vibroscope (vibroskop)

[ any pinnately parted leaves. There are about 80 species, natives of the northern hem i sphere and of the Andes, with a few species elsewhere in the southern hem i sphere and in Madagascar. They are shrubs or small trees, usually with opposite branchlets and large naked buds. The leaves are petioled and opposite, or rarely whorled in threes; they are entire, serrate or dentate, rarely lobed. The white or pinkish Flowering Branch of Arrow-wood ( Vibur num dentatum), a, flowers; b, fruits. corymbs of flowers are somewhat umbelled or panicled, and are axillary or terminal; the flowers are usually wheel shaped, with five equal lobes, and a one to three-celled ovary becoming in fruit a dry or fleshy ovoid or globose drupe usually one-celled and containing a single compre ed and deeply furrowed seed. The fruit is edible but insipid in V. Lentago, acid in V. Opulus, astringent in others, in which it is said, however, to be edible after fermentation, and to have been made into cakes by the North American Indians. In several species, forming the section Opulus (also peculiar in its scaly buds), the marginal flowers, of a broad flat inflorescence, are enlarged and sterile. (See cuts under hobble - bush and neutral, and compare guelder rose and snowball.) In the five other sections the flowers are all alike, and the winter buds, unlike most plants of temperate regions, are without scales. In a few Him a lay an, and Chinese species (the section Sole not in us ) the flowers are tubular, elongated, and panicled, and in a few others funnelform. Three species occur in Europe, Viburnum of which V. Tinus is the laurustinus, a winter-flowering shrub of southern Europe, in Corsica forming large forests, often cultivated for its ornamental evergreen leaves, white blo oms, and dark-blue berries. V. Opulus, the cranberry tree or high cranberry, in England also known as white dogwood, marsh or water - elder, and gaiter - tree, is widely diffused through the north of both continents; in Norway it is used for the manufacture of small wooden articles, of spirits, and of a yellow dye. For the other European species, V. Lantana, see wayfaring -tree. Fourteen species occur within the United States: 11 in the northeast; the others, V. ellipticum near the Pacific, V. densiflorum and V. obovatum near the South Atlantic coast; V. acer i folium extends north to Fort Yukon, V. pauciflorum to Sitka. Two American species, V. Lentago and V. prunifolium, become small trees. The bark of several species is used in the United States as a domestic remedy, and the inner bark of V. Lantana is esteemed a vesicant in England. A beverage known as Appal a chi an tea is sometimes made from the leaves of V. ca ino ides, an early-flowering, thick-leafed species of American swamps. Several species are known as arrow - wood, chiefly V. dentatum in the north, V. molle in the south, V. ellipticum in California. The species are somewhat widely known by the generic name, especially V. acer i folium, the maple-leafed viburnum, or dockmackie. The sweet viburnum is V. Lentago (for which see sheepberry ). V. nudumis known as withe -rod, V. pruni folium as black haw or stag - bush, and V. lant a no ides as hob ble-bush or American wayfaring -tree. The preceding are among the most ornamental of native American shrubs, admired for their white flowers, usually compact habit, and handsome foliage, also for their fruit, a bright blue-black in V. prunifolium, V. pubescens, and V. acer i folium, blue in V. dentatum and V. molle, and bright-red in V. Opulus; that of V. Lantana is an orange-red turning dull-black. 2. [l. c.] A plant of this genus. 6746 And I also find that the following Vicars General or Chancellors to the Bishops of Norwich exercised this power of Instituting without special powers in their patents so to do. Rev. T. Tanner (Ellis's Lit. Letters, p. 331). The very first act of the new supreme Head of the Church of England was to appoint a layman as his Vicar general. vice Dr. Creighton puts forward another favourite a ertion of the opponents of vaccination - the vicariousne of zymotic mortality. Lancet , 1889, II. 175. vicarius (vi-kā'ri-us), n.; pl. vicarii (-1). [L.: see vicar .] A substitute; a vicar. A new bye-law empowering the President, in his unavoidable absence, to appoint a Fellow of the College who has been a Censor to act as his vicarius was pa ed for the Lancet , 1890, I. 274. barely four hundred a year. George Eliot, Middle march, xvi. 2. The house or residence of a vicar.-3. The office, position, duties, or functions of a vicar. My vicarage is to speak of his [Christ's] compa ion and his tears. Donne , Sermons, xiii. Vicarage tithes. See tithe1, 2. vicarate (vik'är-at), n. [ Mother Austin was afterwards Vicare several years. Archæologia, XXVIII. 198. vicarial (vi-kāʼri-al), a. [L. vicarius , substituted, vicarious (see vicar , vicarious ), vic a + -al .] 