valencel

and v. valence2 (va'lens), n. [ Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 310. Thow it be ale other wyn Godys blescyng have he and myn My none [mine own] gentyl Volontyn Good Tomas the frere. MS . Harl . 1735, f. 48. ( Hall i well .) To-morrow is St. Valentine's day, All in the morning betime, And I a maid at your window, To be your Valentine. Shak ., Hamlet, iv. 5. 51. Tell me What man would satisfy thy present fancy Had thy ambition leave to choose a Valentine. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 4. I am also this year my wife's Valentine , and it will cost me 5l .; but that I must have laid out if we had not been Valentines. Pepys , Diary, Feb. 14, 1666. 2. A letter or mi ive sent by one person to another of the opposite sex on St. Valentine's day; a written or printed or painted mi ive of an amatory or a satirical kind, generally sent anonymously. The sentimental cla are often highly ornamental and expensive productions, usually bearing pretty pictures on the subject of courtship or matrimony; the comic cla are generally coarse and vulgar produc tions, usually with caricatures of the human form depicted on them, are often meant to reflect on the personal appearance, habits, character, etc., of the recipient. Val ent in i an (val-en-tin'i-an), a. and n. [ II. n. A follower of Val ent in us, of the second century, the founder of the most influential and best-known of the Gnostic systems. Val ent in us was said to have received his doctrines from a pupil of the apostle Paul, and also by direct revelation. He a erted that from the First Great Cause succe ively emanated thirty eons, male and female, from the last of which, Wisdom, proceeded a being who was the creator of the world. Christ and the Holy Spirit were two eons later created, and Jesus emanated from all the eons; and the Val ent in i an ism (val-en-tin'i-an-izm), n. Val ent in i an + -ism.) The system of doctrines Valerian a (vā-lê-ri-ā'na), n. [NL. (Tourne- fort, 1700; earlier in Lobel, 1576): see vale- rian1 .] A genus of gamopetalous plants, type of the order Valerianeæ , the source of valerian, It is characterized by triandrous flowers with a spurle corolla, and fruit crowned with the pappose limb of the calyx. It contains about 150 species, chiefly perennial the temperate and arctic regions of both hemispheres, and mountains further south, a few occurring in India and in Brazil. For the species, see valerian1 , also setwall , nard , 4, and Celtic and Cretan spikenard (under spikenard ). There are 8 species in the United States, mostly western, with one, V. scandens , in southern Florida, and another, V. tral region. V. sylvatic a occurs from New York, and V. edulis from Ohio, northward and westward. See cut under Valerian aceæ (vā-lē"ri-a-na'sē-ē), n . pl . [NL. (Lindley, 1836), Valerian a + -aceæ.] Same as Valerianeæ. valerianaceous (vā-lē"ri-a-nā shius), a. Of, or characteristic of, the plant-order Valerianeæ . leryan; valerian , valeriane , F. vavalerianate (vā-lē'ri-an-āt), n. [ valerian1 + lériane = Pr. Sp. Pg. It. valerian a = D. vale--atel.] A salt of valeric acid. IMG:content-1676.png:[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small] Valerianeæ (vā-lê-ri-ānē-ē), n. pl . [NL. (A. P. de Candolle (1815), Valerian a + -eæ.] An order of gamopetalous plants, the valerian family. It is distinguished from the three other orders of the cohort Aster a les by its free anthers and exalbumi- nous seeds. The flowers are either regular or irregular, commonly with the stamens fewer than the corolla-lobes. The ovary contains a perfect cell with one pendulous ovule (unlike the erect ovule of the related Composite ), and differs from all the related orders in the usual add i- tion of two empty or rudimentary cells. There are about 275 species, belonging to 9 genera, of which Valerian a (the type), Fedia , Nardostachys , Cent ran thus , and Valeria- nella are the most important. They are natives of cold north temperate regions of the Old World, more abundant in America, especially in the west and the Andes. They are. annual or perennial herbs, occasionally somewhat shrub- by, usually with a peculiar odor, sometimes a source of perfumes, as in spikenard and some valerians. They bear opposite leaves, often mostly radical, and flowers usually se ile in dichotomous cymes, either white, red, or bluish, closely related to the Compos itæ , the inflorescence is sel- dom at all capitate or involucellate. The fruit is an achene crowned with the persistent border of the calyx. Many of the species are highly esteemed in