It arrived Aug

18, 1239, and was deposited at Vincennes, palace. Sainte-Cha whence it was carried with great pomp by the king him self to Notre Dame. It was afterward placed in the Chapel of St. Nicholas, then, the chapel of the plante It is now that of the Palais de Justice. It is the most perfect example of its type produced during the best period of Pointed architecture. It consists of two chapels, one below the other. The lower chapel was dedicated to the Vir gin, has nave and narrow aisles, and is in itself architecturally remarkable. The upper chapel, 36 by 115 feet, is vaulted in a single span 66 feet high. Almost the entire wall-space is occupied by the great traceried windows, which are all filled with 13th-century gla of inde dow occupies upper half of Sainte-Menehould (sant'mė-nė-öl' or me-nö'). A town in the department of Marne, France, situated on the Aisne 41 miles east-southeast of Rheims. Population (1891), commune, 5,298. St.-Émilion (san-tā-me-lyon'). A small town in the department of Gironde, France, 19 miles east of Bordeaux: noted for its wines. Saintes (sant). A town in the department of Charente-Inférieure, situated on the Charente 38 miles southeast of La Rochelle: the ancient Mediolanum. It is celebrated for its Roman remains. The triumphal arch, formerly the head of the old Charente lasters and engaged Corinthian columns. The height is bridge, has 2 arched openings, 13 feet wide, between Dis 38 feet. The inscriptions show that it was built under Nero, in honor of Germanic us, Tiberius, and Drusus. The cathedral and the churches of St. Eutropius and Notre Dame are notable. The town was the capital of the San tones, and afterward of Saintonge; was held by the English in the middle ages; and suffered in the Huguenot wars. Population (1891), 18,461. St.-Étienne (san-ta-tyen'). The capital of the department of Loire, France, situated in lat. 45° 26' N., long. 4° 23′ E. It is the center of the principal coal-field in southern France, and one of the greatest manufacturing cities the country; manufactures iron, wea pons, cutlery, ribbons, etc.; has a national arms factory; and is an important railway center. It has a school of mines and a palace of Population (1891), 133,443. St. Eustache. See Eustache , St. St. Eustatius (sant ū-sta's hi-us), or St.-Eu- stache (san-te-stäsh'). An island of the Dutch West Indies, a dependency of Curaçao, situated northwest of St. Christopher's in lat. 17° 29′ N., long. 62° 59′ W. Capital, Orange town. It is of and volcanic has formation been held ult uninterruptedly was occupied by by the them Dutchie since 1814. 1814, Area, 7 square miles. Population (1890), 1,588. Saint-Évremond (san-tāvr-môn'), Seigneur de (Charles de Marguetel de Saint-Denis). Born at St.-Denis-di-Guast, near Coutances, France, April 1, 1613: died in England, Sept. 29, 1703. A French author. He was educated by the Jesuits, and served in the Thirty Years' War. He was a favorite of Condé, but incurred his displeasure and later that of the king after the fall of Fouquet by his letter on the peace of the Pyrenees, and also by his adhesion to the school of freethinkers founded or encouraged by Gas send i. In 1660 he went to England, and lived there in exile at the court of Charles II. till his death. His works include critiques, letters, etc., first published in 1705. whose quatrefoils filled with represent West France and Algeria. He published "Voyage géologique aux Antilles et aux iles Ténériffe et de Fogo" (7 vols. 1856-64), etc. Sainte-Croix (sant-krwä'). 1. A town in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, 22 miles north northwest of Lausanne. It has manufactures of watches, etc. Population (1888), 6,009.-2. See Santa Cruz . St. Elian's Well. A celebrated well in Denbighshire, known as "the head of the cursing wells." It was thought that by throwing a pin or a peb. ble into the well, inscribed with the name of a hated person, and at the same time performing certain impious rites, the victim would be caused to pine and die, and his fields would be blasted. St. Elias (e-li'as), Mount. 1. The name of sev eral mountains in Greece. Mountains so named are situated (a) in the western part of Laconia; (b) in the southern part of Euboea; (c) in Zea; (d) in Milo; (e) in Ægin a; (1) in Paros; (g) in Sant or in. 2. A mountain in British America, near the Alaskan boundary, in lat. 60° 17′ 35′′ N., long. *140° 55′ 47" W., near the Pacific Ocean. It was once thought to be the highest peak in North America, but is now known to be surpa ed by the Peak of Orizaba, in Mexico, and seemingly also by Mount Logan, in British territory, 26 miles northeast of St. Elias. Height, 18,015 feet. St. Elmo. See Elmo , Castle of St. Sainte-Marguerite (sant-mär-gret'). One of the Îles de Lérins, near Cannes, France. In its fort Monterey the "man with the iron mask" was confined 1686-98; and Bazaine was confined there from 1873 until his escape in 1874. Sainte-Marie (sant-mä-rē'). A small island east of Madagascar, about lat. 17° S. It belongs to the French. Population (1883), 7,496, the boundary between these two States, and joins the Mi i ippi 9 miles north of Helena. Length, about 450 miles. 