Georgia; area, about 575 sq

m. Rivers. Tenne ee river, and some smaller streams. Surface, diversified, a spur of the Cumber land Mountains bounding it on the N.W. and W.; soil, fertile. Cap. Chattanooga. Pop. (1890) 53,482. Hamilton, in Tezas, a N. central co.; area, about 900 sq. m. Rivers. Lampas as and Leon rivers, and several smaller streams. Surface, diversified; soil, fertile. Cap. Hamilton. Pop. (1890) 9,313. -A post-village, cap. of Hamilton co., about 95 m. N. by Ham'iltonville, or NEWTON HAMILTON, in Penn sylva nia , a post-borough of Mifflin co., on the Juniata River, about 90 m. W.N.W. of Harris burg. Ha'min, a fortified town of Pru ia, prov. Westphalia, 19 m. N.W. of Arensberg, and cap. of the co. of the Marck. It is noted for its excellent hams. Pop . 6,410. Ha'mite, n. [Fr., from Lat. ham us , a hook.] ( Pal . ) One of a genus of extinct cephalopods, which inhabited chambered cells, losing their spiral form soon after their commencement, and then continued for a considerable extent with a single bend upon themselves like a hook. They are found in the green-sand formation in England. Hamit'ic, a . Relating or pertaining to Ham, the son of Noah, or to his descendants. Hamlet, n. [Dim. of A. S. ham , home; Fr. hameau. See HOME.] Originally the dwelling of a freeholder; in its modern sense, a small village; a small cluster or congregation of houses in the country. "The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. "- Gray. Hamlet, a celebrated Danish prince, whose story is told by Saxo-Grammatic us, and rendered familiar to all acquainted with the English tongue by the admirable tragedy written by Shakspeare. Ham'let, in Illinois , a post-village of Mercer co., about 18 m. S.S.W. of Davenport, Iowa. Hamlet, in Indiana , a post-village of Stark co. Hamlet, in New York , a post-village of Chautauqua co. Hamlet, in Rhode Island , a village of Providence co., about 15 m. N. of Providence. Ham'lin, in Arkansas , a post-office of Cro co. Hamlin, in Kansas , a post-village of Brown co., about 37 m. N.W. of At chis on. Hamlin, in Kentucky , a post-office of Calloway co. Hamlin, in Michigan , a township of Mason co. -A township of Eaton co. Hamlin, in New York , a post-town of Monroe co. Pop. (1890) 2,338. Hamlin, in Pennsylvania , a post-office of Lebanon co. -A township of McKean co. Hamlin Grove, in Iowa , a post-township of Audubon co. Ham'lint on, in Pennsylvania , a P. O. of Wayne co. Ham'me, a trading-town of Belgium, prov. E. Flanders, 4 m. N. of Termond. Manuf . Soap, almond-oil, canvas, and cordage. Ham'mer, n. [A.S. and L. Sax. hamer; Ger. and Dan. hammer; Icel. and O. Ger. hamar ; Sansk. ham, to strike.] A tool used by mechanics, which consists of an iron head fixed cro wise upon a handle. The H. , however, employed in the useful arts vary greatly in form, and the weights of individual examples may be estimated from several tons to the fraction of an ounce. The H. used by blacksmiths are of several kinds. Among others are the about - sledge , which is the largest of all, and is held by both hands at the furthest end of the handle, and being swung at arm's length above the head, is made to fall heavily upon the work. The up -hand sledge is not so large, but is used with both hands, and seldom raised above the head. The hand - H . is the smallest, and may be used with one hand at the anvil. The cla of H. called riveting - H . have the handle fixed to them by pa ing it through a hole in the head, where it is made to fit or be wedged firmly; the face is formed of steel, as well as the riveting end, and welded to the iron. These H. are used by carpenters, smiths, engineers, and numerous artisans, varying in size and form according to the purpose for which they are required. A variety of H. having two claws, called claw - H . , are much used by carpenters and other mechanics, as the claw, together with the handle, forms a powerful lever for drawing out nails, . The largest H. are those used in the manufacture of iron. In this form they are not mere tools, but machines moved by steam or some other power. There are many varieties. From ing's forge- H . , which is used for heavy castings, as well as for edge-tools, knives, files, ., may be moved either by hand, water or steam power. A heavy hammer-head with a guide-rod, cones, and vertical spring, accomplish the work by means of a driving-shaft made to rotate by any source of power. In Hutton's power - H . the weight is raised by a strap or chain, attached to a drum or pulley on an axis; when the blow is struck, the momentum is made to a ist in raising the H. again. This H. is much used in beating iron and steel between