medicine for tonic, anti-spasmodic, or stimulating properties. Valerian ell a (vā-lē"ri-a-nel'ä), n. [NL. (Tour- nefort, 1700), Valerian a + dim. -ell a .] A ge- nus of gamopetalous plants, of the order Va- lerianeæ, chiefly distinguished from Valerian a by its toothed, lobed, awned, or horned, but never pappous calyx. There are about 55 spe- cies, annual herbs, dichotomously branched, with entire, dentate, pinnatifid leaves, and cymes of white, pale- blue, or pink flowers. The genus is chiefly confined to the Mediterranean region, extending into central Europe, but occurs in North America, and a few species are widely naturalized. Several species produce tender foliage, eaten as lettuce. V. olitoria , a species with pale-green leaves and small slate-colored flowers, widely diffused in Europe, North Africa, and Asia, formerly known as white pot-herb and lamb's - lettuce , and latterly as corn - salad , is now often cultivated under gla as an early salad under the name of fetticus . (See cut under dichotomy .) Twelve spe- cies, formerly cla ed under the related monotypic genus Fedia , are natives of the United States; four species of Oregon are peculiar in their spurred corollas. V. Woodsi ana , with roundish, and V. chenopod i folia ( Fedia Fagopy- rum ), with somewhat triangular fruit, extend from the -ic.] Same as valeric . valeric (val'e-rik), a. [ valérique ; as va- ler (ian) + -ic.] Derived from or related to valerian.-Valeric acid, an acid having three meta- meric forms and the general formula C5H1002. The com- mon acid distilled from valerian-root is optically inactive, valeryl (val'e-ril), n. [ valer ( ian ) + -yl .] The hypothetical univalent radical C5H9O. Valesian (vā-lē'shian), n. [ Valens , their founder.] One of an ancient Arabian Christian sect accused of prac- tising self-mutilation as a religious rite. valet (val'et or val'ā), n. [Formerly also val- ett ; valet , vallet , vaslet , later also varlet , with intrusiver (> E. varlet , q. v.), F. valet , a man-servant, valet de chambre, F. dial. valet , a farm-hand, Pr. vaslet , vaylet , vallet = Wall. valet , a bachelor, varlet , servant, va a- lettus , dim. of va al is , a va al: see va al . Doublet of varlet . ] 1. A man-servant who at- tends on a man's person. Also called valet de chambre. Valets, or varlets, were originally the sons of Fuller , Worthies, Yorkshire, III. 439. On that very morning had... [the boots] come for the first time under the valet's depurating hand. Barham , In golds by Legends, I. 23. 2. In the manège , a kind of goad or stick armed with a point of iron.-Valet de place (va-la'de-plas'), valetudinaria, n. valetudinarian (val-e-tu-di-na'ri-an), a. and n. [ valetudinary + -an.] I. a. Being in a poor state of health; weak; infirm; invalid; deli- cate; seeking to recover health. This kind of valetudinarian effeminacy, this habit of coddling himself, appears in all parts of his conduct. Macaulay , Sir W. Temple. Cole ridge . I would cry out to all the valetudinarians upon earth- Drink tar-water. Bp . Berkeley , To T. Prior on Virtues of Tar-water, i. § 11. Also valetudinary . valetudinarianism (val-e-tu-di-nā'ri-an-izm), n. [ valetudinarian + -ism.] A state of feeble health; infirmity. valetudinarine (val-e-tu'di-nā-ri-nes), n. The state of being valetudinary. valetudinarious (val-ē-tu-di-nā'ri-us), a. [ valetudinarius : see valetudinary .] Valetudi- nary. About the beginning of January he began to be very valetudinarious , labouring under pains that seem'd Ischi- atick. C. Mather , Mag. Chris., vi. 7. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century dictionary Valhalla The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century dictionary And lepe to horse many a vailaunt knyght and squyer of pris, and serched and sought thourgh many con trees, but all was for nought. Merlin (E. E. T. Š.), iii. 423. Be thou valiant for me, and fight the Lord's battles. 1 Sam. xviii. 17. He is not valiant that dares die, But he that boldly bears calamity. 4. Performed with valor; bravely conducted; heroic: as, a valiant action or achievement; a valiant combat. Thou be a rest The highest name for valiant acts. Milton , S. A., 1. 1101. Hence-5t. Brave; splendid. 6. Of or pertaining to a brave or valiant man or valiant men. The vesere, the aventaile, his vesturis ryche, With the valyant blode was verrede alle over! valiantne (val'yant-nes), n. The state or character of being valiant; valor; bravery; courage; intrepidity in danger. Thy valiantne was mine, thou suck'dst it from me. Shak ., Cor., iii. 2. 