gypsoplast

[Greek gyps on =gypsum, and pla ō-to mold.) A cast taken in plaster of Paris or white lime. ornis =bird.] gyps-or-nis, s . [Greek gypsos gypsum, and from the Eocene gypsum of Paris. Palæont .: A bird, believed to be a gigantic Rail gypsum, 8. [Lat. plaster of Paris, gypsum, from Gr. gypsos =(1) chalk, (2) gypsum.] 1. Min .: A monoclinic mineral, transparent to opaque; its colors white, gray, flesh-colored, yellow, blue, or, when impure, sometimes reddish brown or even black. Streak white; luster various, from dull earthy to pearly or glistening on exposed faces of the crystals. Hardne 1.5-2; specific gravity, 2.3. Composition: Sulphuric acid, 44-2-46-6; lime, 29-4-33-9; water, 19-9-21-6; silica, 0-6:40, . Varieties: (1) Crystallized Gypsum, in which case it constitutes Selenite, and occurs in flattish crystals which are oblique parallelopipeds of lamellar sand; (2) Fibrous Gypsum: (a) Satin Spar, (6) a structure, the crystals occasionally containing plumose sub-variety, (3) Ma ive Gypsum, the same as ALABASTER (q. v.). When there is no water in its composition, it is called Anhydrous Gypsum. 2. Geol.: Technically Gypsum is regarded as a mineral deposit, in some places constituting rock ma es. It may be of any age. Near Paris it is Middle Eocene. Frapoli says that some gypsums lime, and that they underwent metamorphism by were originally carbonates instead of sulphates of the action of volcanic sulphurous or sulphurohydrous vapors. Von Buch, Murchison, and most geologists agree with this view. Mr. Sterry 3. Chem. & Comm.: Calcium sulphate crystal is often found by the decomposition of pyrites when lized with two molecules of water CaSO4 2H2O. It of Paris, and is used for taking casts of statues. It lime is present. Gypsum calcined is called plaster has been found that the addition of pota ium sul phate causes it to harden more quickly. Gypsum is used as a manure; it facilitates the decomposition of rocks containing alkaline silicates. [GYPSEOUS-SERIES.] gypseous-series, s. Geol.: The Lower freshwater limestone and marl constituting the Upper beds of the Middle Eocene in the vicinity of Paris, France. [GYPSUM, 2.] They are of white and green marls with subordinate beds of gypsum. At the Hill of Montmartre is a quarry of gypsum valuable for the manufacture of plaster of Paris. Splendid fo il remains of Eocene mammals have been found in it. IMG:content-0872.png:[blocks in formation] gy-rō-mą, s. [Gr. gyroō =to round, to bend.] Botany : 1. ( Of ferns): The annulus, or ring, in polypod i- aceous ferns. ( Lindley .) IMG:content-0873.png:[blocks in formation] voluted fruit.] Bot.: A genus of Lichens, order Pyxinei. The species grow on rocks and bowlders in the Polar Regions, and furnish the Tripe de Roche on which Arctic voyagers have sometimes been obliged to subsist for a time. Gyrophora deusta and G. pustulata are used in dyeing. gyro-pigeon, s. [Lat. gyr- are to revolve, and Eng. pig- eon.] A flying target used in shooting-matches. It is sprung from a trap the Saxon it had initially the same sound as at present, same as a blue rock. IMG:content-0874.png:[blocks in formation] gyroscope (yr as ïr), s . [Gr. gyros a ring, or circle, and skopeō =to look at, or behold.] Astron. Mach .: An instrument constructed by a French man called M. Foucault, to make the rota- tion of the earth visible. The principle on which it proceeds is this that, unle gravity intervene, a rotating body will not alter the direction in which its permanent axis points. In the gyroscope there is a rotating metallic disc, the middle point of whose axis is also the center of gravity of the machine. By this device the action of gravity is eliminated. The instrument, moreover, is so con- structed that the axis of rotation can be made joy, to point to some star in the sky. Then, as the heavy disc whirls round, it is found that the axis continues to point to the moving star, though, in consequence of this, apparently altering its direction relatively to bodies on the earth. If, again, the axis be pointed to the celestial pole, which is fixed, no alteration in its position relative to bodies on the earth takes place. The only feasible explanation of these appearances is that the earth is revolving on its gyr-o-scop-ic, a. Pertaining to the gyroscope, resembling the motion of that instrument. gyr-ōse (yr as ïr), a. [Lat. gyrus a circle.] Botany : 1. Marked with wavy lines. 