to Nantes. B. was one of the royal volunteers, who took arms during the Hundred Days, to support the ancient dynasty, and to avert the mischief of a second invasion. At the Restoration he exerted himself energetically to moderate the spirit of Bourbon rule, and defended Marshal Ney. He always pointed out the dangers of reaction. Even in defending the cause of the royalists, he profe ed the maxims of a wise liberty, and protested against every attempt at corruption and vengeance. His pleadings for Lamennais in 1833, for Audrey de Puyravean and Voyer D'Argenson in 1834, and for Prince Louis Napoleon in 1840, breathe the same spirit of frankne and liberality. B. entered the Chamber of Deputies for the dep. of the Haute Loire in 1830, and was the brilliant organ, but not the pa ive instrument, of his party. After the fall of the Bourbons he remained in France to watch over the interests of the dynasty. To prove his fidelity to his party, he paid a visit to Charles X., at Göritz, in 1836, and another to the Count de Chambord, in London. In the republican a semblies which followed the revolution of Feb., 1848, В. confined himself chiefly to questions of finance and ad IMG:content-0600.png:[blocks in formation] of Charlemagne, who makes Milo d'Angles is the father of Roland. Better known is BERTHA, daughter of Burk- hard, Duke of the Allemanni, and wife of Rudolf II., king of Burgundy beyond Jura, who, after Rudolf's death (937), acted as regent for her infant son, Konrad; she afterwards married Hugo, king of Italy; and died to- wards the close of the 10th century. This queen had the character of being an excellent housekeeper, and is repre- sented on seals and other monuments of the time as sit- ting on her throne spinning. Berthier, ALEXANDRE, ( bair'te -ai,) Prince of Neuf- châtel and Wagram, B. at Versailles, 1753. Having ob- tained a commi ion in a regiment of Dragoons, he served in the American revolutionary war, in which he acquired considerable reputation. During the French Revolution he became commandant of the national guard at Versailles, and in this situation he exerted himself to check the exce es of the populace. During the reign of terror he served under La Fayette, and afterwards under Bonaparte, in his first Italian cam- paign. From this time he accompanied Napoleon in all his campaigns as chief of staff; for which pos i- tion he was eminently fitted, though as a general his talents were not above mediocrity. In 1803 he married a Bavarian prince . In 1805 he was created a marshal of the empire, grand huntsman of the empire, and chief of the first cohort of the Legion of Honor. In 1806 he became Prince of Neufchâtel, and in 1809 Prince of Wagram. In 1810 he officiated as Napoleon's proxy in the marriage of Maria Louisa. On the restoration of Louis XVIII. he accepted the situation of captain of one of the companies of the gardes-du-corps. On the re- turn of Napoleon he retired to Bamberg, where, on the 20th of March, 1815, he died by falling from a window, from which he was surveying the entrance of the Rus- sian troops into the town. His death is enveloped in mystery, as it has been a erted by some that he was thrown from the window by force, though it does not appear that there is any sufficient authority for that supposition. Berthier, a N.W. co. of prov. of Quebec, on the St. Lawrence. Area , 9,500 sq. m. It is watered by the A umption and other smaller rivers. Lake Maskin- onge is in the N.E. part of the co. Prod . Flax, oats, and tobacco. Cap . Berthier-en-Haut. Pop . 19,804. Berthier-en-Bas, or BELLE CHASSE DE BERTHIER, a post-vill. of prov. of Quebec, co. of Belle cha e, on the right bank of the St. Lawrence, 24 m. S.W. of Quebec. Berthier-en-Haut, a post-vill. of prov. of Quebec, co. Berthier, on the N. bank of the St. Lawrence, abt. 55 m. N.E. of Montreal. Berthollet, CLAUDE LOUIS, ( bair'tol - ai ,) COUNT, one of the most eminent chemists of his age, was B. in Savoy, 1748, and studied medicine at Turin. He afterwards settled in Paris, where he became intimate with Lavoi- sier, was admitted a member of the Academy of Sciences, and made a profe or at the normal school. He accom- panied Napoleon to Egypt; and, during the Empire, was made a senator and an officer of the Legion of Honor; but he was one of the first to desert his patron, when his fortunes were on the decline; and he received the title of Count from Louis XVIII. His principal work is E ai de Statique Chimique , 1803: but he wrote many other valuable e ays, and also had a large share in the reformation of chemical nomenclature. D. 1822. Bertholle'tia, n. ( Bot .) A genus of plants, order Lecythi daceæ , so named in honor of Berthollet, q . v. The only species