George noble

An English gold coin of the reign of Henry VIII., worth about 5s. 8d. sterling, or $1.50. George's Creek, in Illinois, a village of Ma ac co.. about 125 m. S. by E. of Vandal i a. George's Creek, in South Carolina, enters the Saluda river in Pickens co. George, (St.,) a channel separating Great and Little Nicobar Islands, in the Bay of Bengal; it is 15 to 18 m. Jong, and from 3 to 6 wide, extending E.N.E. and W.S.W. George, (St.,) one of the Pribylov Islands, Behring Sea, of granitic formation, rising to the height of 300 ft. above the sea. George, (St.,) ORDERS OF. There are several orders of St. George. Frederick III., Emperor of Germany, founded one in 1470, as a defence against the Turks. The military Ru ian order of St. George was founded by Catherine II., Nov. 26, 1769. It was afterwards neglected, but was restored to its original dignity by Alexander I., Dec. 12, 1801. - The order of St. George of the -A city, port of entry, and the cap. of the above co., on the W. shore of Wingan Bay, a short distance below the Union of the Great Pedee, Black and Waccamaw rivers, 15 m. from the Atlantic Ocean, and about 130 m. E.S.E. of Columbia. Pop . (1897) about 3,000. George town, in Tenne ee , a post-office of Meigs co. George town, in Tezas , a post-town, cap. of William- son co., on the San Gabriel river, about 40 m. N. of Austin. Pop . (1897) about 3,000. Réunion was founded by Joseph Buonaparte as the order George town, in West Virginia , a P. O. of Lewis co. of the Two Sicilies, Feb. 24, 1808, remodelled in 1815 by George'ville, a post-village of province of Quebec, co. Ferdinand I., and received its present name from King of Stan stead, about 62 m. S.E. of St. John's. Ferdinand II., Jan. 1, 1819. The order of St. George of Lucca was established by the Duke Charles Louis, June 1, 1833. The Han over i an order of St. George was founded April 23, 1839. George, (St.,) GULP OF, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, on the E. coast of Patagonia, between Lat. 45° and 47° S., and Lon 65° and 67° W. George's Channel, (St.,) that part of the Atlantic Ocean which is situate between Ireland and Wales, and extends from the island of Holy head to St. David's on the Welsh coast, and from Dublin to Wexford on the Irish seaboard. It is from 40 to 70 m. wide. Georges'ville, in Ohio , a post-village of Franklin co. George'town (now ST. LOUIS DE GONGAGNE), a post village of province of Quebec, co. Beau harn a is, 38 m. from Montre a. George'town, a village of Halton co., province of Ontario, about 29 m. N.W. of Toronto. George town, a seaport town, cap., and on the east coast of King's co., Prince Edward Island, in British North America; Lat. 46° 12′ N., Lon. 62° 33′ W. George'town, in California , a post-village and township of El Dorado co., about 15 m. N. of Placerville. In the vicinity are rich gold mines. George town, in Colorado , cap. of Clear Creek co., on the U. P. and D. & G. R. Rs., 50 m. W. of Denver, 8,452 ft. above tide. Pop . (1890) 1,927. George town, in Connecticut , a post village of Fairfield co., about 14 m. S. by W. of Danbury. George town, in Delaware , a post-village, cap. of Su ex ico., about 36 m. S. by E. of Dover. Pop . (1890) 1,353. George town, in the District of Columbia, formerly a separate city, but now the local name of that part of Washington lying along the Potomac above the mouth of Rock creek. It is situated on elevated ground, dotted with handsome villas, and commanding a superb view of the surrounding country. Here are located the U.S. Naval Observatory, and the George town University (R. C.), besides other public institutions and a large number of handsome private residences. The old part is quaintly picturesque, and contains some notable historic spots. