Erythroxylon (erithroksilon)

[NL., drug coca. (See cocal.) Several other South American spe are reputed to po e medicinal properties. E. nogunum is a small tree of southern India, with a very hard dark-brown heart-wood, which is used as a substitute for sandal-wood. Some others have a bright-red wood, occasionally used in dyeing. See cut on next page. IMG:content-0708.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0709.jpg:[blocks in formation] acc. pl. of masc. and neut. nouns having orig. escallopé (es-kal-o-pā'), a. vowel-stems: see -s2.] The earlier form of the escalloped. now more common plural suffix -s, retained after a sibilant (like the phonetically similar po e ive suffix: see -esl ), as in la es , paces , horses, roses, bushes , churches , hedges , foxes , etc. When the nominative singular ends in a final silent e, the plural suffix is regarded, orthographically, as simply -8, but it is historically -es (the nominative final e being dropped before inflectional suffixes, and the medial e (in -es) being suppre ed by syncope after vowels and non- sibilant consonants), as in does , dues , ties , etc., companies , families, etc., plural of doe , due , tie , etc., company , fam- ily , and other words in -y, originally -ie . -es3. [ME. -es, -s: see -83.] The earlier form of -s3, the suffix of the third person singular of the present indicative of verbs, retained after a vowel, as in huzzaes , goes , does , etc. When the infinitive ends in silent e, the personal suffix is regarded, orthographically, as simply -s , but it is historically -es , the infinitive -e being dropped before inflectional suffixes, as in rues, endues, etc., defies, supplies , accompanies , etc., in- finitive rue , endue , defy , accompany , etc., the termination -y being formerly -ie . -es4. [L. -es , nom. sing. term. of some nouns and adjectives of the 3d declension, being usually stem-vowel-e-or-i-+ nom. sing. -s.] The nom- i native singular termination of some Latin nouns and adjectives of the third declension. Examples of such nouns, used in New Latin or English, are tabes , pubes . -es5. [L. -es , also -is , nom. and acc. pl. of masc. and fem. nouns and adjectives of the 3d declen- sion, = AS. -as, E. -es, -s: see -es2, -82.] The nominative plural termination of Latin mascu- line and feminine nouns and adjectives of the third declension. Examples of such nouns, used in New Latin or English, are Aves , Pisces , fasces. escalade (es-ka-lad'), n. [Formerly also esca- lado; escalade (also F.), escala- da (= It. scalata ) , an escalade, prop. fem. pp. of escalar (= It. scalare ), scale, climb, escala = It. scala , scala , a ladder: see scale3 .] A mounting by means of a ladder or ladders; es- pecially, an a ault on a fortified place by troops who mount or pa its defenses by the aid of ladders. In this Time of the Regent's Absence from Paris, the King of France drew all his Forces thither, using all Means po ible, by Escalado , Battery, and burning the Gates, to enter the City. Baker , Chronicles, p. 184. Sin enters, not by escalade , but by cunning or treachery. Buck minster . escalade (es-ka-lad'), v . t .; pret. and pp. esca- laded , ppr. escalading . [= F. escalader ; from the noun.] To scale; mount and pa or enter by means of a ladder: as, to escalade a wall. escalader (es-ka-lā'der), n. [= Sp. Pg. esca- lad or = It. scalatore ; from the verb.] One who enters a fortified or other place by escalade. The succe ful escaladers opened the gates to the entire Persian host. Grote, Hist. Greece, V. 117. escaladot, n. See escalade . escalier-lace (es-kal'iā-lās), n. [F. escalier , a staircase ( scalare , L. (in pl.) scala- ria , a staircase, neut. of L. scalar is , pertaining to a stair or ladder: see scalary ), + É. lace .] A solid or filled-up lace, with small set patterns, of squares, made by leaving out two or three stitches at a time. Escallonia (es-ka-lō'ni-ä), n. [NL., named after Escallon , a Spanish trav- America, who first found the species in the United States of es-2. [ME. es-, es- , Sp. Pg. es- , esca- lade, esquire , especial , estate , estray , of ultimate Latin origin, and escarp , eschew , etc., of Teutonic origin, some of which have also forms (original or aphetic) without the e-, as scutcheon, squire, special, state, stray , etc., while some with original (Old French or Middle English) es- have only s- in modern English, as scrivener , spiritual , strain , etc. This Old French es- in most cases became later e-, modern Frenché-: see equery , écu. In exchequer this ori-eler in South ginal es- has become ex- , suggesting falsely a Latin origin. -es1. [Mod. E. reg. written ' s , -es , -is , -es : see -sl.] The early form of the pos- se ive or genitive case singular, now regular- ly written 's, but still pronounced as -es (-ez) after a sibilant, namely, s, z, sh , ch (= tsh ), j, written -dge , -ge (= dzh ), x (= ks ), as in la 's , pace's , horse's , rose's, bush's , church's, hedge's , for's , etc. (formerly written la es , paces , horses , roses, bushes, churches, hedges, foxes , etc.), words forced to conform in spelling to other words, like boy's , man's , etc. (formerly written boys , mans , etc.), where the e is actually suppre ed in pronunciation; in Middle English and ear- lier the suffix was regularly -es , which still re- mains in po e ives like horses (Anglo-Saxon and Middle English horses ), guides (Middle Eng- lish gides ), now written with the apostrophe, like other words, horse's , guide's. See-sl. -es2. [Mod. E. -es or -s according to preceding escallop, consonant, scallop . Colombia.] South American genus of trees or shrubs, of the about 25 species, evergreens, bearing panicles of red or white flowers. A few have been in- troduced into culti- vation. escalloped, escaloped (es-kol'opt), a. In her ., represented as covered with escallop or scal- lop-shells: said of the field; also, covered with an imbri- cated pattern of curving lines. Also escallopé, counter - escal- loped, counter - scalloped . escallop-shell (es-kol'op- shel), n. See scallop - shell . escambio (es-kam'bi-ō), n. [ E.exchange ), ML.excambium , exchange: see exchange .] In Eng . law , a writ formerly granted to merchants to empower them to draw bills of exchange on persons beyond the sea. escapable (es-kā'pa-bl), a . [ escape + -able .] Capable of being escaped; avoidable. North British Rev. escapade (es-kā-pād'), n. [OF. and F. esca- pade , a prank, trick, frolic, fling of a horse, orig. an escape, scappata (= Sp. Pg. esca- pad a ), escape, flight, prank, scappare , escape: see escape .] 1. The fling of a horse, or a fit of flinging and capering about. He with a graceful pride, While his rider every hand survey'd, Sprung loose, and flew into an escapade ; Not moving forward, yet with every bound Pre ing, and seeming still to quit his ground. IMG:content-0710.png:[graphic] IMG:content-0711.png:[blocks in formation] A small number that escape the sword shall return. Jer. xliv. 28. Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny. Shak ., Hamlet, iii. 1. How few men escape the yoke, IMG:content-0712.png:[blocks in formation] escarpar = It. scarp are, cut steep, as rocks or slopes, to render them inacce ible. Hence, by apheresis, scary, the usual E. form: see scarp, v.] In fort., to slope; give a slope to. course of law, by a person in custody of the law. A constructive escape is where the prisoner, though still under restraint, gets more liberty than the law allows him. The word escape is commonly used in reference to the liability of the sheriff for suffering an escape; and, thus con sidered, escapes are voluntary or involuntary or negligent: to quit his custody without one of the creditor or with out legal discharge; and involuntary or negligent, when an arrested person quits the custody of the officer against voluntary, when an officer permits an offender a debtor his 4. A means of flight; that by which danger or injury may be avoided, or liberty regained: as, a fire- escape. The refuge and consolation of serious and truly religious minds is more and more in literature and in the free es capes and outlooks which it supplies. John Burroughs , The Century, XXVII. 926. Sp. Pg. escarp a = It. scarpa ); from the verb. Hence, by apheresis, scarp, the usual E. form: see scarp, n.] In fort., that side of a ditch surrounding a rampart which is nearest to the rampart: the opposite of counterscarp. escarpment (es-kärp'ment), n. [F. escarpe ment, escar per, escarp: see escarp and- ment.] 1. In fort., ground cut away, nearly vertically, about a position in order to render it in acce i ble to an enemy. The old Porto Batavo walls still surround the town, W. H. Ru ell, Diary in India, I. 82. with moat and escarpments. Arch, tower, and gate, grotesquely windowed hall, And long escarpment of half-crumbled wall. 5t. Excuse; subterfuge; evasion. he found agreeable to the word of God among the heathen, that he might take from them all escape by way of ignorance. Raleigh. 6t. That which escapes attention; an oversight; a mistake. Readyer to correct escapes in those languages, then to be controlled, fitter to teach others, then learne of anye, In transcribing there would be le care taken, as the language was le understood and so the escapes le subject to observation. Lyly , Euphues and his England, p. 459. Brere wood, Languages. 7t. An escapade; a wild or irregular action. Rome will despise her for this foul escape. Shak., Tit. And., iv. 2. 8. In bot., a plant which has escaped from cultivation, and become self-established, more or le permanently, in fields or by roadsides.9. Leakage or lo , as of gas, or of a current of electricity in a telegraph or electric-light circuit by reason of imperfect insulation; also, in elect., a shunt or derived current.-10. In arch., the curved part of the shaft of a column where it springs out of the base; the apophyge. See cut under column.