alcohol (al'ko-hol). i

The pure spirit of wine, ethyl alcohol or ethyl hydroxid, C2H5OH, obtained by distillation from all liquids which have undergone vinous fermentation. When it contains about an equal weight of water, it is termed proof spirit. The first product of distillation is technically called low wines and is again subjected to distillation. The latter portions of what comes over are called feints and are reserved for a further proce in the wash-bowl. The second product is termed raw spirit and when again distilled is called rectified spirit. The strongest alcohol that can be produced is termed absolute alcohol, or anhydrous alcohol, to denote its entire freedom from water. 2. The U. S. Ph. name for a liquid composed of 91 per cent, by weight (94 per cent, by volume) of absolute ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent, by weight (6 per cent, by volume) of water. Alcohol is used by some as a heart stimulant in diseases a ociated with debility or depre ion of the system, as typhoid and typhus fever, diphtheria, etc., generally in the form of wine or spirits. Locally, alcohol is antiseptic and astringent and is used in the preservation of anatomical and biological preparations. It is also universally used in the making of tinctures and fluid extracts. 3. A general name for organic hydroxid compounds, derived from hydro compounds by replacing hydrogen by the group hydroxyl (OH). Alcohols are divided into hydric, dihydric, and trihydric, according as one, two, or three hydroxyl radicles enter into their composition. Alcohols are also divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary a's, according as the hydroxyl radicle is attached to a primary, secondary, or tertiary carbon atom, absolute a. See a. absolutum. a. absolutum. A liquid containing 99 per cent, of ethyl alcohol [U. S. Ph.; Br. Ph.]. See ethyl a, a. amylicum (amy lie alcohol). 1. A name for fusel oil, an oily, nearly colorle liquid having a strong, offensive odor and an acrid taste. It is an active irritant poison. See fusel oil. 2. Any one of the alcohols, which contain five carbon atoms, GHiiOH. The isobutyl a. is the chief ALCOHOLIZE constituent of fusel oil. a. dilutum. A liquid containing 49 per cent, of ethyl a. [U. S. Ph.]. aromatic a. An a. in which one of the hydrocarbon groups is phenyl, CeHs, or one of its homologues. butyl a. CH9.OH. One of the constituents of fusel oil. cumin a. An aromatic alcohol, QoHuO, derived from cuminic aldehyd. denatured a. A commercial term for any alcoholic liquid which has been rendered unfit for drinking, so that it may be sold without a license, deodorized a. Ethyl a. from which odorous and coloring matters have been removed by filtration through charcoal. dilute a. See a. dilutum. ethyl a. NCH3-CH2-OH. A colorle mobile liquid, almost odorle and having a burning taste. It is inflammable, burning with a blue flame. Specific gravity, 0.789 at 200 C. Boiling point, It has 78. 30 C; affinity a strong melting for point, 1120 water; C. when mixed with equal parts of it, there is an evolution of heat and a contraction of volume. It is one of the most valuable organic solvents and the mother substance of many important pharmaceutical preparations. For certain industrial purposes it is denatured, methyl a. Syn.: wood spirits, wood alcohol, CH3OH. A colorle liquid of a peculiar pleasant odor. It is inflammable and its boiling point is 670 C. Its poisonous effect is much greater than that of ethyl a. It is prepared from the distillation products of wood. myricyl a. Meli yl alcohol, C30H61OH. vanillyl a. The compound, CgH3(OH)(OCH3)CH2OH, formed from vanillin by reduction. wood a. See methyl fine a. [Arab., powder al, the, of antimony used-f-ink oh'l, the the East to paint the eyebrows, indicating something very subtile.]