judaizer

[Eng. judaiz (e); -er.] Ch. Hist. (pl.): Christians of Jewish descent, who sought to impose upon the Gentile converts the heavy burden of the Mosaic ritual. Ju-das, s . [Gr. Ioudas , from Heb. Yehudah Judah; thus the Judas of the New Testament is the Judah of the Old.] 1. Scrip .: The name of several persons mentioned in the New Testament. (1) Judah, the son of Jacob (Matt. i. 2,3). (2) Judas (not Iscariot) one of the apostles (Luke vi. 16; John xiv. 22; Acts i. 13, .). (3) Judas Iscariot- i.e ., probably Judas of Kerioth in Judah (Joshua xv. 25; Matt. x. 4, .). (4) Judas of Galilee, leader of a revolt (Acts v. 37). (5) Judas, surnamed Barsabas (Acts xv. 22). (6) The writer of the Book of Jude (Jude 1). The compounds are from No. (3). 2. Fig .: A treacherous person; a traitor. 3. The same as JUDAS-HOLE (q. v.). Judas-colored, a. Red, reddish: from a tradition that the traitor Judas had red hair. "With two left legs, and Judas - colored hair." Dryden: Character of Tonson. IMG:content-0162.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0163.png:[blocks in formation] 1. A civil officer invested with power to hear and determine causes, civil or criminal, and to administer justice in courts held for that purpose. "Judges ought to remember, that their office is jus di. cere, and not jus dare; to interpret law, and not to make law, or give law."- Bacon: E ays; Of Judicature. 2. A person authorized or empowered in any way to decide a dispute or quarrel. "Who made thee a judge over us?"- Exodus ii. 14. 3. A person appointed to decide in a trial of skill between two or more parties. "And now by this, their feast all being ended, The judges which thereto selected were, Into the Martian field adowne descended." IMG:content-0164.png:[blocks in formation] 1. Law : The National and State systems of judicature in this country comprise in their list of officers judges of various degrees of dignity and of widely variant functions. In most of the states the most numerous cla are the presiding officers of courts of oyer and terminer, hustings courts, criminal courts, courts of correction, ., the names given similar tribunals in the different commonwealths varying. They have in most instances both criminal and (to a certain extent) civil jurisdiction, but in other cases are restricted entirely to one or the other function. Of a higher dignity than these are the circuit judges, who in some commonwealths have large supervisory and reviewing powers, while the whole system is presided over by the judges of the supreme state courts. The United States judges range in dignity from district to supreme court officials. Judges are recipients of office in divers ways-some being elected by the people, others by the legislature; and yet others are appointed by the President or by governors of the states. 2. Jewish Hist . ( pl .): Certain remarkable individuals raised up in Israel after the death of Joshua and prior to the establishment of the Jewish monarchy. At that time there was little unity among the tribes, each of which, like a Scottish Highland clan, looked up to its own individual chief, and not often to any higher human authority. Some judges owed their power to having been the first to rise against foreign oppre ion, which they overthrew; others discharged only peaceful functions. All acted in the Jewish theocracy as vicegerents of Jehovah. The series of events, oftener than once repeated, was first, that the people were seduced into idolatry; next, that as a punishment for this, they were conquered, and placed under the yoke of a foreign oppre or; then a judge arose who under God set them free, and the land had rest normally for forty years. The Hebrew name Shop he tim sometimes means princes as well as judges. The functions of the judge in some respects resembled those of a Roman dictator, and in others those of a Mohammedan Mahdi. St. Paul considered the The General Epistle of Jude : New Test. Canon : A short epistle penned by Jude, the servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James. The James was probably "the brother of the Lord," who may or may not have been identical with the apostle James, the son of Alpheus. So much of xiii. 20). A date apparently inconsistent with this (1 Kings vi. 1) is believed to be an erroneous reading. The Book of Judges : Old Test. Canon : The seventh book in order of the Old Testament. It was named Judges because at the period to which it refers Israel was ruled by men of that designation. [II.] It consists of five sections: a first introduction (1.-ii. 5), a second one (ii. 6-iii. 6), the main portion or consecutive narrative (iii. 7-xvi. 31), the first appendix (xvii.-xviii.), and the second one (xix.-xxi.). Two authors seem to have been at work upon it, each falling back upon ancient documents. The first wrote i.-iii. 6, xvii.-xxi., and the second iii. 7-xvi. 31. The first mentioned writer never alludes to judges; it is he who uses the expre ion "in those days there was no king in Israel" (xvii. 6, xviii. 1, xix. 1, xxi. 25), implying that he did not write till kings had been appointed. If the "captivity of the land" (xviii. 30) be the A yrian or even the Babylonish captiv. ity the book is a late one, though the Aramaisms in it are but few. It has been always accepted as canonical. In the New Testament it is referred to in Acts xiii. 20 and Heb. xi. 32. Judge is the general term; umpire , arbiter , and arbitrator are only species of the judge . The judge determines in all matters disputed or undisputed; he pronounces what is law for the present, as well as what will be law; the umpire and arbiter are only judges in particular cases that admit of dispute.