known is B. excels a , a tree 100 to 120 feet high, forming large forests on the banks of the Oronoko. Its stem does not branch till near the top, whence its boughs hang down in a graceful manner. Its leaves are undivided, arranged alternately upon the branches, about two feet long, and five or six inches wide, of a brilliant green. Its flowers are yellowish-white, with a calyx having a deciduous border, divided into two pieces, a corolla of six unequal petals joined together at the base, and a very great number of white stamens joined into a thick fleshy ring. The fruit, chiefly known in the trade as Brazil - nut , also under the name of Castanha, Juvia, Para nut , Almendron , ., is a spherical case, as big as a man's head, with four cells, in each of which are six or eight nuts; its shell is rugged and furrowed, and covered with a rind of a green color. The nuts are irregu- larly triangular bod- ies, having a hard shell, which is very much wrinkled, and which is fixed to a cen- tral placenta by their lower end; their seed is a firm almond, of a pure white color, yielding a quantity of oil well suited for lamps; but the kernels are chiefly ex- ported as articles of food. They are delicious when quite fresh, but are very apt to become rancid. Berthoud, or BERGDORF, a town of Switzerland, cant. Berne, on the Emmen, 13 m. N.E of Berne. In the castle here, Pestalozzi laid the foundation of his educa- tional system. B. is the depôt for the celebrated Em- menthal cheese. Pop . 4,675. Ber'tie, in N. Carolina , a N.E. co., at the W. extremity of Albemarle Sound; bounded E. by the Chowan, and S. by the Roanoke River, and drained by Cashie River; area, about 900 sq. m.; surface nearly level; soil fertile; cap. Windsor. IMG:content-0601.jpg:[blocks in formation] Bertrand, HENRI, COUNT, ( ber -tron',) a distinguished French general, and the companion in exile of Napoleon І., в. 1770. Нe would have earned a bright name on the page of history merely by his military achievements during the wars of the first empire, were not those achievements cast comparatively into the shade by the steadfast fidelity with which he clung to Napoleon- aiding that great soldier to gain some of his most splen- did victories, covering him when in retreat and peril, as after the murderous affair of Hanau; following him in his exile to Elba; returning with him to share all the perils of Waterloo, and, finally, the long martyrdom of St. Helena. After the death of Napoleon, B. returned to France, and was wisely restored to all his dignities by Louis XVIII. In 1830, he was appointed commander of the Polytechnic School; and took part, in 1840, in the expedition which brought back the remains of Napoleon to France. D. 1844. Bertrand du Guesclin. See DUGUESCLIN. Bertrand', in Michigan , a post-village and township of Berrien co., on St. Joseph's River, 14 m. S.S.E. of Berrien. Bertrand', in Mi ouri , a village of Mi i ippi co., 18 m. S.W. of Cairo. Bertrand Prairie, in Louisiana , a post-office of Winn parish. Ber'tying, n. ( Naut .) The rising up of a ship's sides. Bervic, CHARLES CLEMENT BALVAY, ( bair vec ,) a French engraver, B at Paris, 1756. His best engravings are: The Laocoon; Education of Achilles ; Rape of Dejanira; and, above all, the full-length engraving of Louis XVI. from the picture by Callet, one of the finest works of the kind ever produced. D. 1822. IMG:content-0602.jpg:[graphic] Beryllium, n. See GLUCINUM. Berzelia, in Georgia , a post-village of Columbia co., IMG:content-0603.png:[blocks in formation] Berzelius, JOHANN JAKOB, BARON, (ber-ze'le-us,) one of the greatest chemists of modern times, B. 1779, in Ost- gothland, Sweden, where his father kept a village-school. After graduating at Upsal, in 1804, he repaired to Stock- holm, where he became an a istant to Sparrmann, who had accompanied Captain Cook in one of his voyages Besieg'ingly, adv . In a besieging manner. "There is hardly a town taken, in the common forms, where the besiegers have not the worst of the bargain." Swift . Beslab'ber, v. a. Same as BESLAVER. slabber. fill for forty-two years. His patient labors and ingenious investigations have done more to lay the foundations of organic chemistry than those of any other chemist. Το him pre-eminently belongs the honor of applying the great principles which had been established by Dalton, Davy, Gay-Lu ac, and himself, in inorganic chemistry, to the study of the laws which regulate the combinations forming the structures of the animal and vegetable king- doms; and of thus opening the way for the discoveries Besmearer, n. One who besmears. Beslob'ber, Beslub'ber, v. α. [ be and slobber , slubber.] To soil, daub, or smear with spittle or saliva. (Used in a vulgar sense.) IMG:content-0604.png:[blocks in formation] Besmoke', v. a. [ be and smoke .] To foul with smoke. To harden or dry in smoke. Besmut', v . a. [A. S. besmytan.] To blacken or befoul with soot. Besnow', v . α . as with snow. Besnuff, v. a. To render unclean by snuff-taking. Besom. (bēʼzom,) n. [A.S. besm, besma , pl. besman , rods, twigs; O. Ger. besamo ; Ger. besen .] A bundle or brush of twigs or rushes bound together for sweeping; a broom. "A proud young fellow came to him for a besom upon trust." Bacon . making is the most important branch of industry. In Be's omer, n. A person who uses a besom. 