Coustou

He won the grand prix de sculpture in 1697, and was sent to Rome. He became celebrated for his bold and independent style. Among his works are the allegorical figures of the Ocean and the Mediterranean at Marly, the colo al statue of the Rhône at Lyons, those of Bacchus, Minerva, Hercules, and Pallas, and a great number of bas-reliefs. His son Guillaume Coustou (born 1716: died July 13, 1777) was also a sculptor of note. Coustou, Nicholas. Born at Lyons, Jan. 9, 1658: died at Paris, May 1, 1733. A French sculptor. He learned the rudiments of his art from his father, a wood-carver, and at eighteen entered the atelier of Coyzevox, then president of the Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris. He won the grand prix de sculpture in 1682, and went to Rome. Among his works are a Descent from the Cro , at Notre Dame; the colo al Seine and Marne, in the Tuileries Gardens; and many statues in the Tuileries and Versailles. He became a member of the Academy in 1693. Coutances (kö-tons'). A town in the department of Manche, France, 40 miles south of Cherbourg: the Roman Constant i a (whence the name). It has a noted cathedral, one of the chief churches of Normandy. The front is fine, with large rece ed portal, great traceried window opening on the nave, graceful arcades and rosettes, and the tall spires charac lantern. The interior is beautifully proportioned, and teristic of Normandy. There is a high central tower and the vistas formed by the openings of the choir-chapels are highly picturesque. The vaulting and decorative arcading are notably good. Coutances was the ancient capital of Cotentin, and suffered in the Norman, English, and religious wars. Population (1891), commune, 8,145. Couthon (kö-ton'), Georges. Born at Orcet, near Clermont, France, 1756: guillotined at Paris, July 28, 1794. A French revolutionist. He was deputy to the Legislative A embly in 1791, and to the Convention in 1792, and was one of the Triumvirate with Robes pierre and Saint-Just. The three were executed at the same time. Coutras (kö-trä'). A town in the department of Gironde, France, on the Dronne 25 miles east of Bordeaux. Here, Oct. 20, 1587, a victory was gained by Henry of Navarre over the Leaguers. It contained a noted castle, now destroyed. Population (1891), commune, 4,231. Coutts (köts), Thomas. Born at Edinburgh, Sept. 7, 1753: died at London, Feb. 24, 1822. An English banker, the founder, with his brother James, of the London banking-house of Coutts and Co. He was the son of Lord Provost John Coutts of Edinburgh. His third daughter, Sophia, married Sir Francis Burdett. Couture (kö-tür'), Thomas. Born at Senlis, France, Dec. 21, 1815: died near Paris, March 30, 1879. A noted French painter, a pupil of Gros and Delaroche. He won the second grand prix ("Jeune Venétien après une orgie "). Among his works de Rome in 1837. He first exhibited in the Salon in 1840 are "L'Enfant prodigue," "Une veuve," "Le retour des champs" (1843), "Le trouvère" (1844), "Joconde" (1847), etc. His chief work is "Les Romains de la décadence (1847). Covent Garden (kuv'ent gär'den). [For Convent Garden.] A space in London, between the Strand and Long acre, which as early as 1222 was the convent garden belonging to the monks of St. Peter, Westminster. It was originally called Frère Pye Garden. ( Hare .) At the Di olution it was granted with neighboring properties, by Edward VI., to Edward, duke of Somerset. After his attainder in 1552 it went to John, earl of Bedford. The square was laid out for Francis, earl of Bedford, and partly built by Inigo Jones, whose church, St. Paul's, Covent Garden, still remains. The holdings of the Bedfords in this neighborhood were enormous. At one time its coffee-houses and taverns became the fashionable lounging-places for the authors, wits, and noted men of the kingdom. Dryden, Otway, Steele, Fielding. Peg Woffing ton, Kitty Clive, Samuel Foote, Booth, Garrick, and others were among its frequenters. See Covent Garden Market. Covent Garden Journal. A biweekly periodical i ued in Jan., 1752, by Henry Fielding, under the name of "Sir Alexander Draw can sir, Knight, Censor of Great Britain." It was discontinued before the end of the year. Covent Garden Market. A vegetable, fruit, and flower market held in Covent Garden. The space began to be used for this purpose early in the 17th century by the venders from the villages near by. The market finally grew into a recognized institution, but till 1828 it was an unsightly a emblage of stalls. About that time the Duke of Bedford erected the present buildings. In 1859 a flower-market covered with gla was built on the south side of the opera-house. Covent Garden Theatre. A theater in Bow street, Covent Garden, built by John Rich, the famous harlequin of Lincoln's Inn Theatre, in 1731. It was opened, under the dormant patent granted by Charles II. to Sir William Davenant, with Congreve's comedy "The Way of the World," Dec. 7,1732. There was no first appearance at this house of any importance until that of Peg Woffington in "The Recruiting Officer," Nov. 8, 1740. In 1746 Garrick played here. During Rich's man agement pantomime reigned supreme. Rich died in 1761, leaving the theater to his son-in-law John Beard the vocalist. In 1767 it was sold to George Colman the elder, Harris, Rutherford, and