Cases, with his eldest son, followed him

He was sent away from the island in Nov., 1816, for attempting to forward a letter to Lucien Bonaparte without the knowledge of the commandant, and was confined at the Cape for 8 months. To him Napoleon dictated a part of his memoirs. He published "Mémorial de Sainte-Hélène" (1822-23). Lascy. See Lacy. La Serena (lä sā-ra'nä). The capital of the province of Coquimbo, situated at the mouth of the Coquimbo River, in lat. 29° 53′ S. It was founded by Valdivia in 1544, and was an important point in the early history of Chile. Coquimbo, its commercial port, is 7 miles southwest of it, but the two names are often used interchangeably. Population (1885), 17,230. La Serna y Hinojosa (lä sār'nä ē ēn-ō-Hō'sä), José de. Born at Jerez de la Fronter a, 1770: died at Cadiz, 1832. A noted Spanish general. In 1816, with the rank of major-general, he was put in command of the army in Upper Peru. He was defeated by the patriots at Salta and Jujuy, and, owing to disagreements with the viceroy, resigned in 1819, and was made lieutenant-general and president of the council of war: soon after this he was made commander of the army against San Martin. On Jan. 29, 1821, the viceroy Pezuela was deposed by his officers, and La Serna was put in his place. La Serna was forced to evacuate Lima July 6, 1821, but he kept his ground in the interior with great skill and resolution, making his capital at Cuzco. During three years and a half he was practically cut off from Spain. He was finally defeated by Sucre and captured with his whole army at the battle of Ayacucho, Dec. 9, 1824. Las Heras (läs a'räs), Juan Gregorio de. Born at Buenos Ayres, July 11, 1780: died at Santiago de Chile, Feb. 6, 1866. A Spanish-Ameri can general. In 1824 he was chosen governor of Buenos Ayres, and from May 9 of that year until Feb. 7, 1825, was acting president of the Argentine Confederation. Soon after he retired to Chile, where he resided until his death. Lask (läsk). A town in the government of Piotrkow, Ru ian Poland, 92 miles southwest of Warsaw. Population (1890), 5,677. Lasker (läs ker), Eduard. Born at Jarocin, Posen, Pru ia, Oct. 14, 1829: died at New York, Jan. 5, 1884. A German statesman, one of the founders and leaders of the National Liberal party. He entered the Pru ian Landtag in 1865, and the German Reichstag in 1867, and headed the sece ionists from the National Liberal party in 1880. Lasker, Emanuel. Born at Berlin chen, near Berlin, Dec. 24, 1868. A noted German che player. His career from 1889 to 1894 has been one of continuous succe . A match with W. Steinitz for the che championship of the world, played March 15 to May 26, 1894, at New York, Philadelphia, and Montreal, resulted in favor of Lasker by 10 games to 5, with 4 draws. Laski (läs kē), or a Lasco (ä läs'kō), John. Born at the castle of Lask, Poland, 1499: died at Kalisch, Poland, Jan. 13, 1560. A Polish Protestant theologian, the second son of Jaroslaw, baron of Lask. He studied at Bologna 1515-17; was ordained a priest and dean at Gnesen 1521; went to Basel in 1523, and lived for a year with Erasmus; returned to Poland in Oct., 1525; and became bishop of Vesprim in 1529, and archdeacon of Warsaw in 1538. He became a reformer of the Swi school. In 1540 he settled in Emden, East Fries land; was appointed pastor of a congregation there in 1542; went to England on the invitation of Cranmer in Aug., 1548, returning to Emden in March, 1549; and returned to England in May, 1550, remaining there until Sept., 1553. While in England he was superintendent of the Church of Foreign Protestants in London, and took an important part in the discu ions of ecclesiastical affairs. He was a voluminous writer. La Sorbonne. See Sorbonne , La . Las Palmas. See Palmas , Las . Las Pilas (läs pē'läs). An extinct volcano in Nicaragua, Central Cer Am America, east-northeast of Leon. La a. See Lhasa . Las Salinas (läs sä-lē'näs). A place about three miles north of Cuzco, Peru: so called because salt had been obtained there. Here, on April 26, Later an Council appear monks and even popes. The angels and the ble ed upon the flowery meadows, and at the gates of paradise, are of the greatest beauty and charm. Last Judgment, The. The English version of Spohr's oratorio "Die letzten Dinge," produced growing out of a love-affair. Hamlet, Gunther, Nelusko, etc. s, The. Roderick, the last La en (läs's en), Christian. Born at Bergen, Norway, Oct. 22, 1800: died at Bonn, Pru ia, May 8, 1876. A noted Norwegian Orientalist, profe or at Bonn from 1830. He published "In disc he Altertumskunde" ("Indian Antiquities," 1844-62), etc., edited various Sanskrit works, and deciphered the Old Persian cuneiform inscriptions ("Die alt per sis chen Keilinschriften," 1836). Last Sigh of the Moor, The. See the extract. There, at Padul, on a spur of the Alpuxarras, Boabdil stood and gazed back upon the kingdom he had lost: the beautiful Vega, the towers of the Alhambra, and the gardens of the Genera life; all the beauty and magnificence of his