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal cro es the Potomac at G. by a magnificent aqueduct, constructed at a cost of $2,000,000, George town, in Georgia , a post-village, cap. of Quitman co., on the Chattahoochee river, nearly opposite Eufaula, Alabama. George town, in Illinois, a village of Clay co., now called BIBLE GROVE. -A village of Randolph co.; its P. O. is STEELEVILLE. -A post-village of Vermillion co. Pop . (1890) 662. George town, in Indiana , a village of Ca co., about 8 m. W. of Logan sport. -A post-village and township of Floyd co., about 9 m. W. of New Albany. George town, in Iowa , a post-office of Monroe co. George town, in Kentucky , a post-village, cap. of Scott co., on the N. Elkhorn river, about 17 m. E. of Frankfort. George town, in Maine , a post-town of Sagadahoc co., composed of two islands in the Atlantic Ocean, 35 m. S. by E. of August a. Pop . (1897) about 900. George town, in Ma achusetts , a post-town and township of E ex co., about 30 m. N. of Boston. Here are extensive manufactories of boots and shoes, carriage works, and other industries. Pop . (1895) 2,117. George town, in Michigan , a post-township of Ottawa co., on Grand river. George town, in Minnesota , a post-township of Clay co., about 80 m. N.W. of Otter Tail City. George town, in Mi i ippi , a post-village of Copiah co., on the Pearl river, about 40 m S. of Jackson. George town, in Mi ouri , a post-village of Pettis co., on the W. fork of LaMine river, about 37 m. W.S.W. of Boonville. George town, in New Jersey , a post-village of Burlington co., about 9 m. N.E. of Mount Holly. George town, in New York , a post-town and township of Madison co., about 30 m. S.E. of Syracuse. Pop . (1890) 1,172. George town, in Ohio , a post-village, cap. of Brown co., about 100 m. S.S.W. of Columbus. Pop . (1890) 1,473. -A village of Columbiana co., 150 m. N.E. of Columbus. -A village of Harrison co, about 6 m. S.E. of Cadiz. Its post-office is SHORT CREEK. George town, in Pennsylvania , a post-village of Beaver co., on the Ohio river, about 40 m. below Pittsburg. -A village of Lancaster co., about 15 m. S. of Lancaster. -A post-office of Pickens co. George's Mills, in New Hampshire, a post-office of - A village of Mercer co., about 75 m. N. by W. of Pitts- Sullivan co. George, St. See ST. GEORGE. George, St., a town of Belgium, province Liege, 10 m. N.E. of Huy. Extensive coal and iron mines are worked in the vicinity. Pop . 4,214. burg. -A village of North umber land co., on the Susquehanna river, about 40 m. above Harris burg. - A village of Wayne co. George town, in South Carolina , an E.S.E. co., border George'ville, in Mi ouri , a post-office of Ray co. Georgia (Pers. Gurdjistan; Ru . Grusia ; anc. Iberia,) a country of W. Asia, and formerly the center of a mon. archy of some extent, but now a part of Ru ian Transcaucasia, embracing a considerable portion of the isthmus between the Caspian and Black seas; extending from Lat. 40° to 42° 30′ N., and Lon. 43° 20′ to 46° 50′ E.; separated on the N. by the central chain of the Caucasus from Cir ca ia; E. by the Alazan and Kurak (two tributaries of the Kur), from Skehin and Gulistan; S. and S.W. by the Kapan mountains from Armenia; and W. from I merit i a, by a transverse Caucasian range. Thus surrounded on three sides by mountain-ranges, G. is in a great measure shut out from communication with the neighboring countries, there being but one pa either acro the Caucasus into Cir ca ia, or acro the W. range into I merit i a. Length, N.W. to S.E. abt. 175 m.; average breadth, from 100 to 110 m. Area , estimated at 18,000 sq. m. Desc. The surface is mostly mountainous, consisting of table-lands and terraces, forming a portion of the S. and more gradual slope of the Caucasus. The country, however, slopes from the S. and W. as well as the N. to the centre and S.E., which are occupied by the valley of the Kur, an undulating plain of considerable extent and great fertility. Between the mountain-ranges there are also numerous fertile valleys covered with fine forests, dense underwood, and rich pasturages watered by many rivulets. Rivers . All the streams have more or le an E. course. The principal is the Kur or Mthwari (anc. Cyrus). This river rises in the range of Ararat, a little N.W. of Kars. Its principal affluents are the Aragwi from the N., which unites with it at Mtskethi, the ancient cap. of E., abt. 10 m. N.W. of Tiflis; and the Aras (anc. Araxes ) from the S. Clim. Generally healthy and temperate, being much warmer than that of Cir ca ia, or the other countries on the N. slope of the Caucasus. Soil . Very fertile, producing the cereals, rice, maize, millet, lentils, madder, hemp, flax, cotton, wine, and fruits (especially fine melons and pomegranates). Min . Iron, coal, naphtha, . Zool . Deer, antelopes, wild goats, bears, jackals, lynxes, wild boars, .; game is very abundant; domestic animals of all kinds are reared, the horses and horned cattle equalling the best European breeds in size and beauty, while the