Synesius, who was born at Cyrene in A

D. 378, must be cla ed rather with the school of Justin, Clement, and Origen than with the Christian sophists whom we have been considering in the last few sections. Perhaps he was the only eminent Christian in the fourth or fifth cen tury who ventured to maintain the parallel importance of heathen and Christian literature. He was born a pagan, and was not converted to Christianity till he was about thirty years old. He had been a hearer and sincere admirer of Hypatia, and even after he became a Christian and bishop of Ptolemais, towards the end of A. D. 409, he 33,000. Syra (city). See Hermupolis . Syracuse (sir a-kus). [Gr. Συρακούσαι .] Aprovpulation (1891), 395,797, 1,442,442 square miles. Population (1891), 395,797. Syracuse. [Gr. Συρακούσαι , L. Syracusæ , It. Sira cusa .] ) A city, capital of the province of Syracuse, situated on the island of Ortygia on the eastern coast of Sicily, in lat. 37° 3′ N., long. 150 18′ E. It contains a cathedral (see below) and museum, and some relics of the ancient city are near it. There is a Syro-Phenic i a (siro-fe-nish'a). A Roman province which included Phenic i a and the territories of Damascus and Palmyra. Syrophenicians (siro-fe-nish'anz). In ancient history, either the Phenic i ans dwelling in Syria, or persons of mixed Syrian and Phenic i an descent, or the inhabitants of Syro-Phenic i a. Roman amphitheater, presumably of the time of August us, Syros (si'ros). The ancient name of Syra. formed of masonry on the south side, and in other parts Syrtis Major (ser'tis major). [L., Greater marble remain standing about the arena. The temple of Syrtis. The ancient name of the Gulf of Athene (Pallas), of the 6th century B. C., was famous for Sidra. its wealth, and was plundered by Verres. In the 7th cen- tury it was converted into a church, and is now the cat he dral. The temple was Doric, hexastyle, peripteral, with 14 or 15 columns on the flanks, on a stylobate of 3 steps, measuring 744 by 188 feet. The columns of the flanks are embedded in the walls of the cathedral; those of the front were overthrown by an earthquake in 1693. The two columns in antis of the pronaos survive. Proportions and details are of archaic character. The temple of Diana, so called, probably in fact the temple of Apollo, is a Greek Doric structure of the 6th century B. C., with notably archaic features. It was a peripteros of 6 by 19 monolithic columns, on a stylobate of 4 steps. Sixteen columns and a part of the cella wall are standing. Syracuse was founded by Corinthian colonists about 735 B. c. on the island, and spread over the adjoining part of the mainland, form ing Achradina, Epipolæ, Neapolis, etc. Gelon, ruler of Gela, became tyrant of Syracuse in 485 B. C.; and it became the chief power in Sicily. The tyrant Thrasybulus was expelled about 466, and Syracuse became a democratic commonwealth. It was besieged by the A then i ans under Nicias and Demosthenes in 414-413, the A then i ans being finally defeated with the aid of Spartan allies in 413. It was under the rule of Dionysius the elder about 405-367; was frequently at war with Carthage; was ruled by Dionysius the younger and Dion, and about 343-337 by Timoleon; had Agathocles as tyrant 317-289; and was defended by Pyrrhus against Carthage about 278. Hiero II., its king, was allied with Rome in the first and second Punic wars. It was allied with Carthage later; was besieged by the Romans under Mar cell us 212, captured, and annexed by Rome; and was destroyed by the Saracens in the 9th century. Population (1892), 28,000. did not hesitate to confe in the most candid manner that his doctrines were rather those of Origen than those of Theophilus; and though he declared that his thoughts should never rise in open revolt against his tongue, he conceived himself at liberty to maintain an esoteric faith in accordance with his philosophical convictions, as well as the popular views of Christianity which he preached to his le instructed hearers. Helived to about A. D. 430. K. O. Müller , Hist. of the Lit. of Anc. Greece, III. 344. [( Donald son .) Synnada (sin'a-da). [Gr. Σύνναδα.] In ancient geography, a town of Phrygia, Asia Minor, identified with the modern Eski-Karahi ar. It is noted for its marble-quarries. Synod (sin'od), Holy Governing, of all the Ru ias. A synod which is the highest ecclesiastical authority in the Ru ian Church. It consists of several metropolitans and other prelates and officials-the chief procurator of the synod representing the czar. It was instituted by Peter the Great, in 1721, to supply the place of the Patriarch of Moscow. The last patri New York, situated near Onondaga Lake in lat. 43° 3′ N., long. 76° 13′ W. It stands on the Erie and Oswego canals; was noted for extensive