lost home. "Allahu Akbar," he "God great," as he burst into tears. His mother Ayesha stood beside him: "You may well weep like a woman," she said, "for what you could not defend like a man." The spot whence Boabdil took his sad farewell look at his city from which he was banished for ever, bears to this day the name of "el ultimo sospiro del Moro," "the last sigh of the Moor.' Poole , Story of the Moors, p. 267. Last Supper, The. Among the noted repre 1830. A Belgian composer. He went to Bru els when only two years old, where he received his musical education. In 1851 he took the government prize. In 1857 his opera "Le Roi Edgard" was produced at Weimar under the care of Liszt. Here he was made conductor of the court theater after the latter retired. Among his other works are "Frauenlob," "Der Gefangene," and "Tristan and Isolde"-all operas; the music to Sophocles's "Edipus," to Goethe's "Faust," to Hebbel's "Nibelungen," to Devrient's version of Calderon's "Circe," and to Goethe's "Pandora." He has also written several symphonies and a large number of songs which are famous. La us (las'us), Or land us: or La o (läs'sō), Orlando (originally Roland Delattre). Born at Mons, Hainault, 1520 (1530): died at Munich, June, 1594. The leading composer (next to Pal estrin a) of the 16th century. In 1556 or 1557 he was made director of chamber-music to Albert V., duke of Bavaria, and in 1562 was made chapel-master. Herehe composed the famous music for the Seven Penitential Psalms. He composed over 2,000 works, chiefly sacred, including between 50 and 60 ma es, and a number of mad rigals, songs, etc. Last (last), Doctor. A shoemaker who pa es an amusing examination for the degree of M. D. in Foote's "The Devil upon Two Sticks." Lastarria (läs-tä-rē'ä), José Victor i no. Born at Rancagua, 1817: died at Santiago, June 14, 1888. A Chile an publicist and author. He held many important civil positions, and published works in various branches of literature: the most valuable of these relate to the constitutional history of Chile. Last Days of Pompeii. A historical novel by Bulwer, published in 1834. The scene is laid chiefly at Pompeii, 79 A. D. Last Judgment, The. Among the noted paintings with this subject are the following. (a) A painting by Fra Angelico da Fiesole, in the Old Museum at Berlin. It is an altarpiece in 3 parts. (b) A famous painting by Michelangelo, covering the entire end wall above the high altar of the Sistine Chapel, Rome. The composition is separated into 5 subdivisions: (1) above, angels with the emblems of Christ's Pa ion; (2) upper middle, Christ, with a gesture of condemnation, as the divine Avenger, with Mary at his feet; (3) on both sides, the chief of the elect; (4) at Christ's feet, the angel sounding the trump of doom; (5) below, the fate of those awakened from the dead, the ble ed borne upward, and the accursed dashed down by angels and hurled by devils into torment, The painting has suffered from incense and taper smoke, and above all from the clothing, by overscrupulous popes, of many of Michelangelo's undraped figures. (c) A fresco in the Campo Santo, Pisa, formerly ascribed to Orcagna, but now to the Lorenzetti (1350). The ble ed and the lost are rising from their graves, and being conducted to one side or the other by angels or by devils. Many great ecclesiastical and civil dignitaries are represented as in the latter case. The subject is powerfully presented; the gesture of condemnation made by Christ toward the damned is famous. (d) A very large painting by Rubens (1617), in the Old Pinakothek at Munich. The Three Persons of the Trinity occupy the central upper part of the canvas. Christ sits, as Judge, with uplifted right arm motioning to the dead to rise. The saints are gathered about the Deity. Below, the dead are returning to life, and the entire right side is occupied by the damned, who are hurled down to perdition by the archangel Michael with flaming sword. (e) An altarpiece by Roger van der Weyden (1447), in the hospital at Beaune, France. It consists of 9 compartments, with 6 more on the outside shutters, and contains portraits of Chancellor Rollin (the 'donor), of Philippe le Bon of Burgundy, and other personages. It is one of the finest of early Flemish pictures, beautiful in color. (f) A painting by Fra Angelico, in the Accademia, Florence. Christ turns toward the ble ed, with a gesture of doom to the lost, who, as they rise from their graves, are dragged off by devils to their fate. Among the lost A painting by Dieric Bouts (1467), in St. Pierre Louvain, Belgium. This is the central panel of a large altarpiece. The side panels are in the Berlin Museum. (b) A painting by Justus of Ghent, a pupil of Van Eyck, in the Istituto di belle Arti at Urbino. It is a beautiful early-Flemish picture, one of the oldest works in oils in Italy. Federigo da Montefeltro, with his family, and the Persian amba ador are introduced as spectators. (c) A painting by Luca Sign or ell i (1512), in the duomo of Cortona, Italy. It represents Christ as