Cæsar, made by Julius Cæsar his chief heir

After Cæsar's death he went from Epirus to Rome (spring of 44 B. c.); gained the influence of Cicero, the senate, and the people against Antony; was reconciled with Antony, and formed with him and Lepidus the second triumvirate in 43; took part in the proscription of 43, and in the victory over Brutus and Ca ius at Philippi in 42; carried on the Per us i an war 41-40; became more closely allied with Antony (40), and ruler over Aunis held the consulship twice in the Samnite war, 323 and 319 в. с. Aulic Council. In the old German Empire, the personal council of the emperor, and one of the two supreme courts of the empire which decided without appeal. It was instituted about 1501, and organized under a definite constitution in 1559, modified in 1654. It finally consisted of a president, a vice-president, and eighteen councilors, six of whom were Protestants: the unanimous vote of the latter could not be set aside by the others. The Aulic Council ceased to exist on the extinction of the German Empire in 1806. The title is now given to the council of state of the emperor of Austria. Aulich (ou'lich), Ludwig. Born at Presburg, 1795: died at Arad, Oct. 6, 1849. A Hungarian general in the revolution of 1848-49. He was surrendered to the Austrians after the capitulation of Vilagos Aug. 13, 1849, and was hung as a rebel. Aulick (a'lik), John H. Born at Winchester, Va., 1789: died at Washington, D. C., April 27, 1873. An American naval officer. He entered the navy as a midshipman 1809, commanded the Vincennes 1847; was for a time commander of the East India squadron; and was retired April 4, 1867, with the rank of commodore. Aulintac (a-lin' tak). A tribe of North American Indians formerly inhabiting a village of the same name under Santa Cruz Mi ion, California. See Cost a no an . Germany. August an History, The. A collection (date and authorship unknown) of lives of the Roman emperors from Hadrian to Numerianus. The lives bear the names of Ælius Spart i an us, Julius Capitol in us, Vulcacius Gallican us, Trebellius Pollio (all of as early as the time of Diocletian), Ælius Lamp rid i us, and Flavius Vopiscus (early in the 4th century). Aug us ten burg (ou-gös'ten-börg). A castle in the island of Alsen, Schleswig-Holstein, whence the house of Aug us ten burg was named. Aug us ten burg Line. A branch of the royal house of Denmark and Oldenburg founded by Ernst Günther (1609-89), son of Duke Alexander (died 1627). To this line belong Caroline Amalie, queen of Christian VIII. of Denmark, and the German empre August a Victoria. August in. See Augustine . August in a. See A gust in a . Augustine (a-gus'tin or â'gus-tin), Saint, L. Aurelius August in us. Born at Tagaste, Numidia, Nov. 13, 354 A. D.: died at Hippo, Numidia, Aug. 28, 430. The most celebrated father of the Latin Church. He was educated at Madaura and Carthage; taught rhetoric at Tagaste and Carthage; and removed to Rome in 383, and to Milan in 384, where he became a friend of Ambrose. Originally a Manic he an, he was converted to Christianity, largely through the influence of his mother Monica, and was baptized by Ambrose in 387: in 395 he was made bishop He was the champion of orthodoxy the Donatists and Pelagians. His most famous works are his autobiography entitled "Confe i ones" (397), and "De Civitate Dei," "Of the City of God" (426). Augustine, or Austin (âs'tin), Saint. Died at Canterbury, England, May 26, 604 A. D. A Benedictine monk sent by Pope Gregory I. as mi ionary to Kent in 597: surnamed "The Apostle of the Anglo-Saxons." He became the first archbishop of Canterbury about 600. Augustine, Life of St. A series of seventeen frescos by Benozzo Gozzoli (1465), in the choir of San Agostino, in San Gimignano, Italy,, The finest are the "Death of Santa Monica" and the "Burial