HAMBURG

free city and state, Germany (53° 33’ N., 10° E.), on N. pranch of Elbe; second largest city of Ger. Empire; greatest seaport and commereial town on Continent. The old town is intersected by canals (Fleete), and is surrounded by fine shaded promenades. To N. lie two wide sheets of water, the Binnene and Au en-Alsier separated by Lombard’s Briicke; fashionable quarter surrounds Binnen-Alster. Docks on both sides ef river cover huge area: part of harbor in a free port. Hamburg trades chiefly with Britain and America, also with Scand in avian, Ru ian, S. Amer.; Eastern, and other ports; chief imports are sugar, tea, coffee, chocolate, lard, rice, wins, herrings, skins, leather, wax, hemp, tobacco; jute, indigo, oils, rubber, coal; chief industries machinery, chemicals, furniture, music a i and scientific instruments, and factories where above imports are treated. Little of mediaeval Hamburg survives Owing to great fire 1842. Among the chief buildings are St. Peter’s, St. Nicholas’s, and St. Michael’s churches, Hamburg has important schools of navigation and commerce, and before Great War had a world-famous zoological garden, Hamburg was founded by Charlemagne 808; in mid-13th cent. formed Hanseatic League with Liibeck and Bremen; made free imperial city 1510; joined Deutscher Bund 1815; ord-Deutscher Bund 1866; Ger. Eme 1871; and Zollverein 1888; great Cholera plague 1892. During World ar Hamburg suffered greatly, its shipping trade, on which it depended largely for prosperity, being destroyed. in early days of revolution of 1918 the city was the scene of a good deal of rioting, and two warships in harbor were blown up. Hamburg state (area; 160 sq.m.) is a republic governed by senate and house of burge es, and after revolution of 1918 constitution was made more democratic. Pop. (city), 985,779; (state), 1,050,359.