salt-works (among the largest in the country); has varied manufactures and large trade; is an important railroad center; and is the seat of the Syracuse University (Methodist). It was settled about the end of the 18th century; had its present name given it in 1824; and became a city in 1847. Population (1890), 88,143. Syr-Daria, or Syr-Darya. See Sir - Daria . Syria (sir'i-ä). [F. Syrie, G. Syrien, L. Syria , Gr. Συρία , from Σύροι , L. Syri, the Syrians.] A country in Asiatic Turkey, extending from the Mediterranean eastward to the Euphrates and the desert of Arabia, and from Egypt northward to about lat. 36° N. Chief city, Damascus. It includes Palestine (in the southwest), Phenic i a, etc.; but by some Palestine is regarded as distinct. It is traversed by mountains north and south (Lebanon, Anti-Libanus, etc.). The principal rivers are the Orontes, Litany, and Jordan. The inhabitants are Bedouins, town Arabs, Druses, Syrtis Minor (ser'tis minor). [L., 'Le er Syrtis. The ancient name of the Gulf of Cabes. Syzran (siz-räny'). A town in the government of Simbirsk, eastern Ru ia, situated near the Volga 80 miles south of Simbirsk. It has manufactures of leather, etc. Population, 30,580. Szabad (Hung. so'bod), Emeric. Born in Hungary about 1822. A Hungarian-American author and soldier. He was secretary to the Hungarian revolutionary government in 1849, and served in the American Civil War. He wrote "Hungary," "State Policy of Modern Europe," "Modern War," etc. Szabadka. See Theresienstadt . Szechuen, or Sechuen (sa-cho-en'). A province of western China, bounded by Kansu and Shensi on the north, Hupeh and Hunan on the east, Kweichow and Yunnan on the south, and Tibet on the west and northwest. Capital, Chingtu. Area, about 160,000 square miles. Population, estimated, 45,000,000. Szegedin (seg'ed-en). A royal free city, capital of the county of Csongrád, Hungary, situated at the junction of the Maros with the Thei , in lat. 46° 16′ N., long. 20° 10′ E. It is the second city of Hungary. It bas important trade and various manufactures. It was formerly fortified, and was held by the Turks in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was a seat of the Hungarian revolutionary government in July, 1849. It was nearly destroyed by an inundation of the Thei in March, 1879. Population (1890), 87,210. Szegszárd (sek'särd). The capital of the county of Tolna, Hungary, situated on the Sárviz, near the Danube, in lat. 46° 23′ N. It has a trade in wine. Population (1890), 14,325. Sziget (sig'et), or Mármaros-Sziget (mär'mo-rosh-sig'et). The capital of the county of Mármaros, Hungary, situated at the junction of the Iza and the Thei , in lat. 47° 56′ N. Near it is a salt-mining region. Population (1890), 14,758. Szigetvár (sig'et-vär), or Sziget. A town in the county of Somogy, Hungary, situated on the Almás 25 miles south of Kaposvár: noted for its defense under Zrinyi against the Turks in 1566. Population (1890), 5,078. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names aaffe (tä'fe), Count Eduard von. Born at Prague, Feb. 24, 1833: died Nov. 29, 1895. An Austrian statesman, of Irish descent. He was governor of Salzburg 1863-67, and of Upper Austria in 1867; entered the Austrian (Cisleithan) ministry as minister of the interior in 1867; was premier from Oct., 1869, to Jan., 1870; was minister of the interior 1870-71; became governor of Tyrol in 1871; and was again premier 1879-93. Taasinge (ta's ing-e). An island belonging to the amt of Svendborg, Denmark, situated south of Fünen. Length, 9 miles. Pop. (1880), 4,529. Tab (täb). A river in western Persia which flows into the head of the Persian Gulf near lat. 30° N. Tabago. See Tobago . Tabard (tab'ärd), The. An ancient London hostelry, made famous by Chaucer as the house at which his pilgrims a embled before starting for Canterbury. It was situated on the High Street of South wark, near the Kent Road. Stow says in 1598 that it was then "amongst the most ancient" of the "fair inns for receipt of travellers." It received its name from its sign, which was a tabard, or sleevele coat. It was originally the property of the Abbey of Hyde. In 1768 the sign of the talbot (see the extract) was removed as a street obstruction, and in 1866 the inn was condemned, and shortly afterward demolished and a freight depot of the Midland Railway built on the spot. Up to a few years before its destruction it was marked by an inscription [not ancient] which said "This is the Inne where Sir Jeffrey Chaucer and twenty pilgrims lay in their journey to Canterbury anno 1383." The front towards the street was comparatively modern, having perished in the fire of 1676, after which, says Aubrey, "the ignorant landlord or tenant instead of the ancient sign of the Tabard put up the Talbot or Dog."