2. A river in the province of Quebec, Canada, joining the St. Lawrence in Lake St. Peter, 24 miles southwest of Three Rivers. Length, about 175 miles. St. Francis, Cape. 1. A cape in the peninsula of Avalon, southeastern Newfoundland, at the entrance to Conception Bay.-2. A cape on the southern coast of Cape Colony, situated in lat. 34° 12′ S., long. 24° 50′ Ε. St. Francis, Lake. 1. An expansion of the St. Lawrence, below the New York and Canada boundary. Length, about 30 miles. Width, 2-5 miles.-2. A lake in Beauce County, Quebec, Canada, 59 miles south of Quebec. Its outlet is by the St. Francis River into the St. Lawrence. Length, about 14 miles. St. Gall (sant gal), F. St.-Gall (san-gäl'), G. Sankt Gallen (sänkt gäl'len). 1. A canton of Switzerland. Capital, St. Gall. It is bounded by Thurgau and the Lake of Con stance on the north, the Rhine (separating it from Vorarlberg, Liechtenstein, and in part from Grisons) on the east, Grisons and Glarus on the south, and Glarus, Schwyz, Zurich, and Thurgau on the west. It incloses the canton of Appenzell. The surface is mountainous and hilly: the south and center are traversed by the Glarneralpen and Thuralpen. It is large ly a manufacturing canton. The prevailing language is German. About two fifths are Protestants and three fifths Roman Catholics. A large part of the territory was formerly subject to the abbey of St. Gall; different portions came under the sovereignty of the confederation in the 15th and 16th centuries; the canton was formed in 1803. Area, 779 square miles. Population (1888), 228,174. 2. The capital of the canton of St. Gall, situated in lat. 47° 26′ N., long. 9° 23′ E., at a height of 2,165 feet above sea-level. It is one of the chief manufacturing and commercial cities in Switzerland, and the center of a large district engaged in the manufacture of embroidery and white goods. The abbey is a famous Benedictine establishment, founded by the Irish mi ionary St. Gall in the 7th century, and suppre ed in 1805. The existing buildings, now used for cantonal offices, schools, episcopal palace, and the valuable library, are not old, the grand medieval structures having unfortunately disappeared. The church dates St.-Germain-en-Laye from 1755. The city grew up around the abbey, and became an important literary center. The abbots obtained extensive power in the middle ages. St. Gall joined the Swi Confederation in 1451. Population (1888), 27,390. St.-Galmier (san-gäl-myā'). A town in the department of Loire, France, 28 miles west-southwest of Lyons. It exports mineral waters. Population (1891), commune, 3,257. St.-Gaudens (san-go-dan'). A town in the department of Haute-Garonne, France, situated near the Garonne 50 miles southwest of Toulouse. It has a Romanesque church. Population (1891), commune, 7,007. Saint-Gaudens (sant-ga ́denz), August us. Born at Dublin, Ireland, March 1, 1848. An American sculptor. He studied in New York, Paris, and Rome, where he produced his first statue, "Hiawatha," in 1871. He received the commi ion for the Farragut monument in Madison Square, New York, in 1876, and finished the work in 1880. Among his other works are "Adoration of the Cro " (a bas-relief in St. Thomas's Church, New York), "The Puritan," statues of Abraham Lincoln, Robert P. Randall, etc., and busts of W. M. Evarts, Theodore D. Woolsey, General Sherman, and others. The "Diana" on the tower of Madison Square Garden is also his. IMG:content-0860.png:[blocks in formation] lati on, about 5,000. St. George's. 1. One of the Bermuda Islands. Length, 34 miles.--2. A seaport in the island of St. George's. Population, about 2,000. St. George's Bank. A bank about 100 miles east of Cape Cod in Ma achusetts. It is often visited by fishermen. St. George's Channel. A sea pa age separating Wales and Ireland, and connecting the Irish Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. St. George's Chapel. See Windsor. St. George's Island. An island in the Gulf of Mexico, situated off the coast of Florida, opposite the mouth of the Appal a chi cola. Length, 19 miles. St. George's Sound. An arm of the Gulf of Mexico, separating St. George's Island from the mainland of Florida. Saint-Germain (san-zher-man'). Bishop of Paris and architect of the church which Childe bert constructed in honor of St. Vincent, 550 A. D. It became afterward the chapel of the Abbey of St.