distributing bread to 8 kneeling apostles, while the others wait grouped behind. (d) A famous wall-painting by Leonardo da Vinci, in the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie at Milan. Christ is seated at the middle of the table, while the apostles are ranged on each side of him, full of excitement at the announcement of his impending betrayal. The painting has suffered greatly from damp, abuse, and repainting. Last Token, The. A painting by Gabriel Max, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. It shows a beautiful young girl in the Roman arena, exposed to wild beasts. Some spectator has thrown her down a rose. se. She stands over it, resting her hand against the wall, and, looking up, tries to distinguish the one who has pitied her. Last Tournament, The. One of the "Idylls of the King," by Tennyson. Las Vegas (läs vā'gäs). A town in San Miguel County, New Mexico, east of Santa Fé: a railroad and manufacturing center. Population (1890), 2,385. Laswari (las-wär'ē). A place in Rajputana, India, 78 miles south by west of Delhi. Here, Nov. 1, 1803, the British (about 4,000) under Lake defeated the Mahrattas (9,000). Latacunga (lä-tä-kön'gä), or Tacunga (tä-kön'gä). A city, capital of the province of Leon, Ecuador, in lat. 0° 55′ S., long. 78° 45′ W. It was founded in 1534 on the site of an Indian village. Between 1678 and 1797 it was destroyed four times by earthquakes. Population (1891), about 12,000. Latakia, or Latakiyah. See Ladikiyeh . Late Lancashire Witches, The. A comedy by Heywood, revived and altered by Brome, acted at the Globe in 1634. Heywood's part is evidently founded on "The Witches of Lancaster" by Т. Potts, 1613. Fleay. Later an (lat'e-ran), The. A palace in the eastern part of Rome. The present edifice dates from the 16th to 18th centuries. The palace was originally named from the Roman family Later an us to which, until the time of Nero, it belonged. Nero put the last owner, Plautius Later an us, to death, and appropriated the palace. It was given by Const an tine (who also built a church in its precincts) to the Bishop of Rome. See St. John Later an and Scala Santa. Till the 14th century the Later an was the usual residence of the pope; this was once a very extensive building, covering four times its present area. The original house is said to have belonged to the senator Plautius Later an us in the reign of Nero; but the existing part on the line of the Aurelian wall is of the 3rd century. This house, which had become the property of the emperors, was given by Const an tine as a residence for S. Sylvester; it was very much enlarged at many periods during the next ten centuries; in 1308 a great part was burnt, and in 1586 the ancient palace was completely destroyed by Sixtus V., and the present palace built by Domenico Fontana. The Capella Sancta Sanctorum is the only relic of the older palace. The present palace has never been used as a papal residence; in the 18th century it was an orphan asylum, and is now a museum of cla ical sculpture and early Christian remains. J. H. Middle ton , in Encyc. Brit., XX. 835. Later an Council. The name of a number of ecclesiastical councils held in the Later an Church at Rome. The following five are regarded by the Roman at Constantinople in 1204. It was overthrown and succeeded by the (restored) Byzantine em- pire in 1261. Latini (la-ti'nī). In ancient history, the Latins, The council of 1139, under Innocent II., which condemned the antipope Anacletus II. and Arnold of Brescia. (3) or people inhabiting Latium. Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, Aug. 25, 1851. An American journalist and miscellaneous author, son-in-law Hawthorne. He was a istant editor of the "Atlantic Monthly" 1875-77. He has written "A Study of Hawthorne" (1876), "A Masque of Poets" (1878), "An Echo of Pa ion" (1882), "Spanish Vistas" (1883), "Newport" (1884), "Behind Time" (1888), etc. Latimer, Darsie. See Red gauntlet (Sir Arthur Darsie). Latimer (lat'i-mer), Hugh. Born at Thurcas- ton, Leicestershire, about 1485: burned at Ox- ford, Oct. 16, 1555. A celebrated English prel- ate and reformer. He graduated B. A. at Cambridge in 1510; became a priest rose in favor at court, especially 1230: died there, 1294. An Italian poet, scholar, and orator. His most noted work is an ency- clopedia ("Trésor") written in French. Latin League. A confederation of the cities of Latium, existing in Italy in the earliest historic times, and continuing till 338 в. с., when the Latin towns were finally incorporated in the dominion of Rome. According to the earliest trad i. tion, the league included thirty cities, among which Alba Longa held the preeminent place. After the fall of Alba, Aricia, Lanuvium, and Tusculum, with other important communities not originally included, were united with the league. The confederation held a emblies in the grove of Ferentino, below Marino in the Alban hills, and had a common religious sanctuary in the temple of Jupiter La- tiar is on the summit of the Alban Mount (Monte