notation

[Lat. notatio =a marking. a noting, from not at us = pa. par. of no to = to mark, to note; nota a mark.] 1. The act of marking or noting; the act or practice of recording anything by means of marks, characters, or figures. 2. A system of marks, notes, signs, or characters employed in any art or science, to expre in a brief and compendious form certain facts connected with that art or science. [.] *3. Etymology; etymological signification. "The notation of a word is, when the origin all thereof is sought out; and consist eth in two things, the kind and the figure." -Ben Jonson English Grammar , ch. viii. (1) Architectural Notation : A system of signs, marks, or characters, appended to figures, when feet, for inches, used to denote dimensions on drawings, asfor IMG:content-0132.png:[blocks in formation] not at or 1. for one, V. for five, X. for ten, L. for fifty, C. for a hundred, D. for five hundred, and M. for one you sand. By combinations of these characters, in accordance with the following principles, every number may be expre ed: ( a ) When a letter stands alone, it represents the number given above, as V. for five; (b) when a letter is repeated, the combination stands for the product of the number denoted by the letter by the number of times which it is taken: thus, III. stands for three; XXX. for thirty, .; (c) when a letter precedes another, taken in the order given above, the combination stands for the number denoted by the greater diminished by that denoted by the le : thus, IV. stands for five le one, i . e., four; XC. for one hundred le ten, i. e., ninety, .; (d) when a letter, taken in the order given above, follows another, the combination stands for the sum of the numbers denoted by the letters taken separately: thus, XI. stands for ten plus one, i.e., eleven: LV. for fifty plus five, ie., fifty-five: CIV. for one hundred plus four [IV =five le one, i . e . , four as in ( c )], i . e ., one hundred and four: MDCCCLXXXV. for eighteen nundred and eighty-five. This method of notation is now little used except for dates, headings of chapters, . In the Arabic, or rather the Hindu, method, in troduced by the Arabs into Europe at the close of the tenth century, numbers are represented by the symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and their combina tions, according to conventional rules. The characters are called figures or digits, and, taken in their order, stand for naught, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine; the value of the unit depends upon the place which the figure occupies in the scale adopted. The value of each figure or digit increases in a tenfold ratio from the right to the left; the number of places of the digit from the right to the left indicating the power of 10, and the digit itself the number of such powers intended to be expre ed: thus, 10 = ten taken once = ten; 200 =ten squared taken twice=2×102; 7656=7+103+ (6×102)+(5×10)+6=seven you sand six hundred and fifty-six, the values of the places being thus: 7 (you sands), 6 (hundreds), 5 (tens), 6 (units). (3) Chemical notation : The written language of chemistry. The system now in use belongs exclusively to modern times, but in all ages signs of some kind or other seem to have been employed to represent the various kinds of matter. In 1815 Berzelius proposed the use of the initial letter of the element, and the employment of coefficients to expre the number of the same atoms in the compound, bringing chemical notation almost into its present state. Thus, sulphate of soda=Na2SO4, indicating that the compound is formed of two atoms of sodium (natrium), one of sulphur, and four of oxygen. In organic compounds, the constitution of which is known, the symbols are so arranged as to show the CH3 various groups of radicals. COC2H5)O ethylic acetate, but butyric acid, with the same number of atoms, is expre ed by CH3(CH2)2. (4) Mathematical notation : The conventional method of representing mathematical quantities and operations by means of symbols. [SYMBOL.] (5) Musical notation : The system or method of expre ing musical sounds in writing, by means of signs, characters, figures, or marks. [NOTE, 8.] (6) Numerical notation : Music: A method of expre ing musical sounds by numerals. (7) Tonic sol - fa notation : [TONIC SOL-FA.] *nō-tā-tõr, s. [Lat.] One who makes or writes notes; an annotator. "The not at or Dr. Potter in his epistle before it to the reader saith thus, Totum opus, ."-Wood: At hence Oxon. notch, s. [A weakened and later form of nock (q. v.).] IMG:content-0133.png:[blocks in formation] 1. To cut notches or nicks in; to nick, to indent. "The convex work is composed of black and citrin pieces, cancellated and transversely notched."-Grew: Museum. *2. To place in a notch, as an arrow; to fit to the string. *3. To mark or keep count of, by cutting notches in a stick or piece of wood; to score. *B. In trans.: To keep a count or score by cutting notches in a stick: to score. IMG:content-0134.png:[blocks in formation] notch-Ing, pr. par., a. . [NOTCH, v.] II. Technically: 1. Music: note full (1) In general, any musical sound. (2) In particular, the signs placed upon the stave which show by their shape and position the du. ration and pitch of sound. They constitute the e ence of mensurable music as opposed to mere "signs of intonation," such as were the neumes. The first division of notes was, as might be expected, into long and short (breve or brief). The long was a four-sided note with a tail; the breve a four sided note without a tail; the semibreve a diamond A. & B. As pr . par. & particip. adj.: (See the note. There are now six notes in ordinary use, verb.) C. As substantive: I. Ordinary Language: 1. The act of cutting notches or nicks in any. thing. 