skulking place (skulk in gpl as)

A place for skulking or lurking; a hiding-place. They are hid, concealed, and everywhere find reception and skulking - places . Bacon, Fables, x., Expl. skullı (skul), n. [Formerly also scull , also in orig. sense skoll ; skulle , scolle , sculle , also schulle , a bowl, the skull or cranium (so called from the bowl-like shape; cf. head - pan , brain pan), skal = Sw. skål = Dan. skaal , a bowl, cup: see scale2 ; cf. skoal , skull2 = scull2, etc.] 1. A bowl; a bowl to hold liquor; a goblet. Jamie son. [Scotch.] -2. The cranium; the skeleton of the head; the bony or cartilaginous framework of the head, containing the brain and supporting the face. IMG:content-1232.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors] Human Skull, from the side, with the mandible disarticulated. a, ali sphenoid, or greater wing of sphenoid; au, external auditory meatus; bh, basihyal, or body of hyoid bone; c, occipital condyle; c ', ceratohyal, or le er cornu of hyoid, the dotted line representing the course and attachments of the stylo hyoid ligament (see epihyal ); co, coronal suture; cr, coronoid proce of mandible; cy, condyle of mandible; f, frontal bone; j. malar or jugal bone; 7, lacrymal bone (the letter is placed in front of the nasal notch, and its line cro es the base of the nasal proce of the maxilla); la, lambdoid suture; m, mastoid proce of temporal; ma, mandible; mx, maxilla, or superior maxillary bone; n, nasal bone; o, occipital bone; 1, parietal bone; pt, pterygoid proce of sphenoid; s, squamosal section of temporal; sq, squamosal suture; st, styloid proce of temporal bone (or stylohyal); ty, thyrohyal, or greater cornu of hyoid. A skull is po e ed by all vertebrates excepting the lancelets, and by no other animals. It is sometimes divided into the skull proper, cranium in strictne or brain-box, and the facial region or face. In the adult human skull eight cranial and fourteen facial bones are commonly enumerated, though the real number of o eous elements is much larger. The eight cranial bones are the occipital, two parietal, two temporal, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid. The fourteen facial bones are two nasals, two lacrymals, two superior maxillaries, two malars, two palatals, two inferior turbinals, one inferior maxillary, and one vomer. This enumeration of the bones is exclusive of the bonelets of the ear, which, however, are counted in vertebrates below mammals. Of these bones, the mandible, vomer, and frontal are really paired, or of lateral halves; the supramaxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, and temporal are compound bones of several separate centers of o ification; the rest are simple. The most composite bone is the temporal, whose ankylosed stylo hyoid proce (peculiar to man) is an element of the hyoid arch. A skull of similar construction characterizes mammals at large, though its figure is usually quite different (owing mainly to production of the facial and reduction of the cranial parts), and though some of the bones which are confluent in man may remain distinct. In birds the skull is characterized by the great size of the cranial bones in comparison with that of the facial bones (ex maxillary), the extensive and complete ankyloses of cranial bones, the permanent and perfect distinctne of pterygoid IMG:content-1233.png:[subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][ocr errors] B. Base of Human Skull, right half, outside, under surface: bo , bas i occipital, or basilar proce ; c, occipital condyle; e, entrance to Eustachian tube, reference-line e cro ing foramen lacerum medium, between which and e and 5 is petrous part of temporal bone; g , glenoid fo a of temporal bone, for articulation of lower jaw; m , mastoid proce ; ", posterior nares; pt, pterygoid fo a; so , supra-occipital; st , styloid proce ;, malar bone, joining zygomatic proce of squamosal to form zygomatic arch or zygoma; 1, 2, anterior and posterior palatine foramen; 3, points in front of foramen lacerum medium; 4, foramen ovale; 5, carotid canal; 6, stylo mastoid foramen; 7, foramen lacerum poster i us, or jugular foramen. C. Base of Human Skull, left side, interior or cerebral surface: a , ali sphenoid, or greater wing of sphenoid; bo , bas i occipital, or basilar proce of occipital; c , cribriform plate of ethmoid; s, orbital plate of frontal; g , crista gall i; o, or bito sphenoid, or le er wing of sphenoid;, pituitary fo a or sella turcica; pa , parietal; so , supra-occipital; sq , squamosal; 3, foramen lacerum medium; 4, foramen ovale (near it in front is foramen rotundum, behind externally is foramen spine sum); 6, foramen lacerum poster i us (just o is foramen rum anterius); 7, meatus auditor i us intern us, in the petrous portion of