Cavo), Latin Quarter. The quarter of Paris on the south side of the Seine, in the vicinity of the Sorbonne. It has been frequented for centuries by the student cla . Belgium, Italy, and Switzerland, formed by con- vention Dec. 23, 1865, and joined by Greece in 1868. Its object was the maintenance and regulation of a uniform interchangeable gold and silver coinage, based on the French franc. Its limited term was continued by two renewals (1878 and 1885), Belgium withdrawing on the latter occasion and adopting the single gold standard. Latin us (la-ti'nus). In Roman legend, a king of Latium, father of Lavinia. Latin War, The Great. A war between Rome and Latium, 340-338 B. c., ending in the subju- gation of the latter. Latium (lā'shi-um). In ancient geography, the part of central Italy lying along the Mediter- ranean southeast of Etruria and northwest of Camp an i a. The name was originally restricted to the land of the Latins, chiefly comprised in the Roman Campagna. Its chief cities formed a league, which was at war with Rome 340-338 B. C., and was incorporated with Rome after 338 B. C. In an extended sense Latium (also Latium Adjec- tum or Novum) was the region from the Tiber to the Liris or to Mount Ma icus, including the territories of the Latins, Hernicans, Volscians, and Auruncans, and (in part) of the Æquians. Latmus (lat'mus). [Gr. Λάτμος.] In ancient geography, a mountain-range in Caria, Asia Minor, east of Miletus. Latobrigi (lat-o-brī'ji or la-tob'ri-ji). A Celtic people a ociated with the Helvetii in their cam- paign of 58 B. C. They probably lived in south- ern Baden. Latona (la-to'nä). In cla ical mythology, the Roman name of the Greek godde Leto, mother by Jupiter of Apollo and Diana. See Leto . La Torre (lä tör'rā), Miguel de. Died after 1823. A Spanish general who fought under Mo- rillo in Venezuela and New Granada 1815-20, and succeeded him in command at the end of the Lauban (lou'bän). A town in the province of Silesia, Pru ia, on the Queis 38 miles west by south of Liegnitz. It was in former times an important town of Lusatia. Population (1890), 11,921. Laube (lou'be), He in rich. Born at Sprottau, Pru ia, Sept. 18, 1806: died at Vienna, Aug. 1, 1884. A German novelist, dramatist, and mis- Germany." Among his dramas are "Rococo" cell a neo us author, one of the leaders of "Young " (1846), bobo (which see) June 24, 1821. Latour (lä-tör'), Louis Antoine Tenant de. Born at St.-Yrieix, Haute-Vienne, France, Aug. 30, 1808: died at Sceaux, Aug. 27, 1881. A French poet and miscellaneous author. bert. Latour d'Auvergne (lä-tör' dō-varny'), Thé- ophile Malo Corret de. Born at Carhaix, Fin- istère, France, Nov. 23, 1743: killed at Ober- hausen, near Neuburg, Bavaria, June 27, 1800. A French soldier, named by Napoleon "the first grenadier of the republic” (he refused the rank of general). He was distinguished in the wars of 1792- 1800, and was commander of the "Infernal Column." So great was the admiration with which he was regarded that from his death to 1814 his name was retained on the roll- call of his company of grenadiers as a mark of honor, the color-sergeant answering, "Dead on the field of honor," when it was called. La Trappe (lä träp). A medieval Cistercian abbey in the department of Orne, France, near Mortagne. It was founded in 1140, and gave name to the Trappists. See Trappists . Latreille (lä-tray'), Pierre André. Born at Brives, Corrèze, France, Nov. 29, 1762: died at Paris, Feb. 6, 1833. A noted French zoölogist. Among his works are "His to ire des sal am and res" (1800), "His to ire naturelle des singes" (1801), "His to ire des four- mis" (1802), "His to ire naturelle des reptiles" (1802), "His- toire naturelle des crustacés et des insectes" (1802-05), "Familles naturelles du règne animal" (1825), "Cours d'en- tomologie" (1831), etc. Latrobe (la-trōb'), Charles Joseph. Born at London, March 20, 1801: died there, Dec. 2, 1875. An English traveler and politician, son of the musical composer C. I. Latrobe: noted as an Launces ton. The second largest town in Tas- mania, situated in the northern part 105 miles north of Hobart. Population (1891), 17,208. Launfal (län'fal), Sir. A knight of the Round Table, in the Arthur i an cycle of romance. Thomas Chestre wrote a metrical romance with this title in the reign of Henry VI. See Vision of Sir Launfal . La Union (lä ö-ne-ōn'). A seaport in Salvador, Central America, situated on an arm of Fonseca Bay in lat. 13° 20′ N., long. 87° 51′ W. Popula- tion, about 2,000. Launitz (lou'nits), Eduard Schmidt von der. Born at Grobin, Courland, Ru ia, Nov. 23, 1796: died at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Dec. 12, 1869. A Ru o-German sculptor. Launitz, Robert Eberhard. Bornat Riga, Rus- sia, Nov. 4, 1806: died at New York, Dec. 13, 1870. A Ru ian-American sculptor. Langue doc, France, situated near Castelnau- dary. It now forms parts of the departments of Aude, Tarn, and Haute-Garonne. Laurel (lâ'rel) Hill. A cemetery near Fair- mount Park, Philadelphia. Laurel Ridge. A range of low