JEWELRY

articles of personal adornment, often of great value owing to their being manufactured from precious metals and set with precious stones. Term includes such articles as swords, the scabbards or handles of which are set with poms and caskets and insignia, of various nightly orders, J. is not to be confused with gems (g.v.), which are engraved stones. Probably the first articles of J. were carved beads; native gold was used from an early date, and from the many examples of ancient J. it is evident that the ancients had a complete commanct over the metal, hammering it into ver} thin plates or drawing it into very fine wires for plaiting or twisting. The metal was sometimes very beautifully chased and embo ed. Rings found in their tombs show that the early Egyptians were skilful engravers, and could chase, solder, and enamel metals and also set precious stones. The ancient Greeks and Romans were highly artistic; the Etruscans were very fine metal-workers, and one of their lost arts is the giving of a granulated appearance to a golden surface. The Celts and Scand in avians were skilful engravers, and some results of their work is seen in the ancient brooches of Scotland and Ireland. Sometimes very fine examples of inlaying and filigree work are seen in these brooches. The Hindoos have always been fond of rich J., and have produced much beautiful filigree work and enamelling. Ancient J. was produced entirely by craftsmen, but in modern times machinery is much used, oo in the manufacture of eap J. The J. trade is carried on in most of the large cities of the world, but especially at Paris, Vienna, and New York. Fine filigree work is done at Malta, and red coral J. comes from Naples. 1909), an American novelist and short story writer; b. in South Berwick, Me. After graduating from Berwick Academy, she began writing and became a steady contributor to _ the -~ Atlantic Monthly, in which publication appeared most of her short stories, largely character sketches of New England. Among her writings are: Deep haven, 1877; A Marsh Island, 1885; The King of Folly Island and Other People, 1888; Tales of New England, 1890; The Life of Nancy, 1896; and The Tory Lover, 1901.