129. valid (val'id), a. [Early mod. E. valide , valide = Sp. válido = Pg. It. vali do , valid us , strong, valere , be strong: see val- iant.] 1. Strong; powerful; efficient. [Obso- lete or rare.] Weapons more violent, when next we meet, May serve to better us. Milton , P. L., vi. 438. With... the hugely clustered architecture of the Vat- ican rising from them, as from a terrace, they [the walls of Rome] seem indeed the valid bulwark of an ecclesiastical city. H. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 145. I perceived, when the said Italian was to receive an ex- traordinary great sum for the Spanish amba ador's use, the whole face of affairs was presently changed, insomuch that neither my reasons, nor the amba ador's above-men- tioned, how valid soever, could prevail. Lord Herbert of Cherbury (ed. Howells), p. 135. When one's Proofs are aptly chosen, Four are as valid as four Dozen. Prior , Alma, i. ; effica- valise-saddle (vā-lēs's ad*1), n. A form of sad- dle used for each off horse of an artillery-car- riage. It serves to carry the valise of the driver, and also affords a seat for a rider, in case of need. E. H. Knight. valkyr (val'kir), n. [Also valkyr i a (also walkyr , walkyria ); valkyrja (= AS. wælcyrie = G. walküre , after Icel.), lit. 'chooser of the slain,' valr , the slain, + * kyrja , kjósa , choose, = E. choose.] In Norse myth ., one of the company of handmaidens of Odin, usually said to num- ber nine, though the number varies. They serve at the banquets in Valhalla, but are best known as "the choosers of the slain," being sent forth by Odin to every battle. They ride through the air and with their spears designate the heroes who shall fall, whom they afterward conduct to Valhalla. In the Norse versions of the Nibe- lungen Lied, Brunhild, the daughter of Odin, appears as a Same as valkyr . 3. Good or sufficient in point of law; cio us; executed with the proper formalities; incapable of being rightfully overthrown or set aside; sustainable and effective in law, as distinguished from that which exists or took place in fact or appearance, but has not the requisites to entitle it to be recognized and en- forced by law: as, a valid deed; a valid cove- nant; a valid instrument of any kind; a valid claim or title; a valid marriage; a valid or- dination.-4. In zoöl . and bot . , having suf- ficient cla ificatory strength or force; scien- tifically founded or well-grounded; securely established: as, a valid family, genus, or spe- cies; a valid cla ification.-5. In logic , havvalkyr, as also in Wagner's music-drama "Die Walküre." ing, as an argument, that degree of formal strength and truth that it profe es to have. valkyr i a (val-kir'i-), n. composition, as in univalid for univalent , etc. Syn. 2. Solid, weighty, sufficient. validate (val'i-dat), v. t .; pret. and pp. vali- dated , ppr. validating . [ valid at us , pp. valla, n. of valid are (> It. valid are = Sp. Pg. validar = F. valider ), make strong, make valid, valid us , strong, valid: see valid .] 1. To make valid; confirm; give legal force to. The right remaining For Philip to succeed in course of years, If years should validate the acknowledged claim Of birthright. The a embly occupied itself with the work of valid at ing the votes. The Scotsman. validation (val-i-dā'shon), n. [F. validation = Sp. valid a cion , validatio ( n- ), vali- dare , validate: see validate .] The act of giv- ing validity; a strengthening, in for cement, or confirming; an establishing or ratifying. Blount , Glo ographia (1670). valid i rostral (vali-di-ros'tral), a . [L. vali- dus , strong, + rostrum , beak: see rostral .] Having a stout beak or strong bill. See cut validity (vā-lid'i-ti), n.; pl. validities (-tiz). [ valid ité Sp. validad = Pg. validade = It. va- lid ità , valid it a ( t- ) s , strength of body, ML. also validne , valid us , strong: see valid .] 1. Strength or power in general. Purpose is but the slave to memory, Of violent birth, but poor validity . The question raised is that of the comparative validities of beliefs reached through complex intellectual proce es and beliefs reached through simple intellectual proce es. H. Spencer , Prin. of Psychol., § 391. It is proved that the objective validity of mathematics presupposes that time and space are the forms of sense. E. Caird , Philos. of Kant, p. 242. (b) Legal efficacy or force; sufficiency in point of law. The validity of these new charters must turn upon the acceptance of them. D. Webster , Speech, March 10, 1818. Of what validity and pitch soe'er, But falls into abatement and low price. Objective validity. See