mountains, of the Appal a chi an system, in southwestern Penn- sylvan i a, east of Chestnut Ridge. Laurence (lâ'rens), Saint. [Also Lawrence ; L. Laurentius , laurel-crowned; F. Laurent , It. Lo- renzo, Sp. Lorenzo, Pg. Lourenço , G. Lorenz .] A Christian martyr of the 3d century, roasted alive in an iron chair at Rome. His festival is celebrated on Aug. 10. Laurence, Saint. A prelate of the early Eng- lish church. He succeeded St. Augustine as archbishop of Canterbury. Laurence. See Lawrence . Laurence, Friar. A character in Shakspere's "Romeo and Juliet”: a Francis can friar, the adviser of Romeo and Juliet. Laurence, Samuel. Born at Guild ford, Surrey, 1812: died at London, Feb. 28, 1884. An emi- nent English portrait-painter. Among his works are portraits of many men of letters, including Carlyle, Whewell, Browning, F. D. Maurice. Dickens, Sir Henry Taylor, Froude, Thackeray, Tennyson, and Lowell. Laurens (lâ'rens), Henry. Born at Charleston, S. C., 1724: died there, Dec., 1792. An American statesman. He became a delegate to Congre in 1776; mi ioner at Paris in 1782. was president of Congre 1777-78; and was peace com- Laurens, John. Born at Charleston, S. C., 1753: killed at the Combahee, S. C., Aug. 27, 1782. An American soldier, son of Henry Laurens, distinguished for his gallantry in the Revolu- tionary War. Laurent (lō-ron'), François. Born at Luxem- burg, July 8, 1810: died at Bru els, Feb. 11, 1887. A Belgian historian, author of "Etudes sur l'his to ire de l'human ité" (1850-70), etc. Lauren tian (la-ren's hi-an) Mountains. A range of mountains in the Dominion of Canada, forming the watershed between the Hudson Bay and St. Lawrence River systems. Often referred to as the "Height of Land." Lauren tie (lō-ron-tē'), Pierre Sébastien. Born at Houga, Gers, France, Jan. 21, 1793: died at Paris, Feb. 9, 1876. A French historian and Legitimist journalist, author of "His to ire de France" (1841-43), etc. Laurentius Valla. See Valla , Laurentius . Lauren tum (la-ren'tum). In ancient geogra- phy, a city of Latium, Italy, situated near the capital of Latium. coast, 16 miles southwest of Rome: the ancient Lauria (lou're-ä). A town in the province of Potenza, Italy, situated in lat. 40° 2′ N., long. 15° 49′ E. Population, about 11,000. Laurie (lou'ri), Robert. Born about 1755: died at Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, May 19, 1836. An English mezzotint engraver. His name was variously written Lowery, Lowry, Lawrie, etc. Laurion (la'ri-on or la-ri'on), or Laurium (la'- ri-um or la-ri'um). [Gr. Λαύριον , Λαύρειον .] Α mountain at the southeastern extremity of At- tic a, Greece. It was celebrated in antiquity for its sil- produce lead, zinc, etc. ver-mines. Recently its mines have been worked, and Laurvig (lour'vig), or Laurvik (lour'vik). A seaport in the province of Jarlsberg-Laurvig, southern Norway, 63 miles south-southwest of Christiania, near the mouth of the Laagen on the Laurvig Fjord. Population (1891), 10,932. Lausanne (lo-zän'). The capital of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, situated near Lake Ge- neva in lat. 46° 32′ N., long. 6° 38′ E.: the Roman Lausonium. It is an educational and literary center, and has a museum and a picture-gallery. The ca- thedral, dating from the middle of the 13th century, is by far the finest medieval monument in Switzerland. The transepts have low, arcaded towers on the east side, and the façades exhibit fine roses. There is a tower at the cro ing with a slender spire, and a fine tower on the south side of the west cles. The sculptured portals also are fine. The interior is of great symmetry and beauty, with a noteworthy trifo- rium, and contains many remarkable monuments, among them that of Victor A made us VIII. of Savoy. The length of the cathedral is 352 feet, length of transepts 150, height of vaulting 66. The admirable restoration was planned by Viollet-le-Duc. Lausanne was made the seat of a bish opric in the 6th century; was conquered by Bern in 1536; and became the capital of the canton of Léman in 1798, and of the canton of Vaud in 1803. Gibbon was a resident of the city. Population (1894), 36,121. Lausitz. See Lusatia . Lautaro (lou-tä'rō), or Latur (lä-tör'). Born about 1535: died Feb. (f), 1557. An Arauca- nian Indian of Chile. He was the son of a chief; was captured by the Spaniards; and became a servant of the governor Valdivia. Escaping in 1553, he joined his coun- trymen, took part in the battle of Tucapel, in which Val eignty of the people; to it was due that spirit of prop a- ganda which characterized the Argentine revolution, and the maintenance of the alliance with Chile, which gave independence to half the continent. Mitre, The Emancipation of South America (Eng. trans. [of Pilling, 1893), pp. 48, 49. Lauter (lou'ter). F. Lutter (lü-tar'). A river in Germany, forming in part the boundary be- tween the Rhine Palatinate and Alsace. It Ewigkeit" ("Looks into Eternity") appeared the following year. His principal work, in which he gives an account tion, is "Physiognomische