1. Vicarious; delegated; substituted. All deriv'd and vicarial power. Black wall , Sacred Cla ics, II., Pref., p. xxix. vicar (vik'är), n. [Early mod. E. also vicker ; viker , vicair , vicaire (also vicary , q. v.), vicaire = Sp. Pg. It. vicario , vicarius , substituted, delegated, as a noun a substitute, a deputy, vicegerent, vicar, proxy, vix ( vic- ), found only in oblique cases (gen. vic is, etc.) and pl. vices , change, interchange: see vice4 .] 1. A person deputed or authorized to perform the functions of another; a substi- tute in office: as, the Pope claims to be vicar 2. Pertaining to a vicar. of Jesus Christ on earth. He hath thee [the Virgin] maked vicaire and maistre e Of al the world. Chaucer , A. В. С., 1. 140. Consider also the presence of the king's majesty, God's high vicar in earth. Latimer , 6th Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1549. Milton , On Def. of Humb. Remonst. Antichrist wee know is but the Devil's Vicar . 2. In Eng. eccles. law, the priest of a parish the tithes of which belong to a chapter or religious house, or to a layman, and who receives only the smaller tithes or salary. The title is also now given to incumbents who would formerly have been known as perpetual curates (see curate ). Ye persons and vickers that haue cure and charge, Take hede to the same, and roue not at large. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 354. All Rectors and Vickers of the same deanery (Bristol). English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 287. The distinction therefore of a parson and vicar is this: the parson has for the most part the whole right to all the ecclesiastical dues in his parish; but a vicar has generally an appropriator over him, entitled to the best part of the profits, to whom he is in effect perpetual curate, with a standing salary. Black stone, Com., I. xi. 3. In the Rom. Cath. Ch., an ecclesiastic as- sisting a bishop and exercising jurisdiction in his name. He cannot perform acts properly belonging to the episcopate nor collate to benefices without special authority.-Cardinal vicar, an ecclesiastical dignitary Rome delegate of the Pope, performs his tions as local bishop of the diocese of Rome. - Lay vicar, clerk vicar, secular vicar. See lay. - Vicar apos tolic, in Rom. Cath, usage, formerly, a bishop, archbishop, or other ecclesiastic to whom the Roman pontiff delegated a portion of his jurisdiction; now, a mi ionary or titular bishop stationed either in a country where episcopal sees have not yet been established or in one where the succe ion of Roman Catholic bishops has been inter rupted.-Vicar choral, in the Ch. of Eng., an a istant of the canons or prebendaries in such parts of public worship as are performed in the chancel or choir, especially in connection with the music. They may be either clergymen or laymen. In all cathedrals of the old foundation in England, in St. David's, and in twelve Irish cathedrals, the Vicars Choral form a distinct corporation, the members of which vary in number from twelve to three: these corporations are distinct from the chapter as regards property, but in subjection to it as to the performance of the services. Grove, Dict. Music, IV. 260. Vicar forane, in Rom. Cath, usage, an ecclesiastical dignitary appointed by the bishop to exercise a limited jurisdiction in a particular town or district of his diocese. The office is analogous to that of rural dean.-Vicar-general, in the Ch. of Eng., an ecclesiastical officer who a ists a bishop or archbishop in the discharge of his office. The vicar-general of a bishop is his chancellor. For He that is the For mere principal Hath maked me [Nature] his vicaire - general To forme and peynten erthely creaturis. Chaucer, Physician's Tale, 1. 20. It has occurred to me, when weary and vexed I have myself gone to bed like a heathen, that another has asked forgivene for my day, and safety for my night. I don't suppose such vicarial piety will avail much. Charlotte Brontë , Shirley, vii. The tithes of many things, as wood in particular, are in some parishes rectorial, and in some vicarial , tithes. Black stone , Com., I. xi. 3. Holding the office of, or acting as, a vicar. A resident pastor, either rectorial or vicarial, either an incumbent or a substitute. V. Knox, Sermons, VI. xxvi. vicarian (vī-kā'ri-an), n. [ Shall Balbus, the demure A then i an, Dream of the death of next vicarian ? Marston , Scourge of Villainy, iii. 134. vicar i a tel (vi-kā'ri-at), a. [L. vicarius , delegated (see vicar , vicarious ), + -atel .] Having delegated power; pertaining to such authority and privilege as a vicar has. The vicar i at authority of our see. Barrow, Pope's Supremacy, vi. § 10. vicariate (vī-kā'ri-at), n. [ vicar i at us , the office of a vicar, vicarius , a vicar: see vicar and -ates.] The office or authority of a vicar; office or power delegated by, or a umed in place of, another; vicarship; specifically, the jurisdiction of a vicar apostolic. That pretended spiritual dignity, or, as it calleth itself, the vicariate of Christ. Lord North. ( Latham .) The further pretensions of the Popes to the vicariate of the Empire during interregna the Germans never admitted. Bryce, Holy Rom. Empire, xiii.