FERMENT

n. Fu5r-me2nt'. Gr., v>r). Lat,, fermentum (from fervere, to ferment). Fr., /. Ger., F., Gdhrung toff. It.. Sp., fermento. An organic body, capable, in small quantities, of decomposing other organic bodies without yielding any of its own substance to the product of the fermentation. The fs are divided into two great cla es, the organized fs and the soluble fs (q. v.). [a, 27.] Acetic f., Acetous f. See Vinegar /. Album i no sic f. Ger., eiwei paItendes F. A f. (such as pepsin) that decomposes albumin or other proteids. [J; K, 16.] Alcoholic f. Any one of the several species of Saccharomyces which produce alcoholic fermentation. [B.] See also BACILLUS fitzianvs and BACILLUS caucasicus. Alterative f. A soluble f. contained in yeast, having the power of splitting cane-sugar (saccharose) into glucose and Isevulose by hydration. [B. 31. 244 (a, 27).] Ammoniacal f.. Of Musculus, a soluble f. supposed by him to be the cause of the ammoniacal fermentation of urine, which, however, has been since shown to be due to an organized f. (the Bacillus ureae). [B, 31, 238.] Amylolytic f. Fr., /. amylolytique, f. glycosique, f. diastasique. Ger., diastatisches F. Star kef erm ent, amylolytischer Gdhrung toff. A soluble f. (e. g., diastase and glycogen f.) which converts starch and other amylaceous substances' (glycogen, etc.) into sugar or glucose. [J.] Animal f. Fr., /. animal. Ger., thierischer Gahrung toff. 1. Of Hoffmann, see Morbific f. 2. An f. secreted by the animal organism. Cf. Vegetable fs. [a, 34.] A picul a ted f. The Saccharomyces a picul at us. [B, 31 (a, 27).] Bacterium f. The diastatic ferment of bacteria. It converts wheat-starch, canna, and other varieties, except potato-starch, into a soluble modification which under favorable circumstances is transformed into sugar. [Wortmann, "Ztschr. f. phys. Chem.." vi, p. 287 (B).] Bee fs. Soluble f's contained in the head, thorax, and abdomen of working bees. They completely invert cane-sugar, and convert starch into dextrin and sugar, [a, 27.] Beer f. The Saccharomyces cerevisice. [B, 246.] Blood-f's. See F's of the blood. Butyric f. Lat., fermentum butyricum. The f. producing butyric fermentation. [B.] See BACILLUS butyric us, BACILLUS amylobacter, BACILLUS butylicus, and BACTERIUM of butyric-acid fermentation. Cellulosic f. The Bacillus amylobacter. [B, 244 (a, 27).] Chemical f. See Soluble /.Diastatic f. Fr., /. diastatique. Ger., diastatisches F. See Amylolytic /.Digestive f. Fr.. /. digestif. Ger.. Verdctuungsf. A soluble f. of either animal or vegetable origin, which acts upon a special kind of food. The digestive fs are the amylolytic or diastatic f., the proteolytic or album i no sic f.; the alterative or inversive f., the emulsive and saponifying f., and the milk-curdling f. [J.] Eiwei paltendes F. (Ger.). See Album i no sic f. Emulsive f. A soluble f. found in pancreatic juice, having the property of emulsifying fats. [Landois and Stirling (B).] Fat-decomposing f., Fat-digesting f., Fat-f., Fat-splitting f. Ge:\, fettzerlegendes F. A f. supposed to exist in the pancreatic juice, which is capable of splitting up the fats into glycerin and fatty acids. [K, 3, 16.] See STEAPSIN. F. figure (Fr.). See Organized /. F. non figure (Fr.). See Soluble /. F. of beer. See Beer f. F. of bread. The Saccharomyces minor. [B, 246 (a, 27).] F. of carnivorous plants. An unorganized f. found in the secretion of the glands of the sundew (Drosera), Venus fly-trap (Droncea), and other insectivorous plants. It is similar to. if not identical with, pepsin, and has the power to transform proteid matters into peptone. [B, 229, 291 (a, 24).] F. of chyle. A diastatie f. found in chyle. [A, 429.] F. of fruit. The Saccharomyces a picul at us. [B, 246 (a, 27).] F. of milk. A diastatic f. found in the milk. [A. 429.] F's of the blood. These include a diastatic f. and a fibrin forming f. [A. 429.] See also BACILLI of the blood. F's of the intestine. These include invertin and a proteolytic f.. a diastatic f., and a milk-curdling f. [A, 429.] F. of the liver. See Glycogen /.F's of the pancreas. These include amylopsin, trypsin, an emulsive f., steapsin, and a milk-curdling f. [A, 429.] F. of the saliva. See PTYAIIN. F's of the stomach. Lat., ferment a ventriculi. These include pepsin, the milk-curdling f., the lactic acid f., and the fat-decomposing f. [A, 429.] F. of the urine. See Ammoniacal f. F. of wine. The Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, Saccharomyces pa.it or i an us, and Saccharomyces conglomerate. [B. 246 (a, 27).] F'papier (Ger.). Turmeric paper impregnated with the urinary f. by pa ing through it the muco-purulent urine of vesical catarrh. Such paper brought into contact with a urea solution is colored brown by decomposition of the urea through the urinary f. into ammonium carbonate. [B, 270.] F. vivant (Fr.). See Organized f. Fibrin f., Fibrin-forming f. Ger., Fibrinf. Of Schmidt, a body existing in blood-plasma which promotes the combination of fihrinogen and para globulin. and thus brings about the coagulation of the blood. [Pfluger's " Archiv." xi, pp. 291. 515; xiii pp. 93, 146 (K).] Formed f. See Organized f. Gastric fs. See F's of the stomach. Glycogen f. Fr., /. glycogen i que. Ger., U2, blue; U3, lull; U, full; U, urn; U, like ii (German). [s. 27]