Flynet

Any netting for excluding insects. Fly'-paper, n. Paper coated with an adhesive substance for catching flies, or with poison for killing them. Foard, in Texas , a N. county; area , 660 sq.m. Surface , hilly in the west, undulating in the east; gypsum plentiful. Products, wheat, oats and sorghum. Stock raising is a leading industry. Cap . Crowell. Pop . (1897) 1,500. Fog'-horn, n. An instrument with a perforated, rotating disk or disks, through which steam or impre ed air is driven so as to produce a loud, musical note or a whistle; it is used as a warning to ships in a fog. Sometimes termed a siren. Fog Signals. ( Naut .) Signals used to prevent collisions between ve els in foggy weather. Signals of this kind are highly nece ary in certain oceanic localities, as on the northeastern coast of the U. S., where fogs are frequent and persistent. Here also the shores are precipitous, rendering the indications of the land very uncertain; and safety is only to be had in the use of signals capable of penetrating the fog. The penetrating power of intense lights has been tried for this purpose in France and Great Britain, but without satisfactory result, and sound seems to be the only agent capable of penetrating any considerable depth of fog. Various sound-producing instruments have been tried for this purpose, such as cannon, bells, gongs, whistles, trumpets, and sirens. Of these, cannon have proved unsatisfactory, from the brief continuance of the sound, while the bell is usually too feeble in sound to be valuable except for short distances. Bells rung automatically by the action of the waves have been tried, but without satisfactory result, and the sound of the gong has proved to have too little power of penetration. Automatic whistles, actuated by wave motion, are also employed. The trumpet and the whistle have proved the most desirable implements for this purpose, the locomotive whistle being employed by the U. S. lighthouse board as the simplest of the more powerful F. S. The whistles employed are from 8 to 12 inches in diameter, and are blown by a steam pre ure of 50 to 75 lbs. per sq. inch; the length of blast and the interval between two emi ions differing from those of the ordinary locomotive signal, and being controlled by an automatic opening and shutting of valves. The reed or Daboll trumpet is the next most powerful instrument. This is actuated by compre ed air, and while le powerful than the steam whistle, can be used in places where the latter is not available. The most powerful of all F. S. yet employed is the siren trumpet , its sound being audible in still air at a distance of from 20 to 30 miles, even through a dense fog. It is usually operated by a pre ure of 75 lbs. of steam. By increasing the number of revolutions of the disk, the pitch of the sound may be heightened; and it has been found by experiment that a pitch of medium sound gives better penetration than one higher or lower. There are many interesting phenomena of variation of sound with change of distance, and in case of wind, in the use of F. S. , which are too complex to be treated here. For an interesting sound-receiving instrument, useful in fog, see EOPHONE. Fol'derol, n. ( Colloq .) Nonsense; foolishne . Fold'ing-machine, n. (Print.) A machine for folding printed sheets for books or newspapers. ( Metall .) A machine for bending sheet metal to form. Fo'ley, in Texas , a S.W.co.; area , 2,100 sq. m.; bounded on the south by the Rio Grande del Norte. Unorganized. Folger, CHARLES JAMES, jurist and financier, born at Nantucket, Ma ., on April 16, 1818; graduated (1836) from Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y. (where he afterward resided), and began the practice of law in 1839; became succe ively judge of Common Pleas (1844), State senator (1861-69), a ociate judge State Court of Appeals (1871) and chief justice of same (1880); was appointed U. S. Secretary of the Treasury (1881-84); in 1882 was Republican candidate for Governor of New York, but was defeated by Grover Cleveland. Died Sept. 4, 1884.