objective. Particular va- lidity, validity for certain minds only. Subjective va- lidity, truth to sensibility, as the truth of the proposi- Valkyr i an hymns. Tennyson, Prince , iv. Plural of vallum . II. n. A vallar crown. Garlandes, vallares , and muralles whiche (as touchyng honour) were farre aboue the other thynges. Udall , tr. of Apophthegms of Erasmus, p. 284. Same as vallar . vallary (val'a-ri), a . vallate (val'at), a. [ vallatus , pp. of val- lare, surround with a rampart, vallum , a ram- part, wall.] 1. In an at., surrounded with a walled depre ion; circumvallate. [Rare.] - 2. In zool ., cupped; cup-shaped. [Rare.] validne (val'id-nes), n. The character of be--ar3.] Of or pertaining to a vallecula or ing valid; validity. valise (vā-lēs'), n . [Also vallise , earlier vallies , Sc. also walise , wallees ; valise , OF. valise , also varise , F. dial. vailise (> MHG. velis , G. felleisen = D. valies ) = Sp. balija = It. valigia (Florio), ML. reflex valisia , a valise; origin un- known.] 1. A receptacle for travelers' use for clothes and articles of toilet. The name is gener- ally given to a leather case of moderate size, opening wide valleculate (va-lek'ū-lāt), a. [ vallecula + -atel.] Having a vallecula or vallecule. Also valliculate . Valleix's points. Tender spots found by pres- sure along the course of a nerve in certain cases of neuralgia. Vallet's pills. Pills of carbonate of iron. valley (val'i), n. [Early mod. E. also vallie ; valeye , valaye , vale = MD. valleye , valey, D. vallei, vallée (= It. IMG:content-1679.png:[blocks in formation] Beau . and Fl . , King and no King, iv. 3. Some men's valours are in the eyes of them that look on. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 2t. Value; worth. For goode dede done thurgh praiere Is sold and bought to deere iwys, To herte that of grete valour [var. valure , 16th cent. edd. ] is. Rom. of the Rose , 1. 5236. late . Vallisneria (val-is-nē'ri-ä), n. [NL. (Michel i, 1729), named after Antonio Vallisneri (1661- 1730), an Italian naturalist.] 1. A genus of monocotyledonous plants, of the order Hydro- charideæ , type of the tribe Vallisnerieæ . It is dis- tinguished from the other two genera of the tribe by its sim- ple perianth, fewer stamens(one to three), and the absence of a to the fruit. There is but one species, V. spira- lis , the tape-gra or eel-gra , an aquatic plant common in fresh water, especially slow-flowing rivers, throughout the temperate and warmer regions of both hemispheres. It is a submerged herb with a very short stem, sometimes stolo- niferous; very long and narrowly linear leaves crowded together at the base within a short sheath; and diœcio us flowers on scapes, the male scapes very short, bearing clusters of buds within a spathe. These buds break from their short pedicels, and rise to the surface, where they open, and shed their pollen among the fertile flowers, which are raised to the surface on long filiform scapes. These latter subsequently coil up spirally, drawing the fertilized flowers under water to mature their fruit, which is berry-like, cylindrical, and elongated, and filled with numerous oblong seeds. The plant is common in culti- vation in aquariums, its rapid growth aiding to aërate the 3. A man of courage; a brave man. [Rare.] vallata ), a valley, vale, val , a vale, vallis , valliculate (va-lik'ū-lāt), a. valles , a vale: see valel . The Rom. forms were prob. confused with ML. vallata , f., also vallatum , n., a ditch, a place surrounded by a ditch, vallatus , pp. of vallare , surround with a rampart or intrenchment: see vallate .] 1. A depre ion, or a relatively low and somewhat level area, more or le completely inclosed by hills or mountains; the basin of a stream of any size, or the area drained by it, and, in ac- cordance with more general usage, the part of that area which lies near the stream and is not much raised above its level. The surface of a mountainous region is made up of hills (or mountains) and valleys; but over those great expanses of country where uniformity of level is the dominant feature the term valley gives way to some other designation more specific in its character: thus, in English, heath , prairie , savanna, plain, desert ; in Spanish-speaking countries, сатро , ратрa , llano, páramo ; in the Ru ian empire, steppe, tundra ; in South Africa, veldt , etc. All the tracts thus designated lie within the basins of certain rivers, and thus technically form parts of the valleys of those rivers, but convenience demands and justifies the special desig- nation. So, on the other hand, in mountainous