long-tailed sheep yield excellent wool. Manuf . Coarse woollens, cottons, and silk fabrics, leather, shagreen, fire-arms, . Inhab . The Georgian women, though not generally reckoned handsome in Europe, have long enjoyed the highest reputation for beauty in the East; the men are also, on the whole, well formed and handsome. Until lately, the harems of the rich Moslems of Turkey and Persia have been wholly or principally supplied by female slaves brought from G., Cir ca ia, and the adjoining provs.; and they also furnished male slaves to supply the Egyptian corps of mamelukes, and various other bodies, with recruits. In modern times, the Georgians have been divided, with the exception of a few free commoners, into the two great cla es of the nobles and their va als and slaves. Religion . Greek Church; little or no education prevails, the clergy themselves being generally very Ignorant. Cap . Tiflis. Pop . (1897) about 605,000. Georgia, New, or SOUTH GEORGIA, an island in the S. Atlantic Ocean; Lat. 54° 30′ S., Lon. 37° W. It is 90 m. long, by 30 broad. Georgia, in Georgia , a district of Clarke co. Georgia, in Indiana , a post-office of Lawrence co. Georgia, in Vermont , a post-township of Franklin co., on Lake Cham plain. Georgia, one of the United States of America, and the most southerly of the thirteen origin a' States of the Union; between Lat. 30° 22′ and 35° N., and Lon. 81° and 85° 30' W.; having N. Tenne ee, and a small portion of N Carolina; N.E. and E., S. Carolina and the Atlantic; S., Florida; and W., Alabama. Extreme length, N. to S., 320 m.: maximum breadth, 254. Area , 58,000 sq. m., or 37,120,000 acres. DESC. The coast-line of this State extends abt. 100 m., and is skirted by a series of low, flat, sandy islands, leaving but four navigable entrances, viz., at Savannah, Darien, Brunswick, and St. Mary's. The mainland for about 50 m. into the interior is perfectly level; and for several miles from the sea-board consists of a salt marsh of recent alluvion; the whole of the flat country is intersected by swamps, which are estimated to constitute one-tenth part of the whole State. The Okefinoke Swamp, 50 m. long by 30 broad, and 180 m. in circumference, lies at some distance inland, upon the borders of, and partly within, Florida, This swamp is regularly inundated during the rainy season. At the extremity of the low country there is a barren sandy tract of rather greater elevation, which extends N. as far as the river falls, and is generally regarded as dividing the upper from the lower country. Farther N. the surface becomes gradually more hilly and broken, and the N. extremity of the State comprises chain, which here rise to about 1,500 ft. above the level of the Atlantic. There are only three harbors on the coast capable of receiving ve els exceeding 100 tons burden, viz., those formed by the mouths of the rivers Savannah, Altamaha, and St. Mary's. Rivers, . The Savannah, the Altamaha, and CONSTITUTION. the St. Mary's, Fig. 1144.-SEAL OF THE STATE. q. v. Besides these three great rivers, the Ogeechee, flowing S.E. abt. 200 m., is navigable for ve els of smali tonnage for a distance of 30 to 40 m., and for keel-boats to Louisville. The San till a and St. Mary's drain the S.E. counties, and the Flint, Ocklockonee, and Suwanee with their branches, the S.W. The Flint, an affluent of the Chattahoochee, is abt. 300 m. in length, and is navigable to Albany for steamers. The Coosa and Tall a poos a (headwaters of the Alabama), and the Hi a was see (one of the sources of the Tenne ee), take their rise in the N. of this State. Soil . The soil of G. is, for the most part, highly productive. In the low country and the sea islands, it consists of a light gray sand, gradually becoming darker and more gravelly toward the interior. Farther N. it is a black loam mixed with red earth, called the mulatto soil ; this is succeeded in the more remote districts by a rich black mould of superior fertility. Clim. dc. As the elevation of the N. part of the State is estimated at from 1,200 to 1.500 ft. above the level of the islands on the coast, a difference of more than 70 is estimated to exist between the mean temperature of the two extreme points. The N. parts are very healthy, and the winters mild; frost and snow frequently occur, but are not severe or of long continuance. Hurricanes and thunder-storms frequently occur in the fall, at which season