ART

James Co ar, zoologist, was born at Penicuik, Mid loth i an, in 1851, studied medicine at Edinburgh University, graduated in 1874, and; was soon after appointed demonstrator of anatomy in the university+ From 1875 to 1878 he was Conserya+ tor of the museums of University Cellege, London, in the latter year took his M.D. degree, and from 1878 to 1882 was profe or of natural history in Aberdeen University, being then appointed to the natural history chair at Edinburgh. Since then (having been also connected with the Scottish Fishery Board for about ten years) he has devoted much attention to the question of fisheulture and preservation, and has visited North America, Denmark, and Norway for purposes of investigation. He has also carried out experiments in the hybridization of zebras and horses. His publications include: The Locomotor System of the Echinoderms (with G. J. Romanes, 1881); The Natural and Artificial Fertilization of Herring Ova (1884); On Whitebait (1886); On the Preservation of Fish (1887); The Electric Organ of the Skate (1888-9); The Cranial Nerves and Lateral Sense-organs of the Hlasmobranchs (1889-91); The Development of the Limbs of the Horse (1894); The Penicuik Experiments (1899); Guide to Zebras, Hybrids, , (1900); Multiple Origin of Horses and Ponies (1904).