Fragmente zur Beförderung his science of physiognomy attempts its justifica- der Menschenkenntni und Menschen lie be" ("Physiog- nomical Fragments for the Promotion of a Knowledge of Man and of Love of Man," 1775-78). Goethe contributed to it a chapter on the skulls of animals. His complete works were published 1836-38, in 6 volumes. Lavaur (lä-vōr'). A cathedral town in the de- part ment of Tarn, France, situated on the Agout 20 miles east-northeast of Toulouse. It was the leading town of the Albigenses. Pop- ulation (1891), commune, 6,477. La Vaux, or Lavaux (lä-vō'), G. Ryffthal (rēf'täl). A district in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, north of the Lake of Geneva and east of Lausanne. Lavedan (läv-don'), Henri Léon Émile. Born at Orléans, April, 1859. A French littérateur. He writes for "La Vie Parisienne" under the name of Manche court. He has also written a number of comedies, fantastic sketches, tales, etc. Lavoro, Terra di. See Caserta. Law (la), Edmund. Born at Cartmel, Lanca- shire, June 6, 1703: died at Car lisle, Aug. 14, 1787. An English prelate (bishop of Car lisle) and theological and philosophical writer. Hewas made archdeacon of the diocese of Car lisle in 1743; master of Peter house in 1756; librarian of the University of Cam- IMG:content-0603.png:[ocr errors] in its internal financial affairs. Meanwhile, in 1718, the "Banque Générale" had been transformed into the "Banque Royale," with Law as director-general and its notes guar- anteed by the king on Jan. 6, 1720, Law was made con- troller-general of finance, and on Feb. 23 the company and the bank were combined. For a while the "System" prospered, fortunes were made in speculation, and Law po e ed great power; but the overi ue of paper money and the hostile action of the government brought on the catastrophe, and in May, 1720, the "System" collapsed. cated. In Dec., 1720, however, he was invited by the czar Peter to take charge of the finances of Ru ia, but declined. Later (1721) he returned to England, remaining there until 1725, when he went to Italy. Law, Thomas. Born at Cambridge, England, Oct. 23, 1759: died at Washington, D. C., Oct., 1834. The seventh son of Edmund Law, bishop of Car lisle. He emigrated to America in 1793, became agent in Rajputana 1853; and chief commi ioner of Oudh 1857. When the mutiny broke out, May, 1857, he was in Lucknow, the defense of which he organized, and where he died from a wound received July 2. He was the author of several works on India. Lawrence, James. Born at Burlington, N. J., Oct. 1, 1781: died at sea, June 5, 1813. An American naval officer. While in command of the Hornet he captured the British ship Peacock, Feb., 1813. He was defeated and mortally wounded as commander of the Chesapeake against the Shannon, June 1, 1813. See Chesapeake . Lawrence, John Laird Mair, Lord Lawrence. Born at Richmond, Yorkshire, England, March 4, 1811: died June 26, 1879. An English states- man and administrator in India, younger brother of Sir Henry M. Lawrence. He went to India in 1829; became one of the administrators of the Panjab 1849, Eliza Parke Custis, granddaughter of Martha Washington. He wrote several works on financial topics. ford, North amp tons hire, 1686: died there, April Lawrence, Slings by. A pseudonym of George 9, 1761. An English controversial and devo- Henry Lewes. tional writer, a graduate of Emmanuel College, Lawrence, Stringer. Born at Here ford, March Cambridge, and for a time tutor of Edward Gib- 6, 1697: died at London, Jan. 10, 1775. An bon, father of the historian: author of "A Se- English soldier, distinguished by his services East Indies in 1759 wars the 1748-59, made major-general in the rio us Call to a Devout and Holy Life" (1728), etc. About 1740 he came under the influence of the mysticism of Jakob Böhme. Law against Lovers, The. A tragicomedy by Davenant, made out of "Measure for Measure" and "Much Ado about Nothing," and produced Lawes (lâz), Henry. Born at Dinton, Wilts hire, Dec. (1), 1595: died at London, Oct. 21, 1662. An English musician (a member of the king's band), composer of the music for Milton's "Comus" (1634), and of numerous songs and anthems. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Lawes, William. Killed at the siege of Chester, Sept., 1645. An English composer, elder brother of Henry Lawes. He wrote the music for va- rio us masks, instrumental pieces, etc. of Limburg, Netherlands, near Maastricht. Here, July 2, 1747, the French under Marshal Saxe defeated the allies under the Duke of Cumber land. Nicholas Boileau. Law is a Bottomle Pit, or The History of John Bull. A work by Dr. John Arbuthnot, printed in 1712 in five parts. See John Bull . Lawrence. See Laurence . Lawrence (lâ'rens). A city and the capital of Douglas County, Kansas, situated on the Kan- sas River 25 miles east by south of Topeka. It is a railway center, has flourishing manufactures and trade, and is the seat of the State University. It was founded by Free-Soil settlers in 1854, became an anti- slavery center, and