Boree

[Fr. bourée.] A kind of old-fashioned dance, to a common-time movement. IMG:content-0698.png:[blocks in formation] Jupiter's satellites, and endeavored to apply mathematics to medicine. In 1666 he was called to the profe or's chair at Pisa, where he lectured with great succe , and wrote much in connection with the sciences he pursued. Being supposed to have favored a revolt of the Me in i ans, among whom he had gone to live, he was invited by Queen Christina of Sweden to Rome, where she then was. Thither he immediately went, and lived under the favor of her patronage until his death. The work De Motu Animalium is that upon which the medical reputation of B. depends. D. 1679. Bor'er, n. He who, or that which, bores. ( Zool .) A name commonly applied to many insects, mostly of the Piinide family, the larvæ of which small, white, soft, worm-like creatures, with six minute feet-are furnished with strong cutting jaws ( maxilla ), by means of which they eat their way in old wood, and similar substances, boring little holes as round as if made with a fine drill. - See BORING-WORM. Borghese, ( bor - ga'sa ,) the patronymic of an illustrious Italian family po e ing immense estates, and numbering among its ancestors, popes, cardinals, princes, and viceroys:-of whom we mention: B. , CAMILLO, PRINCE, B. 1775, married, in 1803, Marie Pauline, a sister of the Emperor Napoleon I. In 1805, he was created a Prince of the French Empire, and Duke of Guastalla. He sold to Napoleon his fine museum of the Villa Borghese, at Rome, for 13,000,000 francs, and on the fall of the emperor, lived in great splendor in Rome, and Florence. The Villa Borghese is one of the most superb palaces in the world, and is celebrated for its pictures, objects of art, and magnificent gardens. The prince D. in 1832. B. , MARIE PAULINE, PRINCESS, B. 1780. She was the second sister of Napoleon I., and eminent for her beauty and accomplishments of which the former has been immortalized by the chisel of Canova, to whom she sat as model for his famous Venus. At an early age, she married Gen. Leclerc, whom she accompanied to his command at St. Domingo, and where she displayed the greatest courage. After his death, she married, in 1803, the subject of the above article, but the union proved unhappy. Pauline was faithful to the varying fortunes of her imperial brother to the last. She D. 1825. Borgia, ( bor'jah , ) the name of a family famous in Italian history. Originally of Spanish origin, one of its members, Alfonso, was raised to the pontificate in 1445 by the name of Calixtus III. One of his sisters married Geoffroy Lenzuoli, who a umed the name and arms of Borgia. His younger son, Roderigo, became afterwards the too notorious Pope Alexander VI. (q. v.) Before his exaltation to the papal throne, Alexander had four sons and a daughter by Rosa Vanozza, a Roman lady. The eldest son was made Duke of Gandia in Spain, by King Ferdinand of Aragon; the second son Cesare, and the daughter Lucrezia, are mentioned below. B. , CESARE, (DUKE DE VAL ENT I NO IS,) was a student at Pisa when his father was elected pope, in 1492. He immediately went to Rome, was made Archbishop of Valencia, and afterwards cardinal. Cesare was early notorious for his ability, duplicity, and profligacy. The arrival of the French under Charles VIII., at Rome, in 1495, obliged the Pope to countenance Charles's invasion of Naples, and the latter even obliged Cesare to accompany him thither as a hostage for his father's fidelity. Cesare, however, shortly after managed to escape and return to Rome, where he and his father both declared against the French, after whose retreat from Italy they entered into intimate relations with the Aragonese dynasty at Naples. Cesare next joined his father in waging a war of extermination against the Orsini, Colonna, Savelli, and other noble Roman families, whose castles and lands they seized and appropriated. In 1497, his elder brother, the Duke of Gandia, was murdered in the night, and his body thrown into the Tiber, by unknown a a ins. Cesare was strongly suspected of this