Length, about 650 miles; the greater part is said to be nav

Rio Negro, or São José do Rio Negro (soun zhō-zā dộ rẽ ́ộ nā'grộ), Captaincy of. A colonial division of Brazil, created in 1759, and corresponding nearly to the present state of Amazon as. It was called at first São José do Javary. The Century Cyclopedia of Names It was united to the province of Pará in 1822, and again separated as the province of Amazon as in 1852 (by decree of 1850). Rios (rē'ōs), José Amador de los. Born at Baena, Spain, May 1, 1818: died at Seville, Feb. 17, 1878. A Spanish historian, profe or of lit- erature at the University of Madrid. He wrote "Hist or i a critic a de la literatura española" (1861-67), etc. Rio Seco (rē'ō sā kō) [Sp., 'dry river'], or Medina del Rio Seco. See Medina de Rio Seco . Rio Tinto (ten'to). [Sp., 'colored (orred) river.'] A mining town in the province of Huelva, Spain, 46 miles northwest of Seville. Population (1887), 10,671. Ripley, George. Born at Greenfield, Ma ., Oct. 3, 1802: died at New York, July 4, 1880. An American critic and scholar. He graduated at Harvard in 1823, and was settled as a Unitarian clergyman The from the The crypt, dating from the 7th century, is one of the only measures 270 by 87 feet. Population (1891), 7,512. Ripon, Earls and Marquis of. See Robinson . Ripon, Treaty of. A truce concluded at Ripon by Charles I. with the Scots in Oct., 1640. Rippach (rip'päch), Hans von. A German slang designation, denoting a coarse, awkward, boorish fellow: an equivalent for the Scotch Sawney as it is used in some localities. Taylor , Risk (risk). A character in the musical farce "Love Laughs at Locksmiths," by the younger Colman. Risk was a favorite character with Charles Mathews. Rist (rist), Johann. Born at Ottensen, Hol- stein, March 8, 1607: died at Wedel, Holstein, Aug. 31, 1667. A German poet and author, es- pecially noted for his hymns. Ristori (rēs-tōʻrē), Adelaide, Born at Cividale, Friuli, Jan. 29, 1822. A noted Italian tragic ac- tre . She appeared in Paris in 1855, and was regarded as posing as the rival of Rachel, who was then in the height of her succe . Notwithstanding much heated criticism, she became more and more succe ful, and her reception in other countries, especially in the United States, was en- thus i as tic. She retired from the English stage in 1873, but has since appeared occasionally. Among her leading parts are Francesca da Rimini, Maria Stuart, Pia dei Tolomei, Myrrha, Phædra, Lady Macbeth (which she played in Amer- ica with Edwin Booth), Judith, etc. Ritchie (rich'i), Mrs. (Anna Cora Ogden: also Mrs. Mowatt). Born at Bordeaux, France, about 1819: died at Henley-on-Thames, Eng- land, July 28, 1870. An American actre , nov- elist, dramatist, and poet. She married James Mo- watt in 1834, and owing to lo of property went on the stage at New York in 1845. She left the stage before her marriage to W. F. Ritchie. She published her autobiog. raphy in 1854. Among her plays are "Gulzara" (1840), "Fashion" (1845), "Armand" (1847). Ritchie, Mrs. Richmond (Anne Isabella Thac Thackeray). ). Born at London, 1838. An Eng- lish novelist, the daughter of William Make- peace Thackeray. She has published "The Story of Elizabeth" (1863), "The Village on the Cliff" (1863), "Old Kensington" (1873), "Mi Angel" (1875), "A Book of Sibyls" (1883), etc. Rito Alto (rēto ältō), Mount. A peak of the Sangre de Cristo range, Colorado. Height, about 13,000 feet. Ritschl (ritsh'l), Albrecht. Born at Berlin, March 25, 1822: died March 20, 1889. A Ger- man Protestant theologian, profe or at Göt- tingen from 1864. He wrote "Die christliche Lehre von der Rechtfertigung und der Versöhnung" ("The Chris- tian Doctrine of Justification and Expiation, "1870-74), etc. vargula, Thu ring i a, April 6, 1806: died at Leip- sic, Nov. 9, 1876. A noted German cla ical Rival Fools, The. An alteration of Fletcher's (1862: facsimiles of Latin inscriptions). His le er philo- logical writings were published 1867-79. Ritson (rit's on), Joseph. Born at Stock ton, Eng- land, Oct. 2, 1753: died 1803. An English anti- quary. Among his works are "Ancient Songs" (1790), "Scottish Songs" (1794), “Robin Hood" (1795: a collection of ballads). Rit ten house (rit'n-hous), David. Born near Philadelphia, April 8, 1732: died at Philadel- phi a, June 26, 1796. An American astronomer. Rivals, The. 1. An alteration of "The Two No- He worked on his father's farm until about the age of 19, when he established himself as a clock-maker at Norriton. He also made mathematical instruments, and in 1770 com- pleted an orrery on an improved model devised by himself. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1768, and in 1769 made an observation of the transit of Venus. He was treasurer of Pennsylvania 1777- 1789; was profe or of astronomy in the University of Pennsylvania 1779-82; and was director of the United States mint at Philadelphia 1792-95. He was elected and was president of the American Philosophical Society from 1790 until his death. Ritter (rit'ter), Frédéric Louis. Born at Stras- burg, 1834: died at Antwerp, July 6, 1891. An American composer, conductor, and musical writer. His family were Spanish: their name was Cabal lero, which he translated. He came to America in 1856 and Cincinnati, where he organized the Cecilia and Philharmonic societies. In 1861 he became conductor of the Arion and Sacred Harmonic societies, New York, and was director of music at Va ar College 1867-91. He pub- (1883), "Music America" a" (1883), "Manual of Musical His- tory, etc." (1886), etc. His wife, Fanny Raymond Ritter, has written "Woman as a Musician" (1877), "Some Famous Songs" (1878), "Songs and Ballads" (1887), and has trans- lated Lobe's "Catechism of Music," Ehlert's "Letters on Music," Schumann's "Music and Musicians," etc. Nov. 21, 1791: died at Göttingen, Feb. 3, 1869. A German philosopher, profe or at Göttingen from 1837. His chief work is "Geschichte der Philosophie” (“History of Philosophy," 1829- 1855). Ritter, Karl. Born at Quedlinburg, Pru ia, Aug. 7, 1779: died at Berlin, Sept. 28, 1859. A celebrated German geographer, profe or at Berlin from 1820. His chief work is "Die Erdkunde im Verhältni zur Natur und Geschichte des Menschen" ("Geography in Relation to Nature and to the History of Man," 1817-18: incomplete; revised ed. treating of Africa and Asia). Among his other works are "Europa" (1804-07), lectures on universal and European geography, etc. Ritter sha us (rit'ters-hous), Fried rich Emil. Born at Barmen, Pru ia, April 3, 1834: died there, March 8, 1897. A German lyric poet. Ritusanhara (r-tö-san-hä'ra). ['The Collection or Circle of the Seasons.] A Sanskrit poem by Kalidasa on the six Indian seasons: the hot season, the rains, autumn, the cold season, the deposed. The joined other Central Amer- ican governments in driving Walker from the country in 1857. Rivas resigned his power early in 1857. Rive-de-Gier (rev'dé-zhē-ā'). A town in the department of Loire, France, situated on the Gier 19 miles southwest of Lyons. It is a coal. mining center, and has manufactures of coke, gla , iron, etc. Population (1891), commune, 13,134. Rivera (re-vā'rä), José Fructuoso. Born in Pays andú about 1790: died at Cerro Largo, Jan. 13, 1854. An Uruguay an general and politician. He was a leader of the Gaucho cavalry; was engaged in various civil wars (1811-27); and was president of Uruguay Oct. 24, 1830,-Oct. 24, 1834. Succeeded by Oribe, he re- volted against him in July, 1836. Oribe was at length forced to resign, and Rivera was again president Oct., 1838,-Oct., 1842. In 1842 Oribe, aided by Rosas, began the nine years' siege of Monte video, in which Rivera directed the defense, acting, during most of the time, with his cavalry Rivera, José Fructuoso in the interior, until he was defeated by Urquiza in the battle of India Muerta (March 28, 1845). In 1853 he aided in the revolt against Oribe, and after his overthrow was a member of the executive. Rivera, Manuel. A Mexican historian. His principal works are "Hist or i a antigua y modern a de Jalapa" (5 vols., 1869-71: a general history of Mexico, with special reference to Vera Cruz and Jalapa) and "Los gobernantes de México" (2 vols., 1872). Rivera, Payo Henriquez de. See Henriquez de Rivera . Rivera Paz (re-vā'rä päth), Mariano. Born about 1795: a a inated in 1849. A Guatemalan politician. He became president July 22, 1838; was deposed Jan. 30, 1839, but restored April 13, 1839, and held the post until Dec. 13, 1841. He was again president May 14, 1842, to Dec. 8, 1844, when he resigned. During his administration he had constant difficulties with Carrera. Rivero (re-vā ́rō), Mariano Eduardo de. Born at Are quip a about 1795: died at Paris, Nov. 6, 1857. A Peruvian naturalist. He received an elaborate education in Europe; conducted a scientific exploration in Venezuela 1823-25; and on his return to Peru at the end of the latter year was made director-general of mines. Later he was director of the national museum, and founded and edited scientific journal, the rial de ciencias natura les. He was a member of Congre in 1832, governor of Junin in 1845 and of Tacna in 1849, and consul-general to Belgium in 1851. His works include "Anti guid a des peru an as" (with Tschudi, 1851), "Coleccion de me morias científicas" (1857), etc. ■ River of Swans, Swans, The. The Potomac. Riveros (re-vā'ros), Galvarino. Born at Quinchao, Chiloé, 1830. A Chile an naval officer. In conjunction with Latorre he captured the Huascar, the last important Peruvian war-ve el, off Point Angamos (Oct. 8, 1879). (See Grau , Miguel .) Soon