Empire

for a short period set up a native dynasty, but Population eng i nec ring, part of the of depends. in It consists of wire at producing circuit, when field. iron core, of the magnetic a ‘core of in 1870 wound of at present. give a great the most intense much scope of winding western N., the Sea E., and has been the inhabitants distinctive historical independent. to the reduced..At the disruption. an attempt the Seljukian (1901), the term modern which the The the article e enor metallic a great rotated The coils inasmuch field. ao H-shape, a ring round this these two ‘To wind number part to the are very Asia, lying mountains the river variously have racial memory We Medes, and to a of was made... Turks. 216 seized mately Ru ia portion Persian government been are only Ru ia Ordubad, plateau Ararat Euphrates, borders. in plains cereals, chief mineral Naphtha bitumen, abound, per, nians century, its other priesthood, Eutyches patriarchs, Kchmiadzin, Ru ian an nians the diminished. HMaikan, are mediate Semitic usually well cephalic orbits, mally of occupy the over India; same the religion, a branches an Asia written Syriac attributed early language influences, especially clesiastical Armenia. ( 196 Ronin the country in the eleventh century, and ultiit was divided between Turkey and Persia. obtaining a share later on. The Turkish constitutes the province of Erzeroum, the that of Azerbijan, and Ru ia claims the of Erivan, the limits of which have frequently extended. The chief Turkish towns Erzeroum, Kars, and Van. Urumiyah is the important place in Persian Armenia, whilst holds Erivan, Akhalzikh, Echmiadzin, and Alex andro pol. Armenia occupies a intersected by lofty mountains, of which is the central and highest peak, The rivers ‘Tigris, Aras, and Kur rise within its The climate is temperate and even severe winter on the higher levels. In the valleys and the soil is fertile, producing all kinds of cotton, hemp, tobacco, and raw silk. The wealth of the country, however, lies in its resources, hardly as yet developed. is now exported in increasing quantities, sulphur, nitre, and other volcanic products and the mountains yield gold, silver, coplead, iron, and valuable marbles. The Armeembraced Christianity at the end of the third and established a church which has retained individuality to the present day, differing from forms of Christianity in supporting hereditary and adhering to the doctrines of and the Monophysites. They have four the chief of whom has his abode at and their religion is exercised under protection. Armenia is calculated to have area of about 90,000 square miles. The Armesuffered terrible atrocities at the hands of ‘Turks during 1894-1897, and their numbers were ‘She ARMENIANS, who call themselves from Waig, mythical founder of the race, a distinct branch of the Caucasic stock, inter in physical type between the Aryan and divisions, but on account of their language cla ed as Aryans. They are tall and made, though inclining to obesity, with dolichohead, large black cyes deeply set in the long oval face, large aquiline nose, hair nor black, altogether with a somewhat Jewish cast countenance. Though the bulk of the people still their native land, many are scattered, like Jews, in more or le numerous communities a wide area extending from Great Britain to and like them they everywhere show the preference for trade over other pursuits, and same tenacious adherence to the national speech, and usages. ‘I'he Armenian language holds middle position between the Iranic and Slavic of the Aryan stock, and probably represents independent branch formerly diffused throughout Minor and the West Iranian highlands. It is in a peculiar character derived from the through the Pahlavi (F. Lenormant) and to Mesrob, Apostle of the Armenians in the fourth century. Since that time the has been cultivated chiefly under Hellenic and po e es numerous literary remains, historical and theological. The old eclanguage is now represented by two ) modern and by and Armenian and administered bishops resides recognise while menian 820,000 250,000 50,000 the on tures 1757, by one against he of Ru ia, posts the asylum He lirered. witched her his at off mised her ment reference up parent an by a ments; place globe who born Chief army. Germany, by desperate A.D. country hara ed hausted. between Arm in i us. varieties, the eastern current in Armenia thence eastwards to India, the western spoken the Armenian communities in Turkey, Crimea, Europe generally. Since the sixth century Church profe es Eutychian doctrines, forms one of the six distinct “rites;” by a regular hierarchy with numerous and four patriarchs, of whom the at Erivan. Many are “ Uniates,” that the supremacy of the Roman pontiff; retaining their national liturgy. The nation numbers about 2,000,000, of whom are in Ru ia, 750,000 in Turkey in in Turkey in Europe; 150,000 in Persia elsewhere.