countries, or even in those in which the surface is only moderately broken, the valleys have their forms characterized by terms suited to expre the great variety of features which they exhibit: thus, in English, dale , dell, dingle, cove, comb , gully , ravine, gorge , defile , chasm , and many others; in French, combe , cluse , cirque , etc.; in Spanish, cañada (changed to cañon in the western United States), barranca , quebrada, etc.; and so through all the various languages and countries. The forms of valleys are so numerous, and their existence dependent on such complicated and varied conditions, that a satisfactory cla ification of them is not po ible. The simplest division of them, from the oro- graphic point of view, is into longitudinal and transverse: the former are parallel with the mountain-ranges to which they belong; the latter, or le nearly at right an- water. In streams flowing into Chesapeake Bay, where it grows in great ma es, it is known as water - celery or wild celery , and is said to be a favorite food of the canvasback duck and of the terrapin, and to impart to them their peculiar flavor. In Australia it is locally known as spring- plant. The square or oblong cells of its delicate flat leaves often exhibit to a remarkable degree the phenomenon of cyclosis, or active movement of protoplasm, the current of protoplasm carrying all the cell-contents, including the chlorophyl-grains and nucleus, in continual rotation around the cell, close to the inside of its wall. It is therefore much used for laboratory demonstration. See cut under diœcio us . 2. [ l . c.] A plant of this genus. Vallisneriaceæ (val-is-ne-ri-8 Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 11. Of small valure , O lady fair, alas, my name it is! Peele , Sir Clyomon and Sir Clamydes. Valure wins applause That dares but to maintain the weaker cause. B. Jonson, The Barriers. = Syn. 1. Courage, gallantry. See brave. valorous (val'or-us), a . [ valeureux = It. valoroso , valorosus , valorous, valor , strength, valor: see valor .] 1. Having or dis- playing valor; brave; courageous; valiant; in- trepid: as, a valorous knight. The knight, yet wroth full for his late disgrace, Fiercely advaunst his valorous right arme. Full well they know the valorous heat that runs In every pulse-beat of their loyal sons. name of the order Hydro char ideæ . Vallisnerieæ (valis-ne-ri'ē-ē), n. pl . [NL. (Endlicher, 1836), Vallisneria + -ex .] A tribe of plants, of the order Hydro char ideæ , charac- 3t. Having value; valuable. terized by very short, sometimes stolon i fer- ous stems, growing immersed in fresh water, producing crowded se ile elongated leaves and peduncled spathes. It consists of 3 monotypic genera, Vallisneria being the type. Vallota (va-lō'tä), n. [NL. (Herbert, 1821), said to have been named after Vallot , a French botanist (beginning of 17th century).] A ge- nus of plants, of the order Amaryllid aceæ and tribe Amarylleæ . It is characterized by a broadly fun- nel-shaped perianth with short tube usually involucrate with three bracts, furnished with a small callus between contiguous lobes, and by numerous ovules in two vertical rows in each cell, ripening into winged seeds. The only species, V. purpure a , is a native of South Africa. It is a bulbous plant with thong-like leaves and a stout scape bearing an umbel of numerous large scarlet flowers, erect and nearly or quite se ile. It is cultivated under the vallum (val'um), n.; pl. valla (-a). [L., a ram- part: see walll .] 1. A rampart; a palisaded rampart; a line of intrenchment; specifically, Part of the Roman Wall near Carrow, in the north of England. a a , ramparts; bb, ditches or fo es; w , wall. the rampart with which the Romans inclosed their camps. It consisted e entially of two parts, the agger , or mound of earth, and the sudes , or palisades, that were driven into the ground to secure and strengthen it. 2. In an at ., the super cilium or eyebrow. Valois head-dre . A style of dre ing wo- men's hair in fashion about 1850, the hair being drawn back from the forehead, and form- ing a roll on the crown of the head. valonia (va-lō'ni-ä), n. βάλανος , an acorn, an oak.] The commercial name for the acorn-cups of the valonia-oak, quantities from Asia Minor and Greece for use which are imported into Great Britain in large in tanning, dyeing, and making ink. They are of large size, and yield from 25 to 40 per cent. of tannin. Leather tanned with this material has a rich bloom, and is little permeable by water. valonia-oak (vā-lō'ni-ä-ōk), n. An oak, Quer- cus Ægilops , of Greece and the Levant. It is a handsome tree, 30 or 40 feet high, nearly evergreen, with large prickly cupped acorns. The cups form valonia, and the immature acorns camata. The wood is useful, par- ticularly for cabinet-making. valor, valour (val'or), n. [Early mod. E. also valure ; valour , valour , valur , later valeur , strength, valor, value, F. valeur = Sp. Pg. valor = It. valore , valor , strength, valor, LL. value, worth, valere , be strong, be worth: see valiant .] 