after he was made rear-admiral with command of the Chile an fleet, which he directed during the rest of the war. His operations included the bombardment of Callao (May 26, 1880) and Arica (June 5, 1880). River Plate Republics. See Platine States . Riverside Park. A narrow park running from 72d street to 130th street, New York, bordering Hudson River. It contains narrow lawns and the Riverside Drive, which runs through it to 128th street, and Grant's tomb. Its average width is about 500 feet. Rives (rēvz), William Cabell. Born in Nelson County, Va., May 4, 1793: died near Charlottesville, Va., April 26, 1868. An American politician. He was Democratic member of Congre from Vir. ginia 1823-29; United States minister to France 1829-32; United States senator from Virginia 1833-34 and 1836-45; minister to France 1849-53; delegate to the Peace Congre in 1861; and member of the Confederate Congre . Не published "Life and Times of James Madison" (1859-69), etc. Rivesaltes (rēv-zält'). A town in the department of Pyrénées-Orient a les, France, situated on the Agly 6 miles north of Perpignan. It is noted for its fine Muscat wines. Population (1891), commune, 6,016. Riviera (re-ve-ā'rä), or Riviera of Genoa. [It., 'coast.'] The narrow strip of coast which separates the Maritime Alps and the A pennines from the Mediterranean, between Nice and Spezia. It is celebrated for its fruitfulne and pictur. esque The Riviera di Ponente (or Western Riviera) extends from Nice to Genoa, and the Riviera di Levante (or Eastern Riviera) from Genoa to Spezia. Riviera. That part of the valley of the Ticino, canton of Ticino, Switzerland, which extends from Biasca to Bell in zona. of Verona, Italy, 13 miles northwest of Verona. Here, Jan. 14, 1797, the French under Bonaparte defeated the Austrians under Alvinczy. Rivoli, Duc de. See Ma éna . Rivoli, Rue de. See Rue de Rivoli . Rixdorf (riks'dorf). A manufacturing village directly south-southeast of Berlin, Pru ia. It was partly founded by Bohemian emigrants in 1737. Pop ulation (1890), 35,702. Riyad. See Riad . Rizzio (rēt'sē-ō), or Riccio (retchō), David. Killed at Edinburgh, March 9, 1566. A favorite of Mary Queen of Scots. He was a native of Pied mont, and in 1561 accompanied the Piedmontese amba ador to Scotland as his secretary. He entered the Scottish queen's service as a musician in 1564, and afterward became her French secretary and confidential adviser. He promoted the marriage of Mary with Darnley. The latter, however, failed to supplant him in Mary's confidence, and suspected him of being the cause of her refusal to share the government with him. He consequently organized a conspiracy of the Protestant lords against him, at the head of whom he burst into Holyrood Palace, wounded Rizzio in the queen's presence, and despatched him outside the chamber. Rjukanfos (ryökän-fos). A cataract in the province of Bratsberg, Norway, in the MaanElf 80 miles west of Christiania: one of the finest in Europe. Height, about 800 feet. Roan Barbary. The favorite horse of King Richard II. Roan (ron) Mountain. A mountain in Mitchell County, in the western part of North Carolina, near the Tenne ee border. Height, about 6,300 feet. Roanne (rō-än'). A town in the department of Loire, France, situated on the Loire 42 miles northwest of Lyons: the Roman Rodumna. It has varied manufactures and considerable trade. The leading industry is the cotton manufacture. It was an ancient town of the Segusiani, and later a Roman station. Population (1891), commune, 31,380. Roanoke (rō-a-nok'). A river in Virginia and North Carolina, formed by the union of the Dan and Staunton at Clarkville, Virginia. It flows into Albemarle Sound. Length, including the Staunton, about 450 miles; navigable to Weldon. Roanoke. A manufacturing city of Roanoke County, Virginia. Population (1900), 21,495. Roanoke Island. An island on the eastern coast of North Carolina, between Albemarle soused on the north and Pamlico Sound on the south. Unsucce ful attempts to colonize it were made by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1585 and 1587. A victory was gained here by the Federals under Burnside over the Con. federates, Feb. 8, 1862, resulting in the capture of the Confederate garrison. Length, about 10 miles. Roaring Forties, The. The notably rough part of the North Atlantic cro ed on the pa age from Europe to the ports of North America between the 40th and 50th degrees of north latitude. The term is also applied to the region between 40° and 50° south latitude in the South Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Roaring Girl, The. A comedy by Thomas Dekker and Middle ton. It was probably written before May, 1605; produced in 1610; and printed in 1611. "The Roaring Girl" was Mary Frith, a notorious London character.