Hohe Acht (hō'e ächt)

One of the chief moun Holberg Hohenelbe (hō'en-el-be). A town in Bohemia situated on the Elbe 62 miles northeast of Prague. Population (1890), 5,736. Hohenems (ho'en-emz), or Hohenembs (hō'enembz). A town in Vorarlberg, Austria-Hungary, situated in lat. 47° 21′ N., long. 9° 41′ E. Population (1890), commune, 4,972. Hohenfriedeberg (hō"en-frēʼde-berg). A small town in the province of Silesia, Pru ia, 36 miles west-southwest of Breslau. Here, June 4, 1745, Frederick the Great defeated the Austrians and Saxons under Prince Charles of Lorraine. The Pru ian lo was about 2,000; that of the Austrians and Saxons was 4,000 killed and wounded and 7,000 prisoners. Hohenlimburg (hō"en-lim'börg). A town in the province of Westphalia, Pru ia, near Hagen. Population (1890), commune, 6,204. Hohenlinden (hō"en-lin'den). A village in Upper Bavaria, 19 miles east of Munich. Here, Dec. 3, 1800, the French under Moreau defeated the Austrian army under the archduke John. The Austrians lost 8,000 killed and wounded and 12,000 prisoners, and the battle vir on the battle. tually ended the war. The poet Campbell wrote a lyric Hohenlohe (hō"en-lō'e). A former county, later a principality, of Germany, mediatized in 1806, and now mainly included in the circle of Jagst, He published "Handbook of Organic Analysis" (1853), "Einleitung in die moderne Chemie" (6th ed. 1877), etc. Hofmann, Johann Christian Konrad von. Born at Nuremberg, Bavaria, Dec. 21, 1810: died at Erlangen, Bavaria, Dec. 20, 1877. A Hohenlohe-Ing elfin gen (ing'el-fing-en), Prince German Luther an theologian, profe or of the ology at Erlangen in 1841, ordinary profe or at Rostock in 1842, and at Erlangen in 1845. Hofmann, Richard. Born at Manchester, England, May 24, 1831. An Anglo-American composer, pianist, and teacher. He has lived in New York since 1847. Hofwyl (hof'vēl). An estate 6 miles north of Bern, Switzerland: the seat of the educational institutions of Fellenberg. Hogarth (hoʻgärth), William. Born at London, Nov. 10, 1697: died at London, Oct. 26, 1764. A celebrated English painter and engraver. In 1712 he was apprenticed to Ellis Gamble, a silversmith; in 1718 he turned his attention to engrav ing; and in 1726 he first became known by his plates for "Hudibras." In 1729 he ran away with Sir James Thorn hill's only daughter, and was married at Padding ton church. He published in 1733 "The Harlot's Progre ," which was soon followed by "The Rake's Progre ." In 1735 Hogarth obtained the pa age of an act securing the rights of artists to their own designs. In 1736 he painted on the stairway of St. Bartholomew's Hospital "The Good Samaritan" and "The Pool of Bethesda." Among his other pictures are the "Distre ed Poet" and the "Enraged Musician" (1741), “Marriage à la Mode" (1745), "Industry and Idlene " (1747). He made a famous journey to France in 1748. In his later years Hogarth indulged in literary compositions, and wrote "The Analysis of Beauty." He painted a number of portraits of himself, the best of which is in the National Gallery, London. Hogarth is e entially a comic painter; his pictures are not indifferent, unimpa ioned descriptions of human nature, but rich, exuberant satires upon it. He is carried away by a pa ion for the ridiculous. His object is "to show vice her own feature, scorn her own image." He is so far from contenting himself with still life that he is always on the verge of caricature, though without ever falling into it. Hazlitt , Eng. Poets, p. 190. Hogarth Club. A London club for artists, established in 1870. It has a life cla , sketching club, and reading-room. Hogg (hog), James. Born at Ettrick, Selkirk shire, 1770: died at Eltrive Lake, Nov. 21, 1835. A Scottish poet, called "the Ettrick Shepherd" from his occupation. In 1790 he began to be known as a song-maker, and in 1796 his education had advanced so far that he began to write his verses. es. In 1802 he made the acquaintance of Scott. In 1810 he settled in Edinburgh with a view of devoting himself to literature, but went to Eltrive Lake in Yarrow about 1816. He was "the Shepherd" in Wilson's "Recreations of Christopher North." Among his poems are "The Queen's Wake" (1813), "The Pilgrims of the Sun" (1815), "Madoc of the Moor" (1816), "The Poetic Mirror, or the Living Bards of Great Britain" (1816: parodies), and "Queen Hynde" (1826). Among his prose works are "The Brownie o' Bods. beck, etc." (1817), and "Winter Evening Tales" (1820). His "Jacobite Relics, etc." (1819-20), are both prose and verse. Hogue (hog), or Hague (hāg; F. pron. häg), La. A promontory at the northwestern extremity of the department of Manche, France, projecting into the English Channel, in lat. Würtemberg. of (Fried rich Ludwig). Born at Ing elfin gen, Würtemberg, Jan. 31, 1746: died near Kosel, Silesia, Pru ia, Feb. 15, 1818. A Pru ian gen He gained a victory over the French at Kaisers lautern in 1794, but was defeated by Napoleon at Jena, Oct. 14, 1806, and compelled to surrender with 17,000 men at Prenzlau, Oct. 28, 1806. Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (shil'lings-fürst), Prince of (Chlodwig Karl Victor), Prince of Ratibor and Korvei. Born March 31, 1819: died July 6, 1901. A German statesman and diplomatist. He was Bavarian minister of foreign affairs 1866-70; became German amba ador at Paris in 1874; and was appointed governor of Alsace-Lorraine in 1885. He was chancellor of the German Empire Oct., 1894-Oct., 1900. succeeding Caprivi. Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (väl'den-börg-shil'lings-fürst), Prince of (Leopold Alexander). Born at Kupferzell, near Waldenburg, Würtemberg, Aug. 17, 1794: died at Vöslau, near Vienna, Nov. 13, 1849. A German Roman Catholic ecclesiastic. He was ordained priest in 1815, and became a member of the society of "Fathers of the Sacred Heart" about 1816, canon of Gro wardein in 1824, grand provost in 1829, and bishop of Sardica in part i bus infidelium in 1844. He several times came into conflict with the civil authorities as a practitioner of the prayer-cure. He wrote "Der im Geist der Katholischen Kirche betende Christ" (1819), etc. Hohenschwangau (hō"en-shväng'ou). A medieval stronghold in Swabia, Bavaria, 56 miles southwest of Munich, said to have been raised on Roman foundations, but entirely rebuilt by Maximilian II. It is especially interesting for its frescos, which include the "Legend of Lohengrin," many historical subjects, the "Life of a Medieval Lady," episodes of chivalry, etc. The garden exhibits a reproduction of the Fountain of Lions in the Alhambra. Hohenstaufen (hō'en-stou-fen). A village in Würtemberg, 23 miles east of Stuttgart. Its former castle was the seat of the Hohenstaufen family. Height, 2,237 feet. Hohenstaufen. A German princely family. It furnished sovereigns to Germany 1138-1208 and 1215-54, and to Sicily 1194-1266. Conradin, last of the line, was executed 1268. See "Geschichte der Hohenstaufen," by Rau mer. Hohenstein (hō'en-stin). A town in the governmental district of Zwickau, Saxony, 48 miles west-southwest of Dresden. Population (1890), 7,546. Hohentwiel (hō'en-tvēl). A ruined fortre in Würtemberg, near Singen. Height, 2,273 feet. Hohenzollern (hō'en-tsol-lern). A province of Pru ia, inclosed by Würtemberg. Area, 441 square miles. Population (1890), 66,085. Hohenzollern. A castle near Hechingen, southern Germany, belonging to the Pru ian royal family, situated in the Swabian Alp. It was be gun in 1850, the medieval fortre having practically disappeared, except the chapel. The exterior walls and bastions reproduce the old castle. The entrance is by com Holbach (G. pron. hol'bäch; F. pron. ōl-bak'), Paul Henri Thiry, Baron d'. Born at Hei delsheim, Baden, 1723: died at Paris, Jan. 21, 1789. A French skeptic and materialistic philosopher. He wrote "Le Christian is me dévoilé, etc." (1767), "Le système de la nature" ("System of Nature, 1770: published in popular form as "Le bon sens," 1772), numerous articles in the "Encyclopédie," etc. He resided in Paris from his youth, and his home became a rendezvous for the free-thinkers of his time. His dinners were exceptionally celebrated, and earned for him, from the Abbé Galiani, the title of the "premier maître d'hôtel de la philosophie." Holbeach (hol bech). A town in Lincoln shire, England, in the Holland district. Population (1891), 4,771. Holbein (hol'bin), Hans, surnamed "The Elder." Born at Augsburg, Bavaria, about 1460: died there, 1524. A German historical painter. He represented the realistic tendency of the Swabian school, and later was influenced by that of the Italian Renai ance. His "Altar of St. Sebastian" (1516), in the Old Pinakothek, Munich, is his masterpiece. Holbein, Hans, surnamed "The Younger." Born probably at Augsburg, Bavaria, about 1497: died at London, 1543. A German historical and portrait painter and wood-engraver, son of Hans Holbein (1460-1524). He went to Basel in 1515, and matriculated in the painters' gild in 1519. His