-Germain-des-Prés. He is also supposed to hare built for Childebert a church to St.-Germain l'Auxerrois at Angers, and the monastery at Mans. Saint-Germain, called Comte de. Died in Schleswig or Ca el after 1780. A European adventurer, of unknown origin. He appeared at the court of Louis XV. about 1750, had a large fortune, and was mixed up in all the court intrigues of the day. He claimed the po e ion of the elixir of life. St.-Germain (san-zher-man'), Faubourg of. A once fashionable quarter of Paris, situated on the south bank of the Seine, long noted as the headquarters of the French royalists. Many of the houses of the old nobility are still standing. St.-Germain-des-Prés (dā-prā'). The impre ive early-Romanesque church of the historic abbey of the same name in Paris, conspicuous by its tall heavy pyramid-pointed tower. The ma ive columns and arches and the curiously sculptured capitals are of high interest. The walls of the nave are covered with beautiful scriptural paintings by Flandrin. St.-Germain-en-Laye (-on-la'). A town in the department of Seine-et-Oise, France, situated St.-Germain-en-Laye on the left bank of the Seine, 8 miles west northwest of the fortifications of Paris. It is a frequented summer residence. The château, a favorite residence of Francis I., Louis XIV., and others, and of James II. of England after his deposition, has, like most of such residences, been constantly altered and renewed with the development of modern civilization. The existing structure, half citadel, dates chiefly from the reign of Francis I. The mo more luxurious Chateau Neuf, adjoining, was built by Henry II., but, except the Pavillon Henry IV., was demolished in the 18th century. The chapel, which is earlier than the rest, is of remarkable beauty. The château now contains the Museum of French National Antiquities. Among the treaties signed here were that of 1570 between the French Roman Catholics and the Huguenots, whereby the latter received various conce ions, and that of 1679 hetween France and Brandenburg, whereby the latter was obliged to cede Sweden most of its conquests in Pomerania. Population (1891), commune, 14,262, St.-Germain l'Auxerrois (lo-ser-wa'). The parish church of the kings of France, in Paris. The existing picturesque building dates from the 12th to the 16th century; it has a fine porch of 5 arches, beneath which open richly sculptured 13th-century portals. The interior has a nave and 4 aisles; it contains fine gla and good modern frescos. The signal for the ma acre of St. Bartholomew was sounded from the small belfry of the south transept. St.-Gervaix (san-zher-va). A watering-place in the depart men department of Haute-Savoie, France, uated in the Arve valley 35 miles southeast of Geneva: noted for its hot baths. St. Giles's (jil'ziz). A locality in London, west of the City and northeast of Westminster, Westminster, long noted as a center of poverty and vice. St.-Gilles (san-zhel'). A town in the depart ment of Gard, France, 12 miles south by east of Nîmes. It has a remarkable church. Population (1891), commune, 5,947. St.-Girons (san-zhe-rôn'). A town in the department of Ariège, southern France, situated at the junction of the Lez with the Salat, 24 miles west of Foix. Population (1891), commune, 5,448. St. Gotthard (E. sant goth'ärd), G. Sankt Gotthard (sänkt got'härt). A small town in Hungary, situated on the Raab 41 miles east by south of Gratz. It is memorable for the victory of the Imperialists under Montecuculi over the Turks under Kiuprili Aug. 1, 1664. St. Gotthard. [G. Sankt Gotthard, F. St. -Got thard : named from St. Godehardus, bishop of Hildesheim 1038.] A mountain group of the Lepontine Alps, on the borders of Valais, Uri, Ticino, and Grisons, Switzerland. Highest points, over 10,000 feet. St. Gotthard, Pa of the. A celebrated pa over the Alps. It leads from Flüelen in Switzerland up the valley of the Reu , acro the St. Gotthard group, and down the valley of the Ticino to Bell in zona. Height of the pa , 6,935 feet. A carriage-road was constructed through it in 1820-23. It was the line of the retreat of Suvaroff in 1799. St. Gotthard, Tunnel of the. The tunnel through the St. Gotthard group, in the St. Gotthard railway from Lucerne to Milan. It extends from Göschenen to Airolo; was commenced in 1872; and was opened in 1882. It is the longest tunnel in the world, extending to 9 miles. Height of central point, 8,786 feet. St. Helena (he-le'nä). An island in the South Atlantic, belonging to Great Britain, situated in lat. 15° 55′ S., long. 5° 44′ W. It is about 1,200 miles west of Africa, 1,800 miles east of South America, and 820 miles from Ascension, the nearest land. It is of volcanic origin. The