temporal, between which and or bito sphenoid is the middle fo a, before which fo a is the anterior fo a; behind the middle fo a is the posterior or cerebellar fo a. 6 is in foramen magnum. bones, the formation of each half of the lower jaw by several recognizable pieces, and especially by the intervention of a movable quadrate bone between the squamosal and the mandible. Some other additional bones make their appearance; and the occipital condyle is always single. A skull of similar construction to that of birds characterizes skullcap borne upon the bones above named, and also, in that case, upon the sphenoid, vomer, palatals, pterygoids, hyoids, pharyngeals, etc. The body of facts or principles concerning skulls is craniology, of which craniometry is one department, especially applied to the measurement of human skulls for the purposes of ethnography or anthropology. For the human skull (otherwise than as here figured), see cuts under craniofacial, craniometry, cranium, ear1, nasal, orbit, palate, parietal, and skeleton. For various other mammalian skulls, see cuts under Balanidæ, Canidæ, castor, Catarrh in a, Edentata, Elephant inæ, Equidæ, Felidæ, Leporid a, Mastodont inæ, Muridæ, ox, physeter, Pteropodidæ, ruminant, skeleton. Birds' skulls, or parts of them, are figured under chondrocranium, des mognathous, diploë, dromæognathous, Gallinæ, Ichthyornis, quadrate, salivary, saurognathous, schizognathous, schizo rhinal, sclerotal; reptiles', under acrodont, Chelonia, Croco dilia, Crotal us, Cyclodus, Ichthyosauri a, Ichthyosaurus, Mosasaurus, Ophidia, periotic, Plesiosaur us, pleurodont, pterodactyl, Pythonidæ; batrachians', under Anura, gir dle - bone, Rana; fishes', under Acipenser, Esox, fish, Lepi dosiren, pal a to quadrate, parasphenoid, Petromyzon, Spatu lari a, Squat in a, teleost. The absence of a skull appears under Branch ios tom a and Pharyngobranchii. The homology of several visceral arches is shown under hyoid. IMG:content-1234.png:[graphic] IMG:content-1235.png:[graphic] IMG:content-1236.png:[blocks in formation] Skulls that cannot teach, and will not learn. Cowper , Task, ii. 394. 4. In armor, that part of a head-piece which covers the crown of the head, especially in the head-pieces made up of many parts, such as the armet. See cut under secret. Their armour is a coate of plate, with a skull on their heads. Hakluyt's Voyages , I. 239. Dare you go forward? Let me put on my skull first; My head 's almost beaten into the pap of an apple. Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, iv. 4. First Gent. Lieut. 5. A large shallow basket without a bow-handle, used for carrying fruit, potatoes, fish, etc. [Scotch.]-6. In metal., the crust which is formed by the cooling of a metal upon the sides of a ladle or any ve el used for containing or conveying it in a molten condition. reptiles proper; but here again the cranial is small in comparison with the facial region (as in the lower mammals), sometimes exce ively so; the skull is more loosely constructed, with fewer ankyloses of its several elements; and some additional bones not found in any higher vertebrates first appear. The skulls of batrachians differ widely from all the above. Some additional elements appear; some usually o ified elements may be persistently cartilaginous; and branchial as well as hyoidean arches are seen to be parts of the skull. The further modifications of the skull in fishes are great and diversified: not only is there much variation in the skulls of different fishes, but also the difference between any of their skulls and those of higher vertebrates is so great that some of the bones can be only doubtfully homologized with those of higher vertebrates, while of others no homologues can be recognized. In these ichthyopsidan vertebrates, also, the skull is sometimes permanently cartilaginous, as in selachians; in the lampreys the lower jaw disappears; in the lancelets there is no skull. In fishes, also, more or fewer branchial arches are conspicuous parts of the skull, forming usually, with the compound lower jaw, by far the bulkier section of this collection of bones; and in some of them the connection of the shoulder-girdle with the skull is such that it is not always easy to say of certain bones skull3, n. An obsolete form of school2. whether they are more properly scapular or cranial. The skull (skul), n. The common skua, Me gale str is natural evolution of the skull is, of course, from the lower Such a crust or skull is liable to form on the Be emer converter when the blowing has been continued beyond the point of entire decarburization. - Skull and cro bones, the allegorical representation of death, or of threatened death, in the form of a human skull set upon a pair of cro ed thigh-bones. It is much used on druggists' labels of