2. The same as GYRATE ( Bot . ) (q. v.). gyrus (pl. gyr-i) (yr as ï), s. [Gr. gyros a ring, a circle.] [GYRO-.] IMG:content-0875.png:[blocks in formation] habena recipiendum, to do, submit to, and receive whatsoever the judge or court awarding such writ shall consider in that behalf. It is applicable in all cases where a person in custody claims to be illegally detained, or wrongfully refused bail, or who desires to be removed from one court to another. "The day of that prorogation, the twenty-sixth of May, 1679, is a great era in our history. For on that day the Habeas Corpus Act received the royal a ent. From the time of the Great Charter, the substantive law respecting the personal liberty of English men had been nearly the same as at present: but it had been inefficacious for want of a stringent system of procedure. What was needed was not a new right, but a prompt and searching remedy; and such a remedy the Habeas Corpus Act supplied." Macaulay : Hist . Eng ., ch. ii. De homine 2. Eng . Hist .: Magna Charta (A. D. 1215) provided that no freeman should be taken or imprisoned but by the lawful judgment of his equals, or by the law of the land. Two old writs, one rep leg i an do and the other Capias in With ern am, designed to guard the liberty of the subject, were found ineffective, especially against the Crown. Chitty mentions also various Acts in force in A. D. 1320 in the title of which the words Habeas corpus occur. For instance, there were the Habeas corpus cum causa (that you have the body with a cause), Habeas corpus ad faciendum et recipiendum (that you have the body to do and receive), . More of these were designed to remove cases from court to court. There was one, however, Habeas corpus ad subjiciendum (that you may have the body to answer), destined to become much more important. Early in the reign of Charles I. the judges decided that they could not, upon such a Habeas corpus, bail or deliver a prisoner committed to prison without a igned cause, if he were placed in 2105 hab-er-dash-ěry, s. [Eng. haberdasher; -y.] 1. The wares sold by a haberdasher. "Making a shoe, or retailing cheese and haberdashery." -Knox: E ays, No. 55. 2. The shop or establishment of a haberdasher. hab-er-dine, s. [O. Fr. habardeon , probably a corruption of Aberdeen in Scotland, where the fish were prepared.] A dried salted cod. ha-bër-ě fā-çi-ăs põş-şèn-si-ō-něm, phr . [Lat., you may cause (him) to have po e ion.] Law : A writ directed to the sheriff of a county, commanding him to give actual po e ion to the claimant of land recovered in a suit. *ha-ber-geon, *ha-ber-gyn, *ha-bur-i-on, s. [Fr., from O. Fr. haubegeon , hauberjon =a small hauberk, dim in. of hauberc =a hauberk (q. v.).] 1. In old armor a short coat or garment worn over the quilted gambeson or haqueton, and under the Habergeon, and Detail of Links. jupon. It was composed either of plate or chain mail, without sleeves; its purpose was to protect the neek and breast. "The habergyns that they beare shall nat defende them."-Berners: Froi art; Cronycle , vol. i., ch. ccccxiv. 2. Any defense, or protection. "Clothid in the haburion of feith, and of charite."_ Wycliffe : 1 The . v. 3. Applied to the elytra of a beetle. custody by the special command of the King or by the Judge of the Privy Council. The Petition of Right (A. D. 1628) sought to have this state of things altered, and 16 Charles I., c. 10, accorded the change of law desired, but obstructions to the carrying out of the enactment rendering it le effective than had been expected, the enactment, 31 Charles II., c. 2, called preeminently the Habeas Corpus Act, was pa ed. For its nature, see the extract under No. 1. Only Parliament can suspend the Habeas Corpus Act. It has frequently done so at times of public peril or anxiety. The Act was suspended in Britain during the two Stuart rebellions of 1715 and 1745, also in 1777-79, during the American war, and in 1794, while the first French of a mixed color ( Magna Charta ). ( Wharton , .) revolution was at its height. It has been repeat- *hab-1l-a-ble, a. [Fr. habil ( ler ) = to clothe; edly suspended during actual or threatened rebell-- able .] Capable of being clothed. ion in Ireland, as in 1798, 1803, 1817, 1848, 1861, 1867, 1868, and 1869. To suspend such a safeguard of liberty as the Habeas Corpus Act always involves very serious responsibility, though on the other hand, it enables the Government to seize any political leaders who threaten to head a rebellion, and succe fully keep them from incurring the penalties of treason. The Habeas Corpus Act has been substantially incorporated into the jurisprudence of every state in the Union, and the right to the writ has been secured by the constitutions of most of the states, and of the United States. The constitution of the United States, art. 1, sec. 9, par. 2, provides, that "the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unle when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it." A similar provision is contained in many of the state constitutions.