pairs of dies. The frictional action- H . can be worked by any continuously revolving power-shaft, and can be made to hammer 150 blows per minute with a very heavy hammer-head. Cotton's air tilt-H. and Water house's compre ed -air forge- H . for light work in a smith's shop, are also useful varieties; and there are many more. The powerful machine called the steam-H. was originally invented by Mr. Nasmyth, in 1842. Steam- H . since that time have received many minor improvements in their construction. In some in this country; in some H. , the piston-rod and piston are all cast in one piece, while others are so contrived as to increase the space through which the H. falls to the anvil. A cla of cheaper and simpler steam- H . is also made for certain purposes, either in iron-forging, boiler riveting, or ore-crushing. Some of the H. now in use are of great weight, and it seems probable, from the magnitude of the works undertaken in iron manufacture at the present day, that still larger and more powerful H. will be constructed. (Anat.) The most exterior of the four small bones of the ear. (Gunnery.) That part of the lock of a musket which descends violently upon the percu ion-cap when the trigger is pulled. -That part of the mechanism of a clock which strikes on the gong and proclaims the time. - That part of a piano which, acting in connection with the keys, strikes the wires which produce the tones. Ham'mer, v. a. To beat with a hammer. - To work, form, or forge with a hammer. "I must pay with hammer'd money Instead of milled." - Dryden. -To work in the mind; to contrive by intellectual labor; - often before out . IMG:content-0508.png:[blocks in formation] Shaks. "Blood and revenge are hammering in my head." Ham'merable, a, That may be worked or shaped with a hammer. Ham'mer-beam, n. ( Arch .) A horizontal piece of timber from, or near, that above the feet of a rafter, the object of which is to counteract the tendency of a rafter to an outward thrust. It is only used in Gothic roofs, and is of value as providing a counterbalance to the weight of the rafter. Ham'mer-cloth, n. The cloth which covers the box of a carriage. Ham'merer, n . One who works with a hammer. Ham'merfest, a town of Norway, prov. of Finmark, on the island of Qualoe, in the Arctic Ocean; Lat. 700 40 N., Lon. 23° 35′ 43′′ E. It is only remarkable for being the most northern town of Europe. Pop . 1700. Ham'merfish, n. Same as HAMMERHEAD (q. v .). Hammer-harden, v . a . To harden by repeated hammering, as metal in the cold state. Hammerhead, Ham'merfish, n. (Zool.) See ZYGANA. Hammerman, n .; pl . HAMMERMEN. A hammerer; a forgeman. Hammer sley's Fork, in Pennsylvania, a post office of Clinton co. Hammer smith, a town of England, co. Middle sex, on the N. bank of the Thames, 4 m. S.W. of London. H. is principally inhabited by merchants and others whose busine calls them daily to the city. A striking feature of H. is the fine suspension bridge acro the Thames, which was completed in 1827, at a cost of $500,000. Pop. of town and parish (1895) 45,400; of the town alone, about 25,000. Ham'mer-wort, n. [A. S. ham or -wyrt.] ( Bot .) See PARIETARIA. Hammochry's os, n. [Lat. hammochrysus.] (Min.) See MICA. Ham'mock, n. [Sp. hamaca; of Indian origin, the word hamac , in the language of some of the aboriginal W. India tribes, denoting nets of cotton extending from two posts, and used as beds.] ( Naut .) A kind of hanging bed or cot, suspended between trees or posts, or by hooks. They are generally used by sailors on shipboard, where the H. consists of an oblong piece of hempen cloth, having fastened to each end several small lines, meeting in a IMG:content-0509.png:[blocks in formation] from hooks in the beams of the ceiling overhead, about 9 feet asunder. The H. forms a very agreeable bed, especially in cold weather; but some little practice is needed at first to get in and out succe fully. During the day the H. , lashed up tight, with the mattre es and bedding rolled within, are stowed in the netting along the upper edge of the bulwark. Hammonas's et River, in Connecticut , enters Long Island Sound between New Haven and Middle sex cos. Hammond, in Indiana , a township of Spencer county. Hammond, in Louisiana , a post-town of Tangipahoa parish. Hammond, in New York , a post-town and township of St. Lawrence co., on St. Lawrence river, about 20 m. S. W. of Ogdensburg. Pop . (1890) 1,774. Hammond, in South Carolina , a P. O. of Horryу со. Hammond, in Wisconsin , a post-village and township of St. Croix co., on the C., St. P., M. & O. R. R., about 16 miles N. E. of Hudson. Hammond Corners, in New York , a village of Chemung co.