poisonous articles, and for like warnings; it also appears among the insignia or devices of various secret societies, to impre candidates for initiation, to terrorize outsiders, etc. - Skull of the ear, the petrosal part of the temporal bone; the otic capsule, or otocrane; the periotic bones collectively. See cut under periotic. Skull of the eye, the eyeball; the sclerotic. See cut under sclerotal , n. - Skull of the nose. See nosel. -Tables of the skull, the outer and inner layers of compact bony substance of the cranial walls, separated by an intervening cancellated substance, the diploë. See cut under diploë . skull2, n. See scull2 . to the higher vertebrates (the reverse of that above skua. Also scull. sketched). Above lampreys and hags, after a lower jaw skullcap (skul'has been acquired, the general course of evolution of the kap), n. 1. Any cap fitting closely to the head; also, the iron cap of defense. See skull1, 4. skull is to the reduction in number of its bones or cartilages by the entire disappearance of some and the confluence of others, tending on the whole to the compactne , simplicity, and symmetry of which the human skull is the extreme case, and in which, as in the skull of any mammal or bird, evidences of its actual o eous elements are chiefly to be traced in the transitory centers of o ification of the embryo. A good illustration of this is witne ed in the condition of the bones of the tongue (hyoid arch) in mammals; for even in birds (next below mammals) the tongue has a skeleton of several distinct bones, the position of which in a series of arches next after the mandibular and next before the branchial arches proper is evident. The base of the skull is generally laid down in cartilage. The dome of the skull and the facial parts are usually of membrane-bones; and to the latter some dermal or exoskeletal bones may be added. Facial parts of all skulls are of different character from cranial parts proper, in that they belong e entially to the series of visceral (hemal, not neural) arches: (1) upper jaw; (2) under jaw; (3) tongue (hyoid), followed by more or fewer succe ive branchial arches. The neural arches, or cranial segments proper, are at least 3 (some count 4) in number, named occipital, parietal, and frontal, from behind forward, represented respectively by (1) the occipital bone; (2) the bas i sphenoid, ali sphenoid, and parietal bones; (3) the pre sphenoid, or bito sphenoid, and frontal bones. With these are intercalated or connected the sense-capsules of the three higher senses-namely, of hearing, sight, and smell these being the skeletons of the ear, eye, and nose, or the petrosal parts of the temporal, the sclerotic coat of the eye, and the lateral ma es of the ethmoid bone. Remaining hard parts of the head, and, as such, elements of the skull, are the teeth, borne on more or fewer bones: in mammals, when present, confined to the premaxillaries, supra maxillaries, and infra maxillaries; not present in any existing birds; in various reptiles and fishes, absent, or Iron Skullcaps, 16th century. The portrait of old Colonel Pyncheon, at two-thirds length, representing the stern features of a puritanic looking personage, in a skull - cap , with a laced band and a grizzly beard. Hawthorne , Seven Gables, ii. 2. The sinciput; the upper domed part of the skull, roofing over the brain; the calvarium. See cut under cranium.-3. A murine rodent quadruped of the family Lo phiomyidæ. Coues, 1884.-4. A plant of the genus Scutellar i a: so called from the helmet-like appendage to the upper lip of the calyx, which closes the mouth of the calyx after the fall of the corolla. The more familiar species, as S. galericulata, are not The Upper Part of the Flowering showy; others are recommended for the flower Stem of Skullcap ( Scutellar i a rata). a, the calyx. skullcap garden, especially S. macrantha from eastern Asia, which produces abundant velvety dark-blue flowers. S. Moc in i an a is a scarlet-flowered greenhouse species from Mexico. S. later i flora of North America has had some apparently ill-grounded recognition as a nervine, and was once considered useful in hydrophobia (whence called madweed, or mad - dog skullcap ). S. serrata, with large blue flowers, is one of the handsomest wild American species. She discovered flowers which her brother told her were horehound, skull - caps , and Indian tobacco. S. Judd , Margaret, i. 2. 5. A thin stratum of compact limestone lying at the base of the Purbeck beds, and underlain by a shelly limestone locally known as roach, forming the uppermost division of the Portland series, as this portion of the Jura ic is developed in the so-called Isle of Portland, England. -6. In entom., the upper part of the integument of the head, including the front and vertex. [Rare.]