THE BACILLUS TUMESCENS

(AFTER ZOPF.) rend. de l'acad. des sc.,” cii. p. 943 (B).J—B. tumescens [Zopf]. Syn.: Bacterium tumescens [Zopf]. A species forming a tough, wrinkled, whitish pellicle on moist, cooked ‘ Mohrrüben ” which have been kept at the ordinary temperature. It consists of rows of. long rod-forms united in chains aud imbedded in zooglcea. These rods aplia up into short rods and cocci [Zopf], becoming laterally distended in Gas In these short rods and cocci_spores form. [B, 237, 238.]—B. tym abdominal is, B. typhosus. Fr., bacille ty phique (ou de la fièvre typhoide). Ger., Typhus bacillus. It., bacillo tifoso. Syn: Bacterium Cae A B. discovered by Eberth and others in the spleen, lymphatic glands, and Peyer's patches of patients dead of pypneld fever, and in the urine and æces in some cases, but not in the blood, nor in connection with the suppurative complications of the disease; said to secrete the poisonous ptomaine typhotoxine. It occurs as short, slender, very’ motile rods with rounded ends, having a Jength of 2 to 3 z and a breadth one third as great. In cultivation-fluids they frequently form long pseudo-filaments and, according to some, are provided with flagella. They reproduce at elevated temperatures by the endogenous formation of terminal spores. They do not liquefy gelatin and form in it superficial grayish-white colonies with jagged edges, which under the microscope present numerous intersecting lines and furrows looking like a ma of spun gla . On potatoes they develop a very characteristic cultivation, forming upon it a moist, shining, very tenacious pellicle which’ so closely resembles the natural surface of the potato as not to be distinguished from it by ocular inspection, but which is readily detected when an attempt is made to detach it with a needle. This pellicle consists of a ma of proliferating Bacilli. Attempts at producing typhoidal disorders in the lower animals by inoculation with this B. have usually failed (Gaffky and others], but recent attempts by Friinkel and Simmonds, by Seitz, and by Sirotinin, have been succe ful, and a typical disease resembling more or le typhoid fever in symy toms and pathological lesions has been thus produced in mice, rabbits, and. Sule pe They also found that animals which survived a single inoculation of this sort were proof ee subsequent inoculations. Its pathogenetic action is thought by Sirotinin to be due to the development by it of a specific ptomaine. The B. typhi abdominal is has been said to occur in contaminated water ‘and in the soil; but this is not certain, although it is capable of cultivation and development in various kinds of water. Besides the B. of Kberth, two other Bacilli have been regarded as the cause of tyhoid fever—the B. of Klebs, which differs from that of Eberth in its color reactions and manner of spore-formation, and that of Tayon. The latter is described as forming fine granulations and short, very motile rods, which, after inoculation in the dog, become elongated spore-bearing filaments. The spores are both medial and terminal, Injected into the per it onæum of animals, it causes death, and inoculated subcutaneously in animals and man, it produces fever and diarrhoea with apparent immunity from the effects of a second inoculation. [Klebs (B, 108), B, 122, 238; E. Fränkel and M. Simmonds, ** Ctribl. f, Bacteriol, u. Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No. 4, p. 108 (B); K. Seitz, ib., No. 5, p. 147 (B); M. Simmonds, ib., No. 9, p. 262 (B); W. Sirotinin, “Ztschr. f. Hyg.,' i, p. 465 (B); Tayon, “* Comptes rend. de l'acad. des sc.,” xcix, p. 333, c, p. 375, el, BR 450 (B).] See also Bacterium catenula.—B. ulna Cohn). é Vibrio b. (in part) [Ehrenberg], Metallacter ulna [Trevis an], Bacterium ulna [Miller]. A motile B. of 3 & or more in length and 1°5 to 22 w broad, found in decoctions of cooked egg-albumin and underneath the shell of a hen’s-egg. It forms filaments and spores in the same way as B. subtil is, the spores being 2'5 to 28 u long and over 14 broad. It grows well in albuminous nutrient eee without producing any change in the latter. Itis perhaps the same as the bactéridie des infnsions of Davaine. |B, 30, 238.)—B. ureæw. 1. Of Leube,a B. found in old urine and capable of converting urea into ammonium carbonate. It forms short stout rods, 2 long and 14 broad, with rounded ends. It does not liquefy gelatin and forms on it superficial colonies in the Bind of a series of concentric rings. ‘Two other Bacilli—one forming thick oval rods, 1°2 to 1’54 long and 077 to 0'8 u thick, and the other somewhat slenderer and with blunt en described By Leube as having a similar action upon urea, They both are capable of cultivation in gelatin. 2. Of Miquel, a species found in urine and perhaps identical with B. ulna. tb. 30, 238.|—B, violaceus [Becker]. The violet B. of water. [B, 237: Becker, “ Jahrb. der inu. auslges. Med.,” ccix, 1886, p. gi (B). See Bacilli of water.—B. virens [Van Tieghem]. ' A species foun in stagnant water, forming yellowish-green filaments, sometimes motile, usually non-motile, producing in their interior oval colorle ene It is nearly related to the Sporonema gracile (perhaps identical with it), and is po ibly not a B. at all, but one of the Schizophyceæ. (Van Tieghem, * Bull. de la soc, bot. de Fr.,” 1880, p. 174 B); “ Bot. Jahresb.,” 1881, i, p. 314 (B); B, 238.]—B. virgula. See SPIRILLUM choleræ asiatice.—B. virid is. ‘Syn,: Bacterium viride (Van Tieghem]. A species found in rain-water, consisting of minute rod-forms colored green (probably from the presence of chlorophyll) and multiplying by division and by the endogenous formation of colorle , hig! ly refractive spherical or ovoid spores. It is not. certainly a B., and is perhaps to be referred to the Schizophyceæ. (Van Tieghem, “ Bull. de la soc. bot. de Fr.*(B, 73); “ Bot. Jahresb.,”” 1881, 1, p. 314 (B); B, 238,)—13. von Denecke (Ger.). See SPIRILLUM tyrogenum.—B. von Finkler-Prior (Ger.). See SPIRILLUM Finkler-Prior.—B. xerosis conjunctive. See B. of xerosis epithelial is conjunctive.—B. Zopfil. Syn.: Bacterium Zoprt (Kurth]. A species obtained from the vermiform appendix of hens and occurring under the form of motile rods,2 to 5 long and 075 tol broad. These develop into long filaments which a ume various splay twisted, and glomerulus-like forms. These Gu up into shorter segments, 5 to 50 u long. which again grow, and usually ina direction different from that of the axis of the filament. These segments again break up into spherical bodies, regarded as Micrococci by Kurth, but more correctly considered to be spores. The B. forms whitish-yellow colonies on gelatin. It is not pathogenetic. It is perhaps the same as Bactéridie in test in ale of Davaine. Recentl, Schedtler has obtained developmental forms of the B. Zopfii muci resembling those of the Proteus, and he believes that the so-called Zoogloea form of the Proteus mirabilis is really due to the B. Zopfit, [B, 30, 238; H. Schedtler, “ Arch. f. path. Anat. u. Phys. u. £, klin,