frescos in the city hall at Basel, and the "Pa ion" in the Basel Museum, were painted about 1521-22. In 1523 he painted the portrait of Erasmus at Long ford Castle about he Antwerp to see Quentin Ma ys, and afterward went to England, where he was lodged at Sir Thomas More's house, near London. In 1528 he went to Basel, and returned to England in 1532, where he remained for the rest of his life. He became court painter to Henry VIII. about 1536. Among his works are a series of 89 sketches in red chalk and India ink, belonging to this period, now in the Windsor collection; a series of designs for wood-engraving, "The Dance of Death," engraved by Hans Lützelburger, published in 1538 and 1547; a portrait of Sir Thomas More (1527); a portrait of Anne of Cleves (1539); a number of portraits of German merchant goldsmiths of the Steel. yard, some of which are in Germany; "The Amba adors" (in the National Gallery, 1533); and portraits of Henry VIII. and of the principal personages of the time. He also designed the title-pages to Cover dale's and Cranmer's Bibles, and painted some important works with religious subjects ("The Last Supper," "The Dead Christ," eight Pa ion pictures, etc.- all in the museum at Basel; "The Nativity" and "The Adoration of the Magi," at Freiburgim-Breisgau; “Madonna," with the Meyer family at Darmstadt; "Madonna and Saints," at Solothurn, etc.) Holberg (hol'berg), Ludvig von. Born at Bergen, Norway, Dec. 3, 1684: died at Copenhagen, Jan. 28, 1754. The father of the Danish drama, and the greatest name in Danish literature. His father, who had risen from a common soldier to the rank of colonel, died when he was still an infant, and his mother when he was 10 years old. He had been intended for the army, but showed such an aptitude for study that he was sent to the Bergen Latin school, and in 1702 he entered the Copenhagen University. Being destitute of means, he soon came back again to Norway, and was tutor in the family of a clergyman at Vo . A year later he again went to Copenhagen, where he studied theology and took his examination, but shortly after returned to Norway and was again a tutor, this time with a clergyman at Bergen. This latter had been a great traveler, and Holberg, through the perusal of the journal he had kept, was inspired with a desire to see the world. He accordingly set out for Holland, but went only as far as Aix-la-Chapelle. The year after he returned to Norway and settled at Christians and, where he taught French during the winter. The following spring he went to England and remained 2 years, chiefly at Oxford, where he supported himself by teaching languages and music. Returning to Copenhagen, he established himself as docent at the university, but soon after accepted the post of private tutor, and accompanied his charge to Germany. Upon his return to Denmark he was again a tutor until the year after (1710), when he was admitted as a stipendiary at Borch's Collegium in Copenhagen, when he was finally enabled to devote himself to literary work. In 1711 he published his first work, "Introduction til den Europäiske Rigers Historie" ("Introduction to the His tory the Nations of Europe"). In 1714 he was made profe or extra ordinar i us, but without a stipend. Shortly after, however, he was made the beneficiary of the "Rosenkrants fund," and was thus enabled to abroad role accord ingly sailed to Holland traveled from Bru els Paris, where he remained for a year and a half; proceeded again, partly on foot, to Marseilles and Genoa, where he fell ill; and afterward went on to Rome, where he remained the whole winter. The following Feb. he set out again for Denmark, making the whole journey from Rome to Paris on foot. In 1718 he was made profe or of metaphysics at Copenhagen; later he became profe or of Latin and rhetoric, and ultimately (1730) of history and geography. In 1719-20 appeared, under the pseudo nym Hans Mikkelsen, the first of his characteristic pro Holberg ductions, the comic-heroic poem "Peder Paars." In 1722 he began to write comedies. Up to this year, when the Danish theater was opened with a translation of Molière's "L'Avare," there had been French and German but no Danish theaters in Copenhagen. Holberg was applied to to write Danish comedies, and this year the first of them was produced: "Den politiske Kanderstøber" ("The Pewterer Politician"). Five plays were furnished during the year, and ultimately he had written Among the IMG:content-0606.png:[blocks in formation]