appeared

in Europe and the United States in winter of 1889-90, and was still active more than ten years later. The disease is believed to be bacterial origin, and is often fatal. in which a charged conductor causes unlike electricity to appear in an insulated conductor on the end near it, and like electricity on the other end. In the same way a magnet induces the opposite magnetic charge in iron, and electric current induces a momentary current the opposite direction in a neighboring wire. practice, the induced current is often used instead of the primary current. I11 long telegraph wires and ocean cables induction acts to check the rapidity of movement of the current. writing or printing. Writing ink is made gall-nuts, sulphate of iron, gum, and water. Copying ink has more gum than writing ink while blue ink is made of Pru ian blue, oxalic acid, and water and red ink is got from Brazil wood, but now generally from pota ium eosin. Black printing ink is much thicker than writing ink, and is usually made of lamp black or ivory black mixed with burnt linseed oil. with pieces of wood, ivory, pearl, precious metals, etc., by inserting them into spaces cut out of the body of the substance in which they are to be inlaid. a, head: bed, thorax; e abdomen; MClXlllCg, the biting and chewing, some only for sucking, and simple substance obtained from the ashes of sea¬ an irritant poison, it is used medicinally in small for doses. the district from which it was first obtained.] A plant found in the forests of Brazil, the root of which is used as an emetic. important of all metals. Iron po e es proper¬ ties so varied and useful as to give it the highest rank among the mineral productions of the earth. It is very hard and yet malleable can bear a great strain or be made very brittle is inflex¬ ible, but from it the most elastic springs can be made it may be used for the heavy sides of a man-of-war, or the slender blade of a surgeon’s knife. basaltic rocks, and generally a ociated with other metals. 2. Meteoric iron—that is, ma es of nearly pure iron which have fallen from outer s.pace in 1871 near Disco Bay in Green land weighing nearly 20 tons. several kinds of ores from which_iron is made, but the most important are the various oxides, the carbonates, and the sulphides. From the two former almost all the iron of commerce is obtained. Magnetic ore is the richest of all the ores, and from it are made the finest iron and the best steel. It is found in large ma es in Swe¬ den, Norway, Ru ia, and North America, and in some parts of England. Some specimens of this ore form natural magnets. Magnetic ore when pure contains fully 72 per cent, of metallic iron. Hematite ore in its pure state contains about 70 per cent of iron. This ore is found in great abundance in Chili and other parts of South America, in Algeria, England, Norway, Sweden, and in large beds in Canada, Pennsylvania, Mis¬ sour i, Michigan, Wisconsin and Wyoming. In addition to the ores mentioned there are many other kinds, such as brown ore, bog ore or limonite, spathic ore, etc. is made by smelting or melting iron ore in a in blast furnace. Iron smelting is nece ary to free the ore from all foreign ingredients, to reduce the iron oxide to metallic iron, and to allow the reduced iron to combine with such an amount of carbon as to form therewith a fusible compound. Cast iron is used for making gas and water pipes, lampposts, pillars and fronts for buildings, rail¬ ings and many other things. It contains from 3 to 6 per cent, of carbon, and cannot be ham¬ Fvory. mered, as it is brittle. To make it into wrought iron—that is, softer iron which can be hammered or rolled into plates—the cast iron is melted in another kind of furnace, and stirred up so that the air can get to it. In this way the carbon is burned out, and it contains only y2 per cent, of carbon. Wrought iron is easily hammered into bars, rolled into plates, drawn out into wire, or made into steel. Iron plates for steam boilers and ships, anchors, chain cables, ploughs, wheel tires, horseshoes, shovels and spades, nails and spikes, wire, the iron part of most tools, etc., are made from it. Pieces of wrought iron can be wrelded or joined into one by hammering them together when red hot. (See Steel.) its fertility. The word is applied to flooding fields directly from streams, and to the digging of long canals and ditches to spread the waters of a stream over a broad section of land. It was practiced in very early times by the Egyptians and Babylonians, and is now much in use in many parts of the earth. It is being widely applied in the Western United States. huizenblas, the bladder of the sturgeon.] A substance consisting chiefly of gelatine, prepared from the sounds or air-bladders of certain fresh¬ water fishes. The finest is obtained from the sturgeon, which is very plentiful in the Caspian and Black seas and the rivers flowing into them but isingla is also made from the bladders of Fvy. the cod and other fish, and quantities are pro¬ Indies. It is much used in making jellies, ices It is the chief substance of Ru ian glue, noted