was sacked and burned by Confederate guerrillas under Quantrell in 1863. Population (1890), 9,997. Lawrence. A city and one of the capitals of E ex County, Ma achusetts, situated on the Merrimac 25 miles north of Boston. It was made a city in 1853, and is one of the leading manufacturing cities of New England. Cotton and woolen are the chief manu- factures (mills: Pacific, Atlantic Cotton, Washington, Ever- ett, Pemberton, etc.). Population (1890), 44,654. at the College of Surgeons in 1815, and in 1829 succe or of Abernethy as lecturer on surgery at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Of his works his "Lectures on the Physiology, Zoology, and Natural History of Man" are noted from the fact that the courts (led by Lord Eldon) refused to protect their author's rights in them because they were held to contradict the Scriptures. Lawrence, William Beach. Born at New York, Oct. 23, 1800: died at New York, March 26, 1881. An American jurist and politician. Among his works are "Law of Charitable Uses" (1845), "Visitation and Search" (1858), "Comment a ire sur les éléments du droit international" (1868-80). He edited Wheat on's "Elements of International Law" (1855). La Writ. A whimsical French lawyer in Fletcher and Mas singer's play "The Little French Law- yer." "Being persuaded by a stranger to aid him as sec- ond in a duel, and happening to prove victorious in that Dec. 16, 1792: died at Boston, Aug. 18, 1855.com An American merchant and politician, brother of Amos Lawrence. He was United States minister to Great Britain 1849-52, and founded the Lawrence Scien- tific School at Harvard. Lawrence, Amos. Born at Groton, Ma ., April 22, 1786: died at Boston, Dec. 31, 1852. An American merchant and philanthropist. He gave about $20,000 to the academy at Groton, which received the name of Lawrence Academy in 1843. Lawrence, Charles. Died at Halifax, Nova Scotia, Oct. 17, 1760. An English general (com- mander of a brigade at the siege of Louis burg), lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia 1754, and governor 1756. Lawrence, George Alfred. Born 1827: died Sept. 23, 1876. An English novelist. He wrote "Guy Living stone" (1857), etc. Lawrence, Lawrence, Sir George St. Patrick. Born at Trin com a lee, Ceylon, March 17, 1804: died at London, Nov. 16, 1884. An English general, elder brother of Sir Henry M. Lawrence. He served with distinction in India from 1822 to 1864, except for a brief period, and was made major-general in 1861. He wrote "Forty-three Years in India" (1874). Lawrence, Sir Henry Montgomery. Born at Matura, Ceylon, June 28, 1806: died at Luck- now, July 4, 1857. A noted English general and administrator in India. He was the fourth son of Colonel Alexander Lawrence (an Indian officer), and brother of Lord Lawrence and Sir George St. P. Lawrence. He served in India from 1822, and was appointed resident at Lahore Jan. 8, 1847; president of the board of admin is- tration in the Panjab April 14, 1849; governor-general's Layamon mannus), from AS. * laguman , lahman (= Icel. lagamadhr, lögmadhr ), 'law-man,' a judge or juror.] Lived about 1200. An English priest, author of a semi-Saxon paraphrase of Wace's "Roman de Brut." See Brut . All that is known of his life is contained in a few pa ages of his work which refer to himself. From these it appears that he was a priest and lived at "Ernley" - that is, Areley Regis in North Worcesters hire. Layanas (li-ä'näs). An Indian tribe of Matto Gro o, Brazil, a branch of the Guanas (which see). Layard (lā'ärd), Sir Austen Henry. Born at Paris, March 5, 1817: died at London, July 5, 1894. An English archæologist and diplomatist, noted for his archæological discoveries in Asiatic Turkey. He was a member of Parliament for South wark 1860-70; under-secretary for foreign affairs 1861-66; commi ioner of works 1868-69; minister to Spain 1869-77; and amba ador to Constantinople 1877-80. He has published "Nineveh and its Remains" (1848), "Fresh Discoveries at Nineveh, and Researches at Babylon (1853), "The Monuments of Nineveh" (1849-53), "Inscriptions in the Cuneiform Character from A yrian Monuments" (1851), etc. Laybach. See Laibach . Laycock (lā'kok), Thomas. Born in Wether by, Yorkshire, 1812: died at Edinburgh, Sept. 21, 1876. An English physiologist, profe or of the practice of physic in Edinburgh University. He wrote "A Treatise on the Nervous Diseases of Women" (1840), "Mind and Brain" (1859), etc. IMG:content-0604.png:[ocr errors] Lay of the Last Minstrel. A narrative poem by Sir Walter Scott, published in 1805. The scene is laid on the Scottish border, 16th century. Lays of Ancient Rome, The. A volume of poems by Macaulay, published in 1842. Lazarillo (laz-a-ril'lo). 