of St. Augustine." Augustodunum (a-gus-to-du'num). [L., hill of August us.'] The capital of the ancient Ædui, on the site of the modern Autun. August one me tum. The Roman name of the modern Clermont, in France. August or i tum (a-gus-tor'i-tum). [L., 'ford of August us.'] The Roman name of the modern Limoges, the capital of the Lemorices, a Gallic tribe. Augustowo (ou-gös-tō'vō), or Augustow (ougös'tov). A town in the government of Suwalki, Ru ian Poland, situated on a small lake and on the Netta about lat. 53° 50′ N., long. 22° 58′ E. Population, 9,476. August ulus (a-gus'tū-lus), Romulus. [L., 'little August us.'] The last Roman emperor of the West, 475-476 A. D., son of Orestes who deposed the emperor Julius Nepos, and seized the government of the empire, while he had the title of emperor conferred on his son. August ulus was compelled by Odoacer to abdicate after the defeat and death of his father at Pavia. "He was called Romulus from his maternal grandfather, a Count Romulus of Noricum, while August us is known to have been a surname at Aquileia." ( Smith , Hist. of the World.) August us was popularly changed to the diminutive August ulus in derision emperor's youth. the West; renewed the triumvirate in 37; subdued Sex tus Pompey in 36; and defeated Antony and Cleopatra at Actium in 31, remaining sole ruler of the Roman dominion. In 28 he was made Princeps Senatus, and received the title of "August us" in 27. August us preserved the republican but united in his own person the generals carried on in Spain, Africa, Germany, etc., but the Roman advance in the last-named country received a definite set-back through the defeat of Varus by Arm in i us in 9 A. D. Under August us Roman literature reached its highest point, and the temple of Janus was closed. The birth of Jesus Christ also occurred in his reign. August us, G. August (ou'göst). Born July 31, 1526: died Feb. 12, 1586. Elector of Saxony 1553-86, brother of Maurice whom he succeeded. Originally a Calvin ist, he was induced by his wife Anna of Denmark to embrace Luther an ism, and was one of the chief instruments in securing the adoption of the "Formula Concord iæ" 1580. August us II., G. August, Frederick, G. Fried rich (as Saxon elector, Frederick August us I., G. Fried rich August). Born at Dresden, May 12, 1670: died at Warsaw, Feb. 1, 1733. Elector of Saxony 1694-1733, surnamed "The Strong." He was elected king of Poland 1697; joined Peter the Great and Denmark against Charles XII. 1700; invaded Livonia in the same year; was defeated by the Swedes at Riga 1701 and at Kli ow 1702; was deposed from the Polish throne through the influence of Charles XII. in 1704; and was reinstated in 1709, after the defeat of Charles at Pultowa. August us III., G. August, Frederick, G. Fried rich (as Saxon elector, Frederick August us II., G. Fried rich August). Born at Dresden, Oct. 17, 1696: died at Dresden, Oct. 5, 1763. Elector of Saxony, son of August us II. whom he succeeded as elector in 1733: he was elected king of Poland the same year. He supported Pru ia in the first Silesian war. In the second Silesian war he sided with Austria, being compelled at its close (Peace of Dresden, Dec. 25, 1745) to pay to Pru ia a war indemnity of one million rix-dollars. He became involved in the third Silesian (or Seven Years') war 1756-63 through a secret treaty with Austria. The electorate during the whole of the war was occupied by the Pru ians. August us Frederick. Born in London, Jan. 27, 1773: died at Kensington, London, England, April 21, 1843. Prince of Great Britain and Ireland and Duke of Su ex, the sixth son of George III. He was a patron of literature and art, and president of the Royal Society 1830-39. August us, Arch of. See Arch of August us . August us, August us and Livia, Temple of. A Roman Corinthian temple in