the agriculturists and planters generally remove either to the islands, or the most N. districts of the State. In the low region the thermometer usually ranges during the summer from 76° to 90° Fahr., but it has been known to stand as high as 102° Fahr. Vegeta tion. The tops of the hills are mostly crowned with forests, composed chiefly of the pine, palmetto, oak, ash, cypre , hickory, black walnut, mulberry, and cedar trees. The growth along the riparian bottoms is of canes, cypre , magnolia ( glauca and grandiflora ), gumwoods of different species, including the liquid-amber tree, oaks, tulip, sweet bay, and many other genera; while upon the sandy lands pines and scrub oaks form almost the sole arborescence. Agric . Prod . Cotton, wheat, and other European grains, maize, tobacco, the sugar-cane, indigo, rice, . The coast islands were formerly covered with extensive pine-barrens; but, for several years previous to the period of the civil war, they yielded large quantities of the fine description of long-staple cotton known as sea-island. The proportion of productive land is much greater in the hilly country than in the plains. In 1890 G. had 171,071 farms, embracing 25,200,438 acres, of which 9,582,866 were improved, and 15,617,569 unimproved land, the estimated value of farming property being $157,771,208, of live stock $31,477,990, of farm products $83,371,482. There are in the State (including water, .) about 12,000,000 acres of wild lands, much of it mountainous and covered with a heavy growth of timber, the soil here, when cleared and cultivated, being capable of yielding good trops and well adapted to fruit growing. In other sections these lands are flat and swampy, and of little value except for their timber, which embraces much cypre . The larger portion of the unimproved lands are susceptible of high cultivation, and capable of growing remunerative crops. The yellow pine is one of the most valuable products of the State, and among its largest and most profitable industries are the cutting of pine lumber and the manufacture of turpentine, Savannah and Brunswick being the largest markets for naval stores in the world. Of late years the large Northern demand for early fruits has given rise to an extended cultivation of oranges, lemons, pineapples, bananas and olives in the southern section, while peaches, grapes and melons are raised in great quantities. In the north apples yield well, and pears, cherries, strawberries, and other fruits are widely grown. Other crops of a general character include white and sweet potatoes, tobacco, sugar-cane, peanuts, . The leading cereal products are Indian corn, oats and wheat, the 1895 harvest yielding 42,179,481 bushels corn, 6,679,048 oats, and 1,330,706 wheat. In the production of cotton G. ranks (in common with Mi i ippi) second, the product of each state averaging about 1,200,000 bales.Manuf. In the manufacture of cotton goods G. has made highly encouraging progre since the Civil War. In 1880 she had 198,656 spindles, and used 33,757,199 lbs. of cotton. In 1890 she had 524,244 spindles and used in manufacture 69,1:39,410 lbs. of cotton, the value of cotton | products increasing 85 per cent. in the decade, while the cost of manufacture was 9.64 cents per pound, as compared with 1074 cents in New England. This progre still continues at a rapid rate of increase. Other articles of manufacture are woollens, iron and steel, lumber ., the value of lumber and mill products $4,242,255. Railroads, . The State po e ed in 1880, 2,459 miles of railroad; in 1890, 4,263 miles; and in 1897, 5,370 miles. Its six navigable rivers, with the estuaries and sounds along much of its coast, yield a total of several you sand miles of waterway. Two canals are projected, one from the Fliut to the Ocmulgee river, which would permit inland navigation from the waters of the Atlantic to those of the Gulf; the other from the Ocmulgee to the Tenne ee. - Geol. and Min. In G. the older limestones are confined to the N. portion of the State, through which they are somewhat liberally distributed. They occur as marble of good quality in the counties of Gilmer, Hall, White, Cherokee, and Habersham, and in varying forms in the more W. counties, the marbles being practically inexhaustible in quantity. The most eastern development of the great cretaceous bed of Alabama and Mi i ippi, is found in the counties of Muscogee, Marion and Stewart, manifesting itself as the well-known rotten limestone. Immense beds of almost unaltered shells are found in the central part of the State, within 20 or 25 m. of the gnei and sandstone belt. The marl beds of the tertiary period in G., with the foregoing exception, are similar, as far as is known, to those of South Carolina, both in location and character. The mineralogical resources of this State are, as yet, but only partially developed; gold has been found in considerable quantities in its N. districts. There is yet much room for the Fig . 