Niantic

See Narraganset. It is the terminus of numerous steamship lines to all parts commercial importance. Population (1890), Niam-Niam. See Nyam - Nyam . 44,794. Nez Percé. See Chopunnish . of the world, and also of many coasting lines and of rail- roads. Its varied manufactures include clothing, boots and shoes, bread, furniture, cigars, beer, machinery, books, etc. It is connected by ferries with Jersey City and Hoboken on Ngala (ngäʻlä), or Bangala (bäng-gä'lä). A uated in lat. 1o N. Length, 95 miles. Bantu tribe of the Kongo State, settled on the Nia a. See Nya a . Kongo River where it bends to the southwest, Nibelungenlied (ne'be-löng-en-led). [G., 'Song the west, and is traversed by several lines of elevated railroads. (See Brooklyn Bridge .) Central Park is the chief park; Broadway the busine artery; Fifth Avenue the principal fashionable street; and Wall street the financial center. The city is the seat of Columbia University, the University of the City of New York, Union Theogood soldiers for the Kongo State army. See Mbangala . between the Balolo, Baloi, and Babangi. Strong and brave, though notorious as cannibals, they furnish logical Seminary and the Protestant Episcopal Seminary, Ngalanganja (ngä-läng-gän jä). See Garen and of the New York Public Library (Astor, Lenox, Tilden foundations), the Mercantile Library, tend ganze and Nyamwezi. politan Museum of Art, Cooper Institute, and the Museum of Natural History. (See Brooklyn .) The old city hall, founded in 1803, while of moderate size, is not surpa ed by any other example of architecture in the city. The style is the English Renai ance, and the plan presents a central pavilion flanked by wings which at their extremities project toward the front. The building has 2 stories above the basement, the central pavilion having in addition an attic and a Ngambue (ngäm'bwe), or Bangambue (bäng- gäm'bwe). A Bantu tribe of Angola, West Africa, settled on the Kakulovare River in the highland back of Mo a me des. They are kinsmen of the Nyaneka tribe, and, like these, peaceful agricul- turists owning cattle. Ngami (ngä'mē), Lake. A lake in southern projecting porch of 8 Ionic columns above a broad flight of Africa, situated about lat. 20° 30′ S., long. 22° 40' E. It was discovered by Living stone in 1849, and falls within the sphere of British South Africa. Nganga (ngang'ga), or Man gang a (mänggäng gä). A Bantu tribe in British Nyas sal and, at the south end of Lake Nya a. The mountaineers are called Kantundu, the dwellers of the plain Chipeta: their dialects are slightly different. The Nganga language has a rising literature, most of which is printed in the Scotch mi ion stations. It is also spoken by the Makololo, who, left on the Shire by Living stone, have become powerful by acce ions from neighboring tribes. Also called Wanya a . steps. The central pavilion and the projecting portions of the wings are ornamented with orders of pilasters, Ionic below and Corinthian above, and with engaged arcades framing the windows. There is a small arcaded and domed central tower, surmounted by a figure of Liberty. The gov ern or's room is adorned with an interesting collection of historical portraits. Other prominent buildings are the post-office, produce exchange, cotton exchange, customhouse, Roman Catholic cathedral, Trinity Church, and Madison Square Garden (which see). The city was settled by the Dutch in 1623, and called at first New Amsterdam Manhattan Island being purchased from Indians for $24 in 1626. It was surrendered to the English in 1664, retaken in 1673, and restored in 1674; was the scene of Leisler's unsucce ful insurrection in 1689-91, and of the supposed negro plot in 1741; was occupied by the British in Sept., 1776; and was evacuated by them Nov. 25, 1783. It was the State capital from 1784 to 1797, and the capital of the United States from 1785 to 1790. A great fire occurred in 1835; the Astor Place riot in 1849; the Crystal Palace Industrial Exhibition in 1853; the draft riots in July, 1863; and the Orange riot July 12, 1871. Population of the original city Nganhwei. See Anhwei. (1890), 1,513,301, according to the national census; according Ngindo (ngen'do), or Wang in do (wäng-gen' to a municipal census, 1,710,715; police census, April, 1895, Ngangela (ngang-gā'lä), or Ovangangela (o-väng-gang-gāʻlä). A Bantu tribe of Angola, West Africa, east of the Upper Kunene and Kuanza rivers. They are clever iron-workers and wax hunters, belonging to the same cluster as the Ovimbundu. Also Bang angela . 