Vienne, mple in Vienne, France. It is hexastyle, pseudo peripteral, and placed on a raised basement measuring 49 by 884 feet, with a flight of steps in front. The height is 57 feet. The building was transformed into a church in the middle ages, and injured, but is well restored. Aujila (a-jē'lä or ou-jē'lä). An oasis in the Libyan desert, Africa, about lat. 29° N., on the route between Egypt and Murzuk, noted for its dates. Auk (ak). A tribe of North American Indians living in Stephens Pa age and on Admiralty and Douglas islands, Alaska. They number 640. See Koluschan . Auld Lang Syne. A song by Burns, written IMG:content-0150.png:[blocks in formation] raphy, a town on the eastern coast of Bœotia, Greece, in lat. 38° 24' N. It was the rendezvous of the Greek fleet in the expedition against Troy. Aulne. See Aune . Aulnoy, d'. See Aunoy , d ' . Aumale (ō-mäl′), in the middle ages Albamarla, E. Albemarle (äl-be-märl'). A countship of France, formed by William the Conqueror in 1070. It pa ed to various families, finally to that of Lorraine, and was created a duchy in 1547. By marriage it pa ed to the house of Savoy, from whom it was purchased by Louis XIV. in 1675 for his illegitimate son the Duc du Maine. Aumale. A small town in the department of Seine-Inférieure, on the Bresle, France, 37 miles northeast of Rouen: the Roman Alba Marla, Albamarla, or Aumalcum. Population (1891), 2,219. Aumale. A town in the province of Algiers, Algeria, 58 miles southeast of Algiers. Population (1891), commune, 5,706. Aumale, Duc d' (Claude de Lorraine). Born 1526: died 1573. A French Roman Catholic partizan leader in the civil wars. Aumale, Duc d' (Charles de Lorraine). Born 1556: died 1631. One of the French Leaguers, commander at the battles of Arques and Ivry, son of Claude de Lorraine. Aumale, Duc d' (Henri Eugène Philippe Louis d'Orléans). Born at Paris, Jan, 16, 1822: died at Zucco, Sicily, May 7, 1897. The fourth son of Louis Philippe. He served with distinction in the army in Algeria 1840-47; was governor-general of Algeria 1847-48; became a member of the A embly 1871, and of the French Academy; and was appointed general of division in 1872. In 1873 he was president of the Bazaine tribunal. In 1886 he was expelled from France. He published "His to ires des Princes de Condé" (1869), "Institutions mil it a ires de la France" (1867), etc. Aumont (ō-môn'), Jean d'. Born 1522: died Aug. 19, 1595. A French general, appointed marshal of France in 1579. He was one of the first to recognize Henry IV., on the death of Henry III., in 1589, and was made governor of Champagne and later of Bretagne. He fought in the battles of Arques and Ivry. Aungervyle, Richard. See Bury, Richard de. Aunoy (ō-nwä'), or Aulnoy (ō-nwä'), Comte e d' (Marie Catherine Jumelle de Berneville). Born about 1650: died 1705. A French writer of tales, romances, and memoirs, best known from her fairy stories. She wrote "His to ire d' Hippolyte, Comte de Douglas" (1690), "Contes des fées" (1710), "Contes nouveaux" (1715), etc. Most of her fairy tales are borrowed from the "Nights" of Str a parol a. Among her works are the "Yellow Dwarf" and the "White Cat," stories which no doubt she did not invent. but to which she has given their permanent and well known form. She wrote much else, memoirs and novels which were bad imitations of the style of Madame de la Fayette, but her fairy tales alone are of value.. Saints bury , French Lit., p. 326 Aune, or Aulne (on). A river in Britt any. Leanch France, which flows into the Roads of Brest Length, about 70 miles. Aunis (ō-nes'). The smallest of the ancient governments of France, lying between Poitou on the north and Saintonge on the south, and principally comprised in the department of Cha rente-Inférieure. It was conquered by Loui VIII. 1223-26. In general it shared the for tunes of