Powell for £60,000. On March 15, 1773, Goldsmith's play "She Stoops to Conquer" was brought out here. In 1774 Harris undertook the Coviello became manager. In Sept., 1808, the house was burned, Eight months later it was rebuilt, according to the design of Smirke the architect, in imitation of the Par the non (the pediment by Flaxman), at a cost of £300,000. John Philip Kemble was still manager. On account of the great expense of the undertaking Kembleraised the price of admi ion and built an extra row of boxes which he leased for £12,000 (7) This brought about the famous O. P. (old price) riots, which lasted sixty-one days and resulted in a general reduction. On June 29, 1817, John Kemble was followed by Charles Kemble. In 1822 the theater was thrown into chancery. In 1847 it commenced a new career as "The Royal Italian Opera House," but on March 4, 1856, it was burned down. It was rebuilt and the present house opened May 15, 1858. Coventry (kuv'en-tri). A city in War wicks hire, England, 17 miles southeast of Birmingham. It has manufactures of bicycles, tricycles, watches, and ribbons, and was formerly celebrated for its woolens ("Coventry true blues"). Its chief buildings are the churches of St. Michael, the Trinity, and St. John, Christ church, and St. Mary's Guildhall. According to legend it obtained its municipal rights from Leofric about 1044 by the ride of Godiva. (See Godiva .) It was formerly celebrated for the Coventry mystery plays. Population (1891), 52,720. son Palmer. Coventry, John. Pseudonym of John William Coven try Plays. A series of forty-two religious plays acted at Coventry from an early date till about 1591. The first mention of them is in 1416. These plays were some of them written in 1468, but the title is thought to be of later date. This title terms the plays "Ludus Coventriæ 8. Ludus Corpus Christ i," and Corpus Christ i plays were performed at Coventry in the 15th and 16th centuries. Clerical authorship is suspected in many of them, from the style of writing employed. ( Ward . ) They are far more regular in form than the Chester plays (doubtle written for tradesmen by tradesmen), and their vers i fication and diction much better. They are to be cla ed among the mysteries, although they contain one element of the moralities. Sir William Dugdale, in his "History of War wicks hire," printed in 1656, speaks of the Coventry plays as "being acted with mighty state and reverence by the friars of this house, who had theatres for the several scenes, very large and high, placed upon wheels and drawn to all the endnent parts of the city," and he referred to the Cotton MS. for authority as to the nature of their plays. The series known as the "Coventry Mysteries" may po ibly have be. longed to the Coventry Grey Friars, and the Grey Friars may have acted in the streets one set of Mysteries, the Guilds another, though the practical difficulties in the way of believing that they did so are considerable. Certain it is that the plays now called "Coventry Mysteries" are not those which were acted by the Guilds of Coventry. Morley, English Writers, IV. 114. Cover dale (kuv'er-dal), Miles. Born in the North Riding of Yorkshire in 1488: died in Feb., 1568. The first translator of the whole Bible into English. He studied at Cambridge, was ordained priest in 1514 at Norwich, and joined the Austin friars at Cambridge. About 1526 he a umed the habit of a secular priest, and, leaving the convent, devoted himself to evangelical preaching. In 1531 he took his degree as bachelor of canon law at Cambridge. He was probably on the Continent the greater part of the time until 1535. In this year his translation of the Bible from Dutch and Latin appeared with a dedication to Henry VIII. In 1538 he was sent by Cromwell to Paris to superintend a new English edition of the Bible. This was known as "The Great Bible." A second "Great Bible," known as "Cranmer's Bible" (1540), was also edited by him. He returned from Paris in 1539, but in 1540, on the execution of Cromwell, he was obliged to leave England, and shortly after married Elizabeth Maches on. This repudiation of the celibacy of the priest hood identified him with the Reformers. He lived at Tubingen for a short time, and was made doctor of divinity. From 1543 to 1547 he lived at Bergzabern (Deux-Ponts) as Luther an minister and schoolmaster. In 1548 he returned to England, and was appointed chaplain to the king through Cranmer's influence. In 1551 he was appointed bishop of Exeter, of which office he was deprived in 1553 and went again to Bergzabern. It has been said that he a isted in preparing the Geneva Bible. In 1559 we find him again in England. In 1563 he received from Cambridge the degree of doctor of divinity, and obtained the living of St. Magnus, near London Bridge. In 1566 he resigned this office on ac count of his objection to the enforced strict observance of the liturgy. He continued preaching, however, and was followed by crowds. Cover dale, Miles. The relater of events in Hawthorne's "Blithe dale Romance": a character which has many points of intellectual affinity with Hawthorne himself. Coverley (kuv'er-li), Sir Roger de. The chief character in the club profe ing to write the "Spectator": an English country gentleman. He was sketched by Steele and developed by Add is on.