1. Strength of mind in IMG:content-1680.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors] Val para i so oak. See live - oak . Valsa (val'sä), n. [NL. (Fries).] A genus of sphæriaceous fungi, having the perithecia immersed in the cortex of the host, and eight- spored or rarely four-spored asci, which are se ile without paraphyses. V. Prunastri oc- curs on the branches of the apricot. Valsalvan (val-sal'van), a. [ Valsalva (see def.) + -an.] Of or pertaining to the Italian anatomist Valsalva (1666-1723). - Valsalvan ex- periment, the forcing of air into the middle ear by a for- cible expiration while the mouth and nose are closed.- Valsalvan ligament, a fibrous band running from the pinna of the ear to the temporal bone. - Valsalvan method, an attempt to obtain coagulation in an aneurism by reducing the force of the circulation by blood-letting, purgation, and a low diet. - Valsalvan sinus. See sinus of Valsalva , under sinus . valuable (val'ū-a-bl), a . and n . [Early mod. E. also valiable ; altered, to suit value (as if direct- ly value + -able ), valable , of force or value, valuable, valoir , be of force or value: see value .] I. a. 1. Capable of being valued; capable of having the value measured or est i- mated. Hakluyt's Voyages , III. 466. Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 4. 49. They [the Switzers] found there great spoyles that the Duke left behind, to the valew of three Millions. Coryat , Crudities, I. 42. By the price of a thing, therefore, we shall henceforth understand its value in money; by the value , or exchange value of a thing, its general power of purchasing, the com- mand which its po e ion gives over purchase able com- modities in general. J. S. Mill , Pol. Econ., III. i. § 2. The word value , so far as it can be correctly used, merely expre es the circumstance of its [a commodity's] exchanging in a certain ratio for some other substance. Jevons, Pol. Econ., iv. 5. Import; precise signification: as, the value of a word or phrase.-6. In music , the relative length or duration of a tone signified by a note: as, a half-note has the value of two quarter- notes, or four sixteenth-notes; to give a note its full value .-7. In painting and the allied arts, relation of one object, part, or atmospheric plane of a picture to the others, with refer- ence to light and shade, the idea of hue being abstracted. Thus, a picture in which the values are correct is one in which the distribution and interdepen- dence of the light and dark parts correspond to nature, and particularly preserve the correct rendering of dif- ferent distances from the observer; while a detail in a picture which is out of value is one which is too light or too dark in tone for the atmospheric plane which it should occupy, or for the proper rendering of its relations to other objects in the same plane. It strikes us that the figure of the young preacher stand- ing erect in the lofty pulpit has le value and atmospheric envelopment than it should po e in relation to the rest of the composition. The Academy, No. 890, p. 365. With all our knowledge of to-day, the values of this land- scape could not be better expre ed; the composition is most natural and original, and were it not for the lack of truth in the values of the figures, and for the intense piety of the sentiment, it might have been painted yesterday. Scribner's Mag., IV. 717. 2. To consider with respect to value, worth, or importance; rate, whether high or low; re- gard. The king must take it ill, That he's so slightly valu'd in his me enger. Shak., Lear, ii. 2. 153. Any, but God alone, to value right The good before him. Milton , P. L., iv. 202. 3. Specifically, to rate high; have in high es- teem; set much by; prize; appreciate; re- gar gard; hold in respect or estimation; reflex- ively, to pride (one's self). Value the judicious, and let not mere acquests in minor parts of learning gain thy pre-exist i mat i on. Sir T. Browne , Christ. Mor., ii. 4. These gentlemen value themselves upon being critics in rust, and will undertake to tell you the different ages of it by its colour. Add is on, Ancient Medals, i. I valued myself upon being a strict monogamist. Goldsmith, Vicar, ii. The queen is valued thirty you sand strong. Shak., 3 Hen. VI., v. 3. 