1875 B. turned out 419,984, and in 1876, 455,968 watches. Besort', v. a. [be and sort .] To suit; to fit; to become. Be emer. See IRON, STEEL. has since undergone many vici itudes. It came, along with Franche Comté, into the po e ion of France in Besot', v. a. To make sottish; to infatuate; to stupefy; 1674. -To beg; to petition; to solicit; to ask. "Before I come to them, I beseech your patience."- Bishop Sprat. Beseech'er, n. A person who beseeches. Beseech'ingly, adv . Ir beseeching manner. Beseech'ment, n. Act of earnestly entreating or be- seeching. Beseem', v. a. [Ger. ziemen, geziemen, to be suited, to behoove; Swed. and Goth. sæma , to become.] To be- come; to be fit; to be fitting for; to be worthy of, or IMG:content-0605.png:[blocks in formation] Beseem'ly, a . Beset', v. a. (pret. and pp. BESET.) [A. S. besettan-be for by , and sett an , to set or place.] To set upon; to sur- round. IMG:content-0606.png:[blocks in formation] "His weapons are the same which women and children use: a pin to scratch, and a squirt to bespatter ." - Swift. -To asperse with calumny or reproach. "Fair Britain, in the monarch blest Bespawl', v. a. [ be and spawl .] To daub or soil with spittle. Bespeak', v . a . ( imp . BESPOKE; pp . BESPOKE, BESPOKEN.) To speak, utter, show, or declare; to addre . "At length with indignation thus he broke His awful silence, and the powers bespoke ." - Dryden. "They started fears, bespoke dangers, and form'd ominous prog- nostics in order to scare the allies." - Swift . To betoken; to show; to indicate by outward appearance. ance in a theatre for the benefit of one of the com- pany; as, "Mi Snivellici's bespeak ." Bespeak'er, n. One who bespeaks. Bespeckle, ( bé -speck'l,) v. α. To mark with speckles or spots. -To entangle; to embarra ; to perplex; to pre on all Bespew', v . a . To daub with spew or vomit. sides, without any means of escape. "Nay, quoth the Cock, but I beshrew us both, If I believe a saint upon his oath. Dryden. Beshroud'ed, a . Shrouded; covered with a shroud. Beside', Besides', prep . By or at the side of; near. "The sweetest thing that ever grew Beside a human door." - Words worth. Bespirt', Bespurt', v. a. To spirt over. (o.) Bespit', v. a. [ be and spit .] To daub with spittle. Bespoke', imp . and pp . of BESPEAK, q. v. Bespot', v. a. To mark with spots. Bespread', v. a. To spread over; to cover over. "His nuptial bed, With curious needles wrought, and painted flowers bespread." Dryden. Besprent', p. a. [O. Eng. besprengyd .] Sprinkled over. "What gentle ghost, besprent with April dew, -Over and above; distinct from. (Generally written be- sides .) "Doubtle , in man there is a nature found, Beside the senses, and above them far." - Davies. -adv. By the side of; placed at the side of; in addition to; moreover; over and above; except; not included in the number. IMG:content-0607.png:[blocks in formation] Be sprinklings, n . pl . Sprinklings of any liquid. Be arabia, ( bes'sa - rai'be -a.) or EASTERN MOLDAVIA, the most S.W. part of Ru ia in Europe, having E. the Dniester, S. the Black Sea and the Danube, W. the Pruth, and N. Galicia. Lat. between 44° 45′ and 48° 40′ N., and Lon. between 26° 95′ and 30° 30′ E.; area , 18,018 sq. m. The N. is somewhat mountainous and well-wooded, but the S. consists of plains, in many "For pointed satire I would Buck hurst choose, The best good man with the worst-natured muse." Bestead', v. a. ( imp . and pp . BESTEAD.) To stead, or fill the place of; to stand in the stead of; to a ist; to serve; to profit. "Hence, vain deluding joys!.... How little you bestead , The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia Bestialize, v . a . To make a beast of; to brutalize. Bestially, adv . Brutally; in a manner below humanity. Bestiarii, (bes-te-air'ee,) n. pl. [Lat.] ( Hist .) Among the Romans, men who fought with wild beasts in the games of the circus. They were either persons who fought for the sake of pay, ( auctoramentum ,) and who were allowed arms, or they were criminals, who were usually permitted to have no means of defence against the wild beasts.