1145.-SAVANNAH IN 1850. vigorous and intelligent prosecution of alluvial mining in G .; the surface of a great part of the country being abrupt, and the auriferous rocks subjected by nature to much dislocation and atmospheric exposure; hence, not only the beds of the rivers, but the outlying detritus of their valleys, will unquestionably give large returns to the new and powerful hydraulic and other improved appliances now in use for mining purposes. Near the junction of the limestone with the metamorphic rocks immense deposits of iron are found, in the latter ranging N. E. from the S. E. corner of Ca through Cherokee co. Copper and coal also exist, the latter in extensive deposits, and there are several valuable mineral springs. Good millstone is met with in the central counties and various other valuable minerals are plentifully found. Zool . Bears and deer inhabit the forest lands, alligators infest the swamps and entrances of the rivers, the reptile species are well represented, and honey-bees are very numerous in the S. portion of the IMG:content-0346.png:[blocks in formation] The principal cities and towns are Savannah, August a, Atlanta (capital), Milledgeville (former capital), Macon (once the capital), Columbus, Rome, Athens, Newton, Brunswick, and St. Mary's.-Educ. The University of Georgia (now also the Agricultural College), at Athens, was founded in 1788-89, since reorganized; it po e es a philosophical and chemical laboratory, a cabinet of minerals, a good library, and a botanical garden. Other colleges flourish at Milledgeville, Oxford, Pen field, Atlanta, Macon, and a medical college at August a. The State has a school-fund, and there are numerous academies in Savannah, August a, Atlanta, .; several manual labor schools, too, have been succe fully established in different parts of the State.- Govt . The new Constitution of Georgia was voted upon by the people, and thus ratified, in Dec. 1877. By it, perpetual charters with special privileges are prohibited, pa enger and freight tariffs are regulated and all discrimination is forbidden, stringent laws are provided against duelling and lobbying (the latter is made a crime), petty larceny, disfranchises, and the State is prohibited from lending aid to railroads. Ample provision seems to have been provided for the protection and education of the negro. and he enjoys the full right of citizenship. The whipping-post is abolished, and there is no imprisonment for debt. The legislature meets biennially, and the per diem is reduced to $3.00. A popular vote was also taken upon locating the State capital, resulting in favor of retaining Atlanta. Hist . G. was the last settled of the present U. S. founded by the British. It was first colonized by them in 1733, in which year the city of Savannah was founded by General James Ogle thorpe. It suffered much during the early period of its settlement from the incursions of the savages, and it was not until 1835 that the Cherokees, the last remnant of the Indian pop., had entirely disappeared from the State. In 1776, it united in the struggle for independence, but continued in the occupation of the British until 1783. On the outbreak of the Civil War, this State pa ed an Act of Sece ion by a convention called for the purpose, Jan. 19, 1861, and engaged in active hostilities against the Union in common with the other Southern States. Re-admitted to the Union and to representation in Congre , 1868. Pop . (1897) about 2,200,000. Georgia, Gulf of, an arm of the N. Pacific Ocean, between Vancouver's Island and the mainland of British Columbia. It averages 30 m. in width, is 250 m. in length, receives Fraser river, and communicates with the open ocean by Queen Charlotte's Sound in the N., and by the Strait of Fuca in the S. Its southerly entrance is about Lat. 49° N., and Lon. 124° W.