1,849,866. Population of the enlarged city, about 3,100,000, do). A Bantu tribe of German East Africa, New York, Greater. The popular name of the new municipality which includes New York, Brooklyn (Kings County), Long Island City, Staten Island, West chester, Flushing, New town, Jamaica, and parts of East Chester, Pelham, and Hempstead. In 1894 the question of consolidation was submitted to the vote of these places, and they declared in its favor. Abill for that purpose was introduced in the legislature in 1896, and became a law on May 11 of that year. The charter was adopted in 1897. See New York. New York Bay. The bay at the mouth of the Hudson on which New York city is situated. It includes New York Upper Bay, the harbor formed by the union of the North and East rivers, partly inclosed by Manhattan Island, New Jersey, Staten Island, and Long Island (length about 6 miles), and New York Lower Bay, an arm of the Atlantic east of Staten Island. New York University. An institution of learning at New York, founded in 1831. It contains faculties of art, science, law, and medicine, and had (18961897) 133 instructors and 1,313 students. New Zealand (zē'land). A group of islands, a British colonial po e ion, in the Pacific Ocean, situated southeast of Australia, and included mostly between lat. 34° 20′ and 47° 30′ S., and long. 166° 30′ and 178° 30′ E. Capital, Wellington. It includes North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island. The North Island is somewhat mountainous, the South Island largely so (the Southern Alps culminate in Mount Cook, 12,349 feet). The chief industry is agricul. ture; the leading exports are gold, wool, sheep, agricultural products, etc. Government is vested in a governor, appointed by the crown, and a general a embly consisting of a legislative council (appointed by the crown, now for 7 years) and a house of representatives (elected). The group was discovered by Tasman in 1642, and was visited by Cook. A mi ionary settlement was made in 1814. The settlers have been often at war with the natives (Maoris), especially in 1860-61 and 1863-66. Area, 104,471 square miles. Population (estimated, 1893), 672,265, Ney (na), Michel, Duc d'Elchingen, Prince de la Moskowa. Born at Saarlouis (now in Pru ia), Jan. 10, 1769: shot at Paris, Dec. 7, 1815. A celebrated French marshal. He entered the army in 1787; became a general of brigade in 1796; obtained command on the Rhine in 1799; gained the victory of El. chingen Oct. 14, 1805 (for which he was created duke of Elchingen); took part in the battles of Jena Oct. 14, 1806, Eylau Feb. 7-8, 1807, and Fried land June 14, 1807; served in Spain 1808-11; rendered important service at Borodino Sept. 7, 1812 (for which he was created prince of the Moskva); commanded the rear-guard in the retreat from Ru ia in 1812; served at Lützen May 2, Bautzen May 20-21, and Leipsic Oct. 16-19, 1813; was defeated by Von Bülow at Dennewitz Sept. 6, 1813; served in the campaign of 1814; was made a peer after the restoration in 1814 by Louis XVIII.; deserted to Napoleon in 1815; was defeated by Wellington at Quatre-Bras June 16, 1815; and commanded the Old Guard at Waterloo June 18. He was condemned by the House of Peers as a traitor, and shot. Nez d'un Notaire (nā dun nō-tar'), Le. [F., 'The Nose of a Notary.'] A romance by Edmond About, published in 1862. spread over a vast area between the Rufiji and Umbekuru rivers, and between their kinsmen the Wakichi and the Machonde. Their chests and arms are tattooed, and two incisors are sharpened. They have always opposed the slave-trade. The language is called King in do, the country Ungindo. Kanuri . Ngola (ngo'lä). A Bantu tribe of Angola, West Africa, whose adapted name (Angola) is also applied to the native Angola nation and to the Portuguese province of Angola. The king of Ngola, whose residence used to be at Loanda, was driven by the Portuguese first to Pungo And on go, and then to the Kambu and Hamba valleys, where his people still dwell in complete independence. The Ngola people are slender, dark colored, oval-faced, with fine features and extremities, shrewd and warlike, agricultural and pastoral. Their hair is plaited and shaped into various patterns. Their