1. A character in Beaumont and Fletcher's "The Woman-Hater," de scribed as a voluptuous "smell-feast" in the old dram at is personæ. He is a poor and hungry courtier, whose whole soul is given to the subject of delicate eating, with a particular desire toward an umbrana's (fish's) head, which he pursues through the play and finally ob tains by marrying its po e or. 2. A character in Middle ton's play "Blurt, Master Constable," a Spanish gentleman of exaggerated etiquette. Lazarillo de Tormes (lä-tha-rēl'yō dā tōr'mes). A work by Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (first known edition 1553), the autobiography of a boy, "Little Lazarus," who began life as the guide a blind beggar. "With an inexhaustible fund of good humor and great quickne of parts, he learns, at once, the cunning and profligacy that qualify him to rise to still great er frauds and a yet wider range of adventures and crimes in the service succe ively of a priest, a gentleman starving on his own pride, a friar, a seller of indulgences, a chaplain and an alguazil, until, at last, from the most disgraceful motives, he settles down as a married man; and then the story terminates without reaching any proper conclusion, and without intimating that any is to follow." ( Ticknor .) The book enjoyed great popularity. Starvation is raised to the dignity of an art. It was "the foundation for a cla of fictions e entially national, which under the name ralist, a istant librarian, and later a istant keeper, of the natural-history department in the British Museum: noted especially for his work in entomology and malacology. He withdrew from the museum in 1821. He published "The Zoological Miscellany" (1814-17), "Mala cost raca podophthalma Britanniæ, or a Monograph on the British Crabs, etc." (1815-16), "Systematic Catalogue of the Specimens of the Indigenous Mammal i a and Birds that are preserved in the British Museum, etc." (1816), "A Synopsis of the Mollusca of Great Britain, etc." (ed. by J. E. Gray 1852: but in part printed and circulated as early as 1820). Lebanon "Lir" was another Ocean-god who was worshipped both in Ireland and Britain. He appears in the Irish romance on "the fate of the Children of Lir" as a king of the divine race whose children were turned into swans by enchantment: "and the men of Erin were grieved at their departure, and they made a law and proclaimed it throughout the land, that no one should kill a swan in Erin from that time forth." In the Welsh histories he appears as "Lear." According to the version in Geoffrey of Mon mouth's history, which Shakespeare adopted as the framework of his tragedy, King Lear built the town of Leicester about the when Amos was a prophet in Israel; and his daughter Cordelia is represented as burying him in a vault under the River Sore, which had been originally built as a TemElton, Origins of Eng. Hist., p. 279. After the death of Brutus the author of Perce forest drags us through the history of his numerous descendants. One of these monarchs is King Leyr, whose story was first related of a Roman emperor in the Gesta Romanorum, and was afterwards told of the British monarch in the Chronicle of Geoffrey of Mon mouth. These works were the origin of Shakspeare's celebrated tragedy, which, however, differs so far from them that both in Geoffrey's Chronicle and Perce forest the events have a happy conclusion, Lead beater (led'bē"tér), Mrs. (Mary Shackle- ton). Born at Ballitore, County Kildare, Ireple of Janus. land, Dec., 1758: died there, June 27, 1826. An English writer, of Quaker birth, a friend and correspondent of Burke. She published "Poems" (1808), "Cottage Dialogues among the Irish Peasantry" (1811), "Cottage Biography" (1822), "Annals of Ballitore" (published 1862 as "The Lead beater Papers" by R. D. Webb). Leadville (led'vil). A city and the capital of Lake County, Colorado, situated about 10,200 feet above sea-level, 78 miles southwest of Den- ver. It is noted for the mining of silver and lead (and formerly of gold). Settled 1877. Population (1890), 10,384. as Cordelia defeats her sisters and reinstates her father on the throne. From Perce forest the tale had found its way into Fabyan's "Concordance of Histories," written in the time of Henry VII., and thence pa ed into various lamentable ballads of the death of King Leyr and his three the tragic termination has given in French history, the Holy League, formed in the Roman Catholic interest in 1576. The Guise family was at its head, and it carried on for many years a contest against Henry of Navarre. See Holy League. League of the German Princes, The. [G. Der Fürstenbund.] A league formed at the instance of Frederick the Great in July, 1785, between Pru ia, Hannover, and the electorate of Saxony, against the emperor Joseph II. It was afterward joined by Brunswick, Mainz, He e-Ca el, Baden, Mecklenburg, Anhalt, and the Thu ring i an lands. League of the Public Weal. [F. Ligue du bien publique . publique .] A union of powerful French nobles formed against Louis XI. about 1465. Leah (lē'ä). [Heb., probably 'wild wild cow.'] Elder daughter dau of Laban, and first wife of Jacob (Gen. xxix.). She became the ancestre of the six tribes Reubecame the mother of Dinah, the only daughter of Jacob mentioned. She was buried in the double cave (Machpelah), the family burial-place of the patriarchs, at Hebron.