pep to toxine (peptotoksin)

[ Pepysian (pe'pis-i-an), a. [ the time of Charles II. We cannot breathe the thin air of that Pepysian self denial, that Him a lay an selectne , which, content with one bookcase, would have no tomes in it but porphyro geniti, books of the bluest blood. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 292. Pepysian Library, a collection of prints, books, and manuscripts bequeathed by Samuel Pepys to the library of Magdalene College, Cambridge. per (per), prep. [L.: see per-.] Through; by means of. ( a ) A Latin preposition, the source of the prefix per-, and used independently in certain Latin phrases common in English use, as per se, per saltum, especially in law phrases, as per capita, per curiam, per pares, per stirpes, etc., and certain common commercial phrases, as per centum, per diem, per annum, whence, by an imperfect translation, as a quasi-English preposition, in similar commercial phrases with an English noun, as per day, per week, per year, per hour, per hundred, per dozen, etc., per bearer, per expre , by credit as per ledger, received per steamer Southampton, etc. (b) An Old French preposi tion (from the Latin), occurring in some phrases now written as one word, as peradventure, percase, perchance, per haps, etc., and in phrases of heraldry: as, party per pale; per bar; per bend; per saltier. It occurs as par- in para mour, parfay, pardy (also perdy ), etc. - Five per cent. cases. See casel.-Per accidens, by accident. - Per annum, by the year; in each year; annually. - Per capita, in law, by the head or poll: applied to succe ion when two or more persons have equal right. See per stirpes, below. -Per-cent, mark, the commercial sign %. - Per centum, per cent., in or by the hundred. See cent. - Per chief. See chief. - Per curiam, in law, by the court: a phrase prefixed to judicial opinions indicating the sanction of the court to the statements therein, as distinguished from the individual opinions of a particular judge.-Per diem, by the day; in each day; daily used of the fees of officers when computed by the number of days of service. Per fas et nef as, through right or wrong; whether right or wrong. - Per fe e, fret, long, etc. See the nouns. Per my et per tout [OF., by half and by all], in the law of real property, a phrase used to describe a joint the whole jointly, and nothing separately-nothing belongs to him individually, and the whole belongs to him in a ociation with his cotenants. The phrase is peculiarly appropriated to a strict joint tenancy with the resulting right of survivorship; but some writers have deemed it equally appropriate to tenancies in common. -Per pais, pale, pall, etc. See the nouns. Per pares, in law, by one's equals or peers. - Per saltum, by a leap; at a single leap or bound: without intermediate steps. tenancy, under which each tenant is conceived as owning Per se, by himself, herself, or itself; in itself; e entially. - Per stirpes, in law, by families: applied to succe ion when divided so as to give the representatives belonging to one branch the share only that their head or ancestor would have taken had he survived. Thus, in a gift to A and the children of B, if they are to take per capita, each child will have a share equal to that of A; but if they are to take per stirpes, A will take one half and the other half will be divided among the children of B.- The twenty per cent. cases, a number of cases litigated in the courts of the United States, arising on the construction of a congre ional resolution adding twenty per cent. to the salaries of certain officers. 4385 which par- formerly occurred have now per-, as parfit, now perfect, par four me, now perform, etc.] 1. A prefix of Latin origin, meaning primarily 'through.' See the etymology. It occurs chietty in words formed in Latin, as in peract, per a grate, perambulate, etc. Though the primary sense of per- is usually distinctly felt in English, it is scarcely used in the formation of new words. 2. As an inseparable prefix of intensity, 'thoroughly,' 'very,' as in peracute, perfervid, pellu cid; specifically, in chem., noting the maximum or an unusual amount, as peroxid, the highest oxid, or an oxid containing more oxygen than the protoxid, etc. peracephalus (per-a-sef'a-lus), n.; pl. per a per pace us through, acepta , lus: see acephalus, 2.] In teratol., an acephalous monster without arms and with defective thorax.