dialect in its purity is the base of Kimbundu. Ndongo, Matam ba, and Ndanji are the three provinces of the Ngola kingdom. Jinga is the name generally used by the Portuguese for Ngola or Ndongo. Ngornu. See Angornu . Nguru (ngöʻrö). A mountainous and fertile district west of Zanzibar, drained by the Luseru and Luiga rivers. The population is dense, and consists of the Wanguru, Wahumba, and Wachambala tribes, whose villages are fortified by stockades. See also Niagara (ni-ag'a-rä). A river in North America which flows from Lake Erie northward into Lake Ontario. It separates New York on the east from the province of Ontario, Canada, on the west. Length, 32 miles. It descends about 326 feet in rapids and cataract. See Niagara Falls . Niagara. A town in Niagara County, New York, situated on the river Niagara, and contain ing the villages of Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge. Population (1890), 10,979. Niagara, Battle of. See Lundy's Lane. Niagara Falls. The largest cataract in the world, situated in the Niagara River 17 miles north-northwest of Buffalo. It is divided by Goat Island into the American Fall (164 feet high) and the Canadian (or Horseshoe) Fall (150 feet high). The width of the river at the brink of the fall is 4,750 feet. The waterpower of the falls (the total amount of which is believed to be several millions of horse-power-much more than all the steam-power and water-power now utilized in the United States) is now, in small part, utilized by means of turbine water-wheels set at the bottom of shafts 140 feet deep and connected with a tunnel for the escape of the water, which empties below the town of Niagara. Niagara Falls, from the Canadian side. A painting by F. E. Church (1857), in the Corcoran gallery, Washington. The same artist's painting of Niagara from the American side is in the Stewart collec tion, New York. Niagara Falls. A village in Niagara County, New York, situated opposite Niagara Falls. Population (1890), 5,502. Niagara of Brazil. The cataract of Paulo Affonso on the river São Francisco. of the Nibelungs.'] A Middle High German epic poem, written in its present form by an unknown author in South Germany in the first half of the 13th century. The legends, however, are much earlier, having been handed down orally. Its hero,, Siegfried, is a mythical prince and later king of Niderland (the region about Xanten on the lower Rhine), who po e ed the so-called "hoard of the Nibelungs," won by him in Norway. He wooed Brunhild, a prince of Island, for the Burgundian king Gunther, whose sister, Kriemhild, be came his wife. He was afterward treacherously slain, and the hoard was ultimately sunk in the Rhine. The Nibelungenlied is the greatest monument of early German literature. Historical and mythical elements are mingled in it. Wagner's "Ring of the Nibelungs" has taken little except names from the German epic. The source of his material is the Old Norse version of the legend contained in the Volsunga Saga and the Edda. See Ring des Nibelungen. Nibelungs (ne'be-löngz), The, G. Nibelungen (ne'be-long-en). In German legend, originally a race of Northern dwarfs, so called from their king Nibelung; then applied to the followers of Siegfried (the conquerors of the hoard of the Nibelungs); later identified with the Burgundians. Niblo's Garden. A theater on Broadway, near Prince street, New York city. It is one of the oldest in the city, having been opened in 1828 as the Sans Souci: in 1829 it was a concert saloon. Niblo's garden and theater, owned by William Niblo, were opened in 1839, burned in 1846 and in 1872, and reopened the latter year. It was taken down in 1895. Nicæa (ni-sē'ä), Anglicized as Nice (nēs). [Gr. Νικαία.] In ancient geography, a town in Bithynia, Asia Minor, situated on Lake As can i a 58 miles southeast of Constantinople: the modern Isnik. It was built in the 4th century B. C., and was one of the chief cities of Bithynia; was the seat of the first general church council in 325 A. D., and of the seventh in 787; and was taken by the Crusaders in 1097, and by the Turks in 1330. Nicæa (in France). [Gr. Νίκαια .] See Nice . Nicæa, Empire of. A Greek empire (1206-61), founded by Theodore Lascar is, which had its center at Nicæa, Asia Minor, during the period of the Latin Empire at Constantinople. It was merged in the restored Byzantine empire in 1261. Nicander (ni-kan'der). [Gr. Νίκανδρος .] Lived probably in the 2d century B. C. A Greek poet, grammarian, gramm and physician, author of two extant poems on venomous animals and poisons. Nicander (ne-kän'der), Karl August. Born at Strengnäs, Sweden, March 20, 1799: died Feb. 7, 1839. A Swedish poet. The death of his father while he was a child left him without means, and in early life he was a tutor. His first important work was the dramatic poem "Runesvärdet" (1821), whose motive is the con flict between heathenism and Christianity. Two poems, "Ta os död" ("The Death of Ta o"") and "Konung Enzio ("King Enzio"), the former of which won the prize of the Swedish Academy, were on Italian subjects. He was now (1827) enabled to undertake a journey to Rome, which, however, ended disastrously in that he was left, without means, to make his way home as best he could. Subsequently he was given a subordinate position in the public service, and made some translations for the royal theater. "Minnen från Södern" ("Reminiscences of the South"), a description of his travels, appeared in 1831. This was followed by "Hesperiden" ("The Hesperides "), a volume of poems and tales. His last work was the poem "Lejonet i Öknen ("The Lion in the Wilderne "), a eulogy of Napoleon. His life to within a few years of his death, when his literary work at last yielded him an income sufficient for his needs, was almost a constant struggle with want. His collected works appeared at Stockholm in 1877, in 2 vols. The Nicaragua (nik-a-rä'gwä or në-kä-rä'gwä). One of the five republics of Central America. Capital, Managua; chief city, Leon. It is bounded by Honduras on the northwest and north, the Caribbean Sea on the east, Costa Rica on the south, and the Pacific on the west, and is traversed from southeast to northwest by a depre ion including the river San Juan and Lakes Nicaragua and Managua (the route of the proposed ship-canal). Much of the eastern coast included in the Mosquito Reservation is low (see Mosquitia ). There are numerous volcanoes; earthquakes are frequent and sometimes violent. most important exports are coffee, hides, cabinet-woods, rubber, fruits, and gold; silver-mining, formerly a very important industry, has been abandoned. The inhabitants are Spanish creoles, Indians, a few negroes, and mixed races. Spanish is the common language, and the state religion is Roman Catholic. The chief executive is a president, chosen for 4 years; and congre consists of a senate and chamber of deputies. Columbus coasted the eastern side of Nicaragua in 1502, but it was first explored from the Pacine side by Gil Gonzalez Davila in 1521-22. It was settled 1524-25 by Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba, acting for Pedrarias. During the colonial period it was a province of Guatemala. Independence was proclaimed in 1821, and from 1823 to 1839 Nicaragua was a state in the Central IMG:content-0731.png:[blocks in formation] longed to the county of Provence. It was sacked by the Saracens; pa ed to Savoy in 1388; was captured by Bar- baro a; pa ed to France in 1792, and again to Sardinia in 1814; and was ceded to France in 1860. It was severely Ma éna and Garibaldi. Population (1891), 88,273. Nice (in Bithynia). See Nicæa . Nice, Councils of. See Nicene Councils . Nice, Truce of. A truce concluded at Nice, American Federation. Since 1840 it has been an indepen- dent republic. Civil wars and struggles with the other Cen- tral American republics have been frequent. The filibuster Walker held a part of the country 1855-56. Area, about 49,000 square miles. Population (estimated, 1894), 360,000. Nicaragua, Lake. [See Nicarao .] A lake in the southern part of Nicaragua. It receives the waters of Lake Managua by the Tipitapa, and has its out- let in the San Juan. The surface is 110 feet above sea-level, the depth varying from 12 to 83 feet. There are several in 1538, between Francis I. of France and the emperor Charles V. Nicene Councils. Two general councils which met at Nicea in Asia Minor. The first Nicene Council, which was also the first general council, met in first Nicene Council as ecumenical has been almost uni- Nicholas IV. (Girolamo d'Ascoli). Pope versal among Christians of all confe ions. It is acknow- 1288-92. ledged to the present day not only by the Roman Catholic Nicholas V. (Tommaso Parentucelli). Born and Greek churches, and by