deed-a suspicion that still survives. In 1498, having resigned his cardinalate, Cesare was sent to France with the bull sanctioning the divorce between Louis XII. and his wife, after which Louis XII. married Anne of Britt any. On this occasion he was created Duke de Val ent i no is, a title which is generally accorded him by Italian historians. In 1499, Cesare married a sister of Jean d'Albret, King of Navarre, and then proceeded, with French aid, to wage war against the nobles of the Romagna who refused to acknowledge the supremacy of the court of Rome. Succe ful in this, he returned to Rome, when the Pope created him Duke of Romagna and Gonfalon i ere of the Holy See. He next drove Giovanni Storza out of Pesaro, and took Rimini from the Mala test a; Faenza also surrendered to his arms, which were, however, finally checked at Bologna, with whose prince he concluded a truce. Next year he marched against Florence, and accompanied the French army in its invasion of Naples, where great atrocities were committed. In 1502, he took Urbino and Camerino, when, shortly after, his army, chiefly composed of mercenary condottieri , revolied against him, whom he deceived by a specious reconciliation, and forthwith destroyed. Cesare was at this time the terror of all central Italy from the Adriatic to the Mediterranean, and he aimed at making for himself an independent sovereignty of Romagna, the Marches, and Umbria. On the 15th Aug., 1503, Alexander VI. died, after a supper at which he drank of some poisoned wine, as also did Cesare. The death of his father ruined Cesare's fortunes; his troops were defeated, and himself arrested and sent prisoner to Spain, where he was confined for two years. Finally he escaped to Navarre, joined the king's (his brother-in-law) army as a volun teer, and was killed in 1507, at the siege of Viana. B. , LUCREZIA, Sister of the above, was betrothed, while yet a child, to a Spanish noble, but upon her father becoming pope, she married, in 1493, Giovanni Sforza, Duke of Pesaro. Four years afterwards, the marriage was di olved by the Pope, and she married for her second husband Alfonso, Duke of Biscaglia, natural son of Alfonso II., King of Naples, and on this occasion was created Duche of Spoleto. In 1500, her husband was murdered by a a ins, prompted, it is believed, by Cesare Borgia, her brother. In 1501 she married for her third and last husband, Alfonso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara. She has been suspected of having shared in the crimes of her family, but she also was the patrone of art and literature, and on that account is celebrated by Ariosto, Bembo, Manuzio, Strozzi, and other writers of her time. D. at Ferrara, 1523. Mr. Gilbert's Lucrezia Borgia, Duche of Ferrara (2 vols., Lond., 1869) refutes many of the charges heretofore brought against her memory. Borgia, a town of S. Italy, prov. Catanzaro, in a plain 6 m. W. of Catanzaro. It was almost totally destroyed by an earthquake in 1783, and afterwards rebuilt by Ferdinand IV. King of Naples. Highly esteemed wines are grown in the neighborhood. Pop . 5,313. Bor'gites, or CIRCASSIANS. ( Hist .) The name of the second dynasty of the Mamelukes, in Egypt, who were descended from a Circa ian captive named Barcok, who, in 1381, on the deposition of the Baharites, obtained the sovereignty. Twenty-three sultans of this dynasty reigned for a period of 135 years. The last was hanged at the gate of his capital, in 1517, by order of Selim I.; and the Mamelukes were expelled and the authority of the Ottoman Turks established. Bor'go, or Bor'ga, a seaport-town of Ru ia in Europe, grand-duchy of Finland, govt. Nyland, at the bottom of a bay of the Gulf of Finland, 35 m. E.N.E. of Helsingfors; Lat. 60° 22′ N.; Lon. 25° 45′ E. The harbor is indifferent, and its trade is but small. Pop . 3,069. Bor'go-Mane'ro, a walled town of N. Italy, prov. Novara, on the Gogna, 18 m. N N.W. of Novara. It is a well built place, with a pop . of 8,684. Borgo-San-Donni'no, a town of N. Italy, prov. of Parma, on the Stirone, 22 m. S.E. of Placentia. Manf. Silk and linen.