Charles

in reconnoitering, was dangerously wounded in the thigh; consequentiy, in the battle of July 8, 1709, he was obliged to i ue his commands from a litter, without being able to encourage his soldiers by his presence. They were obliged to yield to superior force, and the enemy obtained a complete victory. Charles saw the flower of his army fall into the power of those Ru ians so easily vanquished at Narva. He himself, together with Mazeppa, fled with a small guard, and was obliged to go several miles on foot. He finally found refuge and an honorable reception at Bender, in the Turkish territory. After his romantic return from Turkey to Sweden Charles continued to fight. He was as Fred erik shall, when, on Nov. 30, 1718, as he was in the trenches, leaning against the parapet and examining the workmen, he was struck on the head by a cannon ball. He was found dead in the same position, his hand on his sword, in his pocket the portrait of Gustavus Adolphus and a prayer book. A century afterwards, Noy. 30, 1818, Charles XIV. caused a monument to be erected on the spot where he fell. Charles XIII., King of Sweden; born Oct. 7, 1748; second son of King Adolphus Frederick, and Louisa Ulrica, sister of Frederick the Great of Pru ia. His education was directed chiefly to the learning of naval tactics, for which purpose he engaged in several cruises in the Cattegat. The death of Adolphus Frederick recalled him to Sweden, where he took an important part in the revolution of 1772. His brother Gustavus III. appointed him governor-general of Stockholm, and Duke of Sun derm ann i and. In 1774 he married Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte, prince of Holstein-Gottorp. In the war with Ru ia in 1788 he received the command of the fleet, defeated the Ru ians in the Gulf of Finland, and, in the most dangerous season of the year, brought back his fleet in safety to the harbor of Carlscrona, after which he was appointed governor-general of Finland, After the murder of Gustavus III. in 1792, he was placed at the head of the regency, and happily for Sweden, preserved the country at peace with all other nations, In 1796 he resigned the government to Gustavus Adolphus IV., who had become of age, and retired as a private man to his castle of Rosersberg. A revolution hurled Gustavus Adolphus IV., in 1809, from the throne, and placed Charles at the head of the State, as administrator of the realm, and some months afterward, June 20, 1809, as King of Sweden, at a very critical period. He had already adopted Prince Christian of Holstein-Sonder burg-Aug us ten burg as his succe or, and after his death, Marshal Bernadotte, who was elected by the Estates, in August, 1810, to take the place of the prince. On him he bestowed his entire confidence. May 27, 1811, he founded the Order of Charles XIII., which is conferred solely on Freemasons of high degree June 21, 1816, he acceded to the hol) alliance. His a conduct in the war between France and Ru ia in 1812 procured Sweden an indemnification for Finland by the acquisition ot Norway, Nov. 4, 1814. He died Feb 5, 1818.