Aquitaine. The Century Cyclopedia of Names on the island of Rapa (or Oparo), Austral Islands, South Pacific, a coaling-station of the Panama, New Zealand, and Sydney Line. It is a French po e ion. Aurangabad. [Hind. Aurangabad , city of Aurung-Zebe.] A city in the Nizam's dominions, in lat 19° 51′ N., long. 75° 21′ E., the former Mogul capital and the favorite residence of Aurung-Zebe, now partly in ruins. Population in I (1891), 33,887. the & F derney. Aurillac (ō-rēl-yäk'). The capital of the department of Cantal, France, situated on the Jordanne in lat. 44° 56′ N., long. 2° 25′ E. It has diversified manufactures and an active trade. Annual horse-races occur here in May. Population (1891), 15,824. Aurinia (a-rin'i-a). The Roman name of AlA uri villi us (a-ri-vil'i-us, in G. pron. ou-rê derney. Austin, Stephen Fuller in Latin verse addre ed by him to Count Arbogastes is extant. Auspitz (ou's pits). A town in Moravia, Austria-Hungary, 54 miles northeast of Vienna. Population (1890), commune, 3,654. Au a (ou'sä). A place in Adal, eastern Africa, about lat. 11° 30′ N. Au ee (ou'sā). A small town in Styria, Austria-Hungary, on the head streams of the Traun 38 miles southeast of Salzburg. It has noted salt-works, and is a watering-place. bad, or Aurungabad. A district in the Ni zam's dominions, British India. Area, 6,176 square miles. Population (1891), 828,975. Auray (ō-rā'). A seaport in the department of Morbihan, France, situated on the Auray 10 miles west of Vannes. Near it is St. Anne, a place of pilgrimage. It is an important center of oyster-culture. Population (1891), commune, 6,236. Auray, Battle of. A victory gained 1364 by Jean V., duke of Britt any, and Sir John Chandos over the French under Charles de Blois and Duguesclin. Aurelia (a-re'lyä). 1. In Marston's "Malcontent," the duche , a di olute, proud woman, whose character is depicted in Marston's highest strain.-2. A pretty but impertinent and affected coquette in Dryden's comedy "An Evening's Love, or The Mock Astrologer." Aurelia gens (a-rēʻlyä jenz). In ancient Rome, a plebeian clan or house whose family names were Cotta, Orestes, and Scaurus. The first member of this gens who obtained the consul ship was C. Aurelius Cotta (252 в. с.). Aurelian (a-re'lyan) (Claudius Lucius Valerius Domitius Aurelian us). Born probably at Sirmium, Pannonia, about 212 A. D.: killed near Byzantium, 275. Emperor of Rome 270-275. He was of obscure birth, and rose from the rank of a private to the highest post in the army; was designated by Claudius as his succe or; and defeated the Alamanni 271, and Zenobia, queen of Palmyra, 272-273. called by the senate the Restorer of the Roman Empire as Aurelian, Wall of. See Wall of Aurelian . Aurelian us (a-re-li-a'nus), Cælius. Born perhaps in Numidia: lived in the 2d century A. D. A Roman physician, author of a treatise ins books on chronic and acute diseases. To the former 3 books were devoted, and to the latter 5. Aurelius, Marcus. See Marcus Aurelius . Aurelius (â-rē'lyus). An amorous squire in Chaucer's "Franklin's Tale." See Dorigen . Aurelius Victor (vik'tor). A Roman historian of the 4th century A. D. He was the author of a brief history of the emperors (the "Cæsares") to near the end of the reign of Constant i us, and, perhaps, of a so called "Epitome" in which the history is brought down to the death of Theodosius I. A later, unknown hand added to the "Cæsares" the "Origo gent is Romanæ" and the "De viris illustribus" which have been ascribed to him. Aurelle de Paladines (ō-rel' de pä-lä-dēn'), Claude Michel Louis. Born at Malzieu, Lozère, France, Jan. 9, 1804: died at Versailles, Dec. 17, 1877. A French general. He served in Algeria and the Crime an war; defeated the Germans under Von der Tann near Coulmiers, Nov. 9, 1870; and was defeated at Beaune-la-Rolande Nov. 28, and before