only town is James town. It was discovered by the Portuguese in 1501; became a British po e ion in 1651; and is celebrated as the place of imprison ment of Napoleon, who resided here at Long wood, 1815-21. Length, 10 miles. Area, 47 square miles. Population (1891), St. Helena Bay. A bay of the Atlantic, on the west coast of Cape Colony, about lat. 32° 40′ S. St. Helena Island. An island on the coast of Beaufort County, South Carolina, southwest of Charleston: noted for the production of sea-isl 4,116. and cotton. St. Helen's (hel'enz). A municipal and parliamentary borough in Lancashire, England, situated 10 miles east-northeast of Liverpool. It has important manufactures of gla , copper, chemicals, etc. Population (1891), 71,288. St. Helen's, Mount. A volcanic mountain in the State of Washington, one of the highest summits of the Cascade Range, situated in lat. 46° 12′ N., long. 122° 4' W. St. Hélier (F. pron. sanń-tā-lyā'), or St. Helier's (sant helyérz). The capital of the island of Jersey, Channel Islands, situated on St. Aubin's Bay in lat. 49° 10' N., long. 2° 7' W. It is a fortre , seaport, and watering-place. Population (1891), 29,100. Saint-Hilaire (san-to-lar'), August in François César Proven sal de, called Auguste de Saint-Hilaire. Born at Orléans, France, Oct. 4, 1799: died there, Sept. 30, 1853. A French botanist. He traveled in the southern and in IMG:content-0861.png:[blocks in formation] Hilaire . Saint-Hilaire, Marco de (properly Émile Marc Hilaire). Born at Versailles, May 22,1796: died at Neuilly, Nov. 5, 1887. A French writer, page at the court of Napoleon I. He wrote "Mémoires d'un page de la cour impériale" (1830), and other works on Napoleon I. and the empire. St.-Hubert (san-tü-bar'). A town in the province of Luxemburg, Belgium, 30 miles northeast of Sedan: noted for its chapel of St. Hubert. Population (1890), 2,712. St. Hyacinthe (sant hi'a-sinth; F. pron. sante-ä-sant'). A city, capital of St. Hyacinthe County, Quebec, Canada, situated on the river Yamaska 31 miles east-northeast of Montreal. Population (1891), 7,016. St.-Imier (san-to-mya'). A town in the canton of Bern, Switzerland, 26 miles northwest of Bern. It has manufactures of watches. Population (1888), 7,613, St.-Imier, Val, G. Sankt Immerthal (sänkt im'mer-täl). A valley in the Jura, canton of Bern, Switzerland, north of the Lake of Bienne. Saintine (san-ten'), Joseph Xavier Boniface, called. Born at Paris, July 10, 1798: died there, Jan. 21, 1865. A French poet, dramatist, and novelist. He wrote nearly 200 plays, at first under the name of "Xavier," and a number of novels, but is best reremembered by his "Picciola," a tale of the love of a pris oner for a flower. St. Ives (ivz). A seaport and watering-place in Cornwall, England, situated on St. Ives Bay 57 miles west-southwest of Plymouth. It has an important pilchard-fishery, and is a favorite winter resort. Population (1891), 6,094. St. Ives. A town in Hunting dons hire, England, situated on the Ouse 5 miles east of Hunting don. Population (1891), 3,005. St. James's Palace. A palace in London, adapted as a royal residence by Henry VIII., enlarged by Charles I., damaged by fire in 1809, and since restored. Though no longer occupied by the sovereign, it gives its name officially to the British court. The picturesque brick gate toward St. James's street, and the interesting presence-chamber, date from Henry VIII., as does the chapel, which is known as the Chapel Royal. The apartments of state are splendidly decorated. St. James's Park. A public park of 87 acres, in London, east of Green Park. It originally consisted of fields acquired by Henry VIII. in exchange for lands in Suffolk. The Hospital of St. James, which owned it, was pulled down, and St. James' Palace was erected on its site. It is the first of a series of parks extending from near the Thames at White hall to Kensington Palace, 24 miles, east and west. It reached its greatest importance in the days of the Stuarts, and is especially a ociated with the private life of Charles II. St.-Jean d'Acre. See Acre . St.-Jean d'Angély (san-zhon' don-zhā-lē'). A town in the department of Charente-Inférieure, France, situated on the Boutonne 35 miles It suffered in the Hun southeast of La Rochelle. dred Years' War; was a Calvin ist stronghold; and was captured and dismantled by Louis XIII. It has remains of a Benedictine abbey. Population (1891), commune, 7,297. St.-Jean-de-Luz (-de-lüz'). A seaport and watering-place in the department of Ba es-Pyrénées, France, situated at the mouth of the Nivelle, in the Gulf of Gascony, 12 miles southwest of Bayonne. It was formerly a center of the whale-fishery. Population (1891), commune, 3,856. St. John (sant jon). An island in the Danish West