2. The act of scoring or counting as by notches. 3. A notch, a nick. II. Technically : 1. Carp .: A mode of joining timbers or scantling in a frame. It is either square or dovetailed, and is used for connecting the ends of wall-plates and bond-timbers at the angles, letting joists down on girders, binders, sills, plates, or purlins. Halving, scarfing, and calking are forms of notching, and form a lap-joint. 2. Rail. Eng.: [GULLET ING.] notching-adze, s. Carp .: A light adze with a bit of large curvature or nearly straight for notching into timbers in making gains, . [GAIN (1), 8.] notch-weēd, s. [Eng. notch , and weed .] Bot.: Che no podium vulvar i a . notch-wing, s. [Eng. notch , and wing .] Entom.: A moth, Teras caudana . *note, v . [For ne wote .] Knew not, could not. [NOT, v.] note (1), s . [Fr., from Lat. nota =a mark, a sign, a note, allied to not us , pa, par. of nosco (gnosco) = to know; Ital. & Sp. nota .] I. Ordinary Language : viz., the semibreve, the minim, the crotchet, the quaver, the semiquaver, and the demisemiquaver. The half-demisemiquaver is also occasionally used One semibreve is equal to two minims, or four crotchets, or eight quavers, or sixteen semiquavers, or thirty-two demisemiquavers, or sixty-four half demisemiquavers. (3) The term is used generally for the sounds of which notes are signs, as when we say of a singer that his high notes are good, or that a player plays wrong notes. 2. Print.: A mark on the margin of a book, to call attention to something in the text. These are of three kinds: (1) Shoulder-notes, at the top of the page, giving book, chapter, and date, as in reference Bibles. (2) Side-notes, marginal or set-in notes, containing abstracts of the text, as in law-books, or reference notes to parallel pa ages. (3) Foot-notes, containing commentaries and an. notations. 3. Comm.: A written or printed promise to pay a certain sum of money to a certain person, on a specific date; as, a promi ory note , a bank- note , . Note of hand : A promi ory note. note-book, s. A book in which notes or memo- rand a are set down. "Ca ius all his faults observ'd; Set in a note - book ." Shakesp.: Julius Cæsar, iv. 3. note-paper, s. The same as NOTE, s., I. 15. *note (2), s . [A. S.) Busine , occupation, need. *note (3), s . [NUT.] known; a visible sign or mark. 1. A mark or token by which anything may be all from Lat. no to =to mark.] [NOTE, 8.] "Some natural notes about her body." Shakesp.: Cymbeline, ii. 2. 2. A stigma, a brand; reproach, shame. "My posterity shamed with the note." Shakesp.: Rape of Lucrece, 208. 3. Notice, heed, care, observation. "Some precepts worthy the note." Shakesp.: All's Well that Ends Well, iii. 5. 4. The state of being under observation. "Small matters come with great commendation, be cause they are continually in use and in note."- Bacon . 5. Reputation, mark, renown, consequence, distinction. "To make them men of note." Shakesp.: Love's Labor's Lost , iii. 6. Distinction or fame, in a bad sense; notoriety. Shakesp.: Macbeth , iii. 2. "A deed of dreadful note." IMG:content-0135.png:[blocks in formation] "Give him note of our approach." Shakesp.: Troilus and Cre ida , iv. 1. 8. A minute, memorandum, or short writing in. tended to a ist the memory, or to be used for reference at a future time. 9. In the same sense as II. 2. 10. An explanatory or critical comment; an anno tation. "The best writers have been perplexed with notes , and obscured with illustrations." - Felton : On the Cla ics. 11. ( Pl .): The verbatim report of a speech, discourse, ., taken by a reporter or shorthand writer. 12. A remark. "A good note ; that keeps you from the blow of the law." -Shakesp.: Twelfth Night , iii. 4. 180 13. A bill, an account, a memorandum, a list, a catalogue. "Here's the note how much your chain weighs." Shakesp.: Comedy of Errors, iv. 1. 14. A short letter; a billet. "She sent a note, the seal an 'Elle vous suit." Tennyson: Ed. Morris, 105. 15. A small size of letter paper, used for writing notes or short letters; note-paper. 16. An official or diplomatic communication in writing; an official memorandum or communica tion from the minister of one country to the minister of another. chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; note (1), v . t. Fr. noter ; Sp. notar ; Ital. not are. 1. To mark; to distinguish with a mark. 2. To stigmatize; to brand with a crime. "You have condemned and noted Lucius Pella." Shakesp.: Julius Cæsar, iv. 3. 3. To observe, to remark, to heed; to take note or notice of. 4. To show respect to; to treat with respect. "Whose worth and honesty is richly noted ." Shakesp.: Winter's Tale , v. 3. 5. To pay attention to; to listen to; to heed. "But note me, signior." Shakesp.: Merchant of Venice . i. 3. 6. To set down; to commit to memory. "I'll note you in my book of memory." Shakesp.: Henry VI ., Pt . I. , ii. 4. 7. To make a note or memorandum of; to set down in writing. " Note it in a book that it may be for ever and ever." Isaiah xxx. 8. 8. To set down in musical characters. 9. To furnish or provide with notes; to annotate. 10. To denote, to mark. 11. To charge with a crime. (Followed by of. ) ( Dryden.) To note a bill : Comm.: To record the non-acceptance or nonpayment of a bill when it becomes due. It is done officially by a notary. *note (2), v . t. [A. S. hnitan; pa. t. hnát.] To butt; to push with the horns. not-ěd, pa. par. & a. [NOΤΕ, υ.] A. As pa . par .: (See the verb.) B. As adj .: Of note; eminent, remarkable, noteworthy, celebrated. "We shall have recourse to a noted story in Don Quixote."-Hume: E ays, pt. i., e . 23. nōt-ěd-lý, adv. [Eng. noted; -ly.] With good perception and remembrance; exactly. "Do you remember what you said of the duke? Most notedly, sir."- Shakesp .: Measure for Measure, v. 1.