UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT

BRITAIN AND IRELAND (50°-60° 30, N., 1° 44’ E., 10° 30’ W.), includes ENGLAND, ScoTLaNnp, IRELAND, and Wauzes (for geography, local government, justice, education, religion, etc., see these headings); total area, including Isle of Man and Channel Islands, The estimated revenue of U.K. in 1923 is £910,775,000, and the expenditure is £910,069,000; principal sources of national revenue are income-tax, customs duties, estate duties, post-office; and chief items of expenditure are charges on National Debt, and the upkeep of army, navy, and civil services. The army is in transition from war to piece basis; total establishment, excluding troops in India, 350,000; Royal Air Force, 35,000; personnel of the navy numbered in all 140,000. Industries, Commerce, etc.— Agriculture is carried on; chief crops are, in Great Britain, oats, wheat, barley, potatoes; in Ireland, oats, potatoes, barley; live stock raised (in order of numerical importance): in Great Britain, sheep, cattle, pigs, horses; in Ireland, cattle, sheep, pigs, horses. Minerals include coal, iron, tin, lead, zinc, wo fram, copper, besides limestone, sandstone, oil shale, and gypsum. The principal manufactures are iron and steel goods, and cotton, woolen, and linen textiles. The foreign countries with which trade is most extensively carried on are the U.S. and France; large trade is also conducted with India, Australia, Canada, and other Brit. colonies. Value of exports (1921), 500,061. Chief in ports are cereals, live stock, food stuffs, raw materials, including cotton, timber, wool, etc., and iron and steel goods; and the chief exports are coal, cotton goods, linen and woolen goods, iron and steel goods, fish. Shipping is one of most important industries; total net tonnage of Brit. steam and sailing ve els engaged in foreign and home trade in 1921 was 18,336,424, and in 1921 the foreign ve els cleared at Brit. ports had a tonnage of 36,725,535. Railway lines open Mileage about 24,000. See ENa@Lanp; Great Brirain; British Empire; CanapA; IRELAND; Inp14, etc.