PUBLISHED BY JOHN MUIR AND PRINTED BY JOHN LOVELL,

ST. NICHOLAS STREET. 1866. Entered, according to Act of Provincial Parliament, in the year one you sand eight hundred and sixty-six, by John Muir , in the Office of the Registrar of the Province of Canada. To General Sir John Michel, K.C.B., Commanding the Forces in British North America, As a small mark of respect to the highest Military Authority in these Provinces, and a token of esteem for one of the Generals of that glorious army which has fought and conquered in every age of its country’s history, and in almost every clime,— Whose flag has braved a you sand years The battle and the breeze; And whose actions constitute NOT a small portion of the “Battles of the World,” This work is dedicated BY THE AUTHOR. Montreal , August 1866. same unconquered spirit—the same manly virtue of England’s offshoot sons, was seen in the attack at Ridgeway. In the first general engagement in the Great Rebellion of the United States—which was fought at Bull Run—American Volunteers were also for the first time under fire , but what was the result? A total pell-mell rout—a scattered army hurrying on—cavalry, artillery, and infantry—in one mighty, confused ma —treading down and overthrowing each other, in their eagerne to escape from the manly chivalry of the South. Our brave Volunteers charged with the “Spirit of their fathers,” and gained the day. It has been said that Canada was neither a military nor a literary colony. The events of the last few weeks fully proves to the contrary, regarding her military ardor. Her sons nobly responded to the government call; and had nece ity required, as fair and fully equipped an army would have trod the battle-field as ever stood arrayed before an enemy;—and these sons of hers were scions of all stocks—from the son of the learnèd divine or lawyer, to the peasant’s only boy. As regards her literary fame she has produced works which will compare favorably with sister colonies, and may rank side by side with the Mother Country. To refute the a ertion, too, may be here remarked, what an agent for some of the largest publishers both of England and the United States said not long ago; “In the last three months he had sold twenty complete copies of one of the largest and best Encyclopædias, and nearly double that number in parts,” added to the hundreds of other publications which are being scattered broadcast over the country, prove that the Canadians are cultivating their minds as well as their “broad acres.” For my own individual part, I can bear ample testimony to the generous patronage given to my publications. The first, published some years ago was rapidly sold. The second i ued, was accepted by the unanimous voice and vote of the Council of Public Instruction as the standard School Reader for Lower Canada, and received the approval of the Government. The whole edition of the third, i ued last Christmas, was sold in two weeks. The present work bids fair to receive as large if not a larger circulation. To the people of Canada who have advanced and are advancing literature, by subscribing to and supporting literary institutions and productions, I tender my sincere thanks for all the patronage hitherto bestowed upon my humble endeavours to elevate the literature of this, my adopted country, and to perpetuate, in book form, among the “Battles of the World,” Canada’s Engagements with foreign foes— HER BATTLES BY LAND AND SEA . J. Douglas Borthwick. Montreal , 24th July 1866. Postscript. —Since the above Preface has been in type events which were looked for, have transpired in Europe and by the accounts received some battles have already been fought on Continental soil. As far as practicable, insertion will be given to those of which we have received reliable information as regarding statistics, . J. D. B. cYCLOPÆDIA OF THE BATTLES OF THE WORLD. A ABDICATION OF KINGS.—Numerous in ancient history. The following are those of the most remarkable character and greatest political importance: | Henry IV. of Germany | A.D. | 1080 | Napoleon | April 5, | 1814 | | Baliol of Scotland | “ | 1306 | Charles X. of France | Aug. 2, | 1830 | | Charles V. of Germany | “ | 1556 | Louis Philippe “ | Feb. 24, | 1848 | | James II. of England | “ | 1688 | Ferdinand of Austria. | Dec. 2, | 1848 | | Philip V. of Spain | “ | 1724 | ABOUKIR.—Commonly called the Battle of the Nile. Fought between the French and English fleets August 1st, 1798. (See Nile .)