many Protestant churches, but by Nestor i ans, Jacobites, and Copts. The Anglican Church Nicene Creed or Symbol. A summary of the chief tenets of the Christian faith, first set forth as of ecumenical authority by the first Nicene Council (325), but closely similar in wording to ancient creeds of Oriental churches, and spe- cially founded upon the baptismal creed of the Church of Cæsarea in Palestine. Nicephorus (ni-sef'ō-rus) I. [Gr. Νικηφόρος.] Born at Seleucia, Pisidia: killed 811. Byzantine emperor 802-811. He was at war with Harun- al-Rashid and with the Bulgarians. Nicephorus II. Phocas. Born about 912: a as- sinated 969. Byzantine emperor 963-969. He was distinguished, both before and after his acce ion, as a general in wars with the Saracens. Nicephorus III. Byzantine emperor 1078-81. Nicephorus Bryennius (bri-en'i-us). Born at Or est i as, Macedonia: died after 1137. A Byzan- tine historian, husband of Anna Comnena. He wrote a Byzantine history which was completed by his wife. Nicephorus Cal list us (ka-lis'tus). Died in the middle of the 14th century. A Byzantine ec- clesiastical historian. Nicephorus Greg or as (greg'ō-ras). Born in Asia Minor, 1295: died about 1359. Ä Byzantine his- tori an. He wrote a Byzantine history. Nicephorus Patriarch a (pā-tri-är'kä). Born 758: died 828. A Byzantine historian, patriarch of Constantinople 806-815. He wrote a Byzantine his- tory, "Breviarium" (ed. by J. Bekker), and a chronology. Nicetas A com in at us (ni-sē tas a-kom-i-na'tus) or Choniates (kō-nī'a-tēz). Born in Phrygia, Asia Minor: died at Nicma, Bithynia, about zantine history (ed. by J. Bekker). Nice Valour, The, or the Pa ionate Mad- man. A comedy by Fletcher and another (Mid- dleton, according to Fleay), printed in 1647, but produced much earlier (before 1624). In this play is "Hence, all you vain delights," a song which formed the basis of Milton's "Il Penseroso." Nichol (nik'ol), John. Born Sept. 8, 1833: died Oct. 11, 1894. A Scottish writer and lec- turer, son of J. P. Nichol: profe or of English James I." literature in Glasgow University from 1861 to 1889. He has published "Fragments of Criticism" (1860), "English Composition" (1879), "The Death of Them is to- cles, and Other Poems" (1881), "American Literature: an Historical Review" (1882), etc. Nichol (nik'ol), John Pringle. Born at Brechin, Scotland, Jan. 13, 1804: died near Rothesay, Scotland, Sept. 19, 1859. A Scottish astronomer. He wrote "Views of the Architecture of the Heavens" (1838), "The Stellar Universe" (1847), "The Planetary System" (1848-50), etc. Nicholas (nik'ō-las), Saint. [Prop. spelled Nic- olas ; F. Nicolas (also Nicole , whence E. Nicol , Nicoll, Nichol, Nichols , etc.), Sp. Nicolás , Pg. Nicoláo , It. Nicola , Nicolo , D. Niklaas , Kla , G. Nikolaus , Niklas , Klaus , Ru . Nikolai , Nikola , L. Nicol a us , also Nicolas , from Gr. Νικόλαος, later forms of which are Νικόλας and Νικόλεως , victor of the people.] Lived about 300 A. D. A noted bishop of Myra, Lycia, Asia Minor. He has been adopted as the patron saint of Ru ia, and is also regarded as the patron saint of seafaring men, thieves, vir- rigs and children. He is a prominent saint of the Greek Church, and his festival is celebrated Dec. 6. He owes his position as Santa Claus (corruption of Sant Nicol a us ) to the legend that he wished to preserve the three daughters of a poor nobleman from dishonor when the father, having no money for marriage portions, was about to force them to support themselves by a degrading life. St. Nicholas, pa ing the house at night, threw a purse of gold in at an open window for three nights in succe ion, thus furnishing a dowry for each daughter. On the third night the noble- man watched for and discovered him, but the saint made him promise not to reveal his munificence. From this in- cident is said to be derived the custom of placing gifts in the shoes or stockings of children on the eve of St. Nich- olas's day, and attributing the gifts to Santa Claus. The Nichols, Sir Richard. See Nicolls , Sir Richard . Nichols, Thomas. Born in Pembrokes hire, Wales, 1820: died at London, May 14, 1879. An English writer. He was profe or of biblical literature at Car mar then College (1856), and was one of the founders The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names Nicholson, William begun in 1797. IMG:content-0733.png:[blocks in formation]