14. 5. To take account of; take into account; hence, to care for; consider as important. If a man be in sickne or pain, the time will seem longer without a clock, . for the mind doth value every mo- ment. Bacon, Colours of Good and Evil, v. I want 'em [maps], and I don't value the price, but I would have the most exact. John Tipper , in Ellis's Lit. Letters, p. 315. 61. To raise to estimation; cause to have value, either real or apparent. value (val'ū), n. [Early mod. E. also valew ; value , value (= It. valuta ), worth, value, value , fem. of valu , pp. of valoir , valere , be strong, be worth: see valiant , valor.] 1. Worth; the property or properties of a thing in virtue of which it is useful or es- timable, or the degree in which such a charac- ter is po e ed; utility; importance; excel- 8. In math ., the special determination of a financially sound. lence: applied to both persons and things. To loyal hearts the value of all gifts Must vary as the giver's. quantity. Quantities in mathematics are identified by their general definitions, as satisfying certain conditions, and are variable, or otherwise indeterminate. A complete- ly determinate quantity, or, more precisely, the quantity of a completely determinate quantum, is a value. Value is distinguished from magnitude in that the latter refers only to a modulus, or numerical measure, neglecting in some measure distinctions of kind, while two quantities which are not equal have not the same value, though they may have the same magnitude. 9. In biol ., grade or rank in cla ification; Tennyson, Lance lot and Elaine. valence: as, a group having the value of a fam- Dryden, To the Duke of Ormond, Ded. of Fables. Cæsar is well acquainted with your virtues, And therefore sets this value on your life. ily.- Annual value. See annual . - Form value, in biol ., morphic valence; that grade of structural simplicity or complexity which any organism presents, or represents as compared with another: as, an ovum and an amœba have alike the form value of the simple cell; any sea-ur- chin has the form value of echinoderms. Good value, full value or worth in exchange: as, to get good value for one's money. Local, market, minimum, multiple, par, principal value. See the qualifying words.-Sur- plus value. See the quotation. The fundamental principle of the Marx school and of the whole cognate socialism is the theory of surplus value , the doctrine, namely, that, after the labourer has been paid the wage nece ary for the subsistence of himself and family, the surplus produce of his labour is appropriated by the capitalist who exploits it. Surrender value. See surrender , 2. - Terminal value. See terminal.- Value in exchange, exchange value, and exchangeable value, phrases often used to dist in- guish value in the economic sense (see def. 3) from its more general meaning of 'utility.' The things which have the greatest value in use have frequently little or no value in exchange ; and, on the con- trary, those which have the greatest value in exchange have frequently little or no value in use. Adam Smith , Wealth of Nations, i. 4. value of money. See money . Value received, a phrase used especially to indicate that a promi ory note has been made, or a bill of exchange has been accepted, for a valuable consideration, and not by way of accom- modation. Syn. 1-4. Worth, Cost, etc. (see price ), In- come , Revenue , Profit , etc. See income . value (val'u), v . t .; pret. and pp. valued , ppr. valuing . [ value , n.] 1. To estimate the value or worth of; specifically, to rate at a certain price; appraise: as, to value lands or goods. This is the brief of money, plate, and jewels I am po e 'd of; 'tis exactly valued . 8t. To be worth; be equal in worth to; be an equivalent of. The peace between the French and us not values The cost that did conclude it. valuele (val'u-les), a . [ value + -le .] Des- titute of value; having no worth; worthle . Shak ., K. John, iii. 1. 101. valuele ne (val'ū-les-nes), n . The charac- ter of being valuele ; worthle ne . valuer (val'u-er), n. [ value + -er1.] One who values, in any sense. valuret, n. valuroust, a. An obsolete variant of valorous . valva (val'vä), n.; pl. valvæ (-vē). [NL., valva , the leaf of a door.] 1. In an at . and zoöl . , a valve or valvula.-2. In entom . , the maxilla of a bee, which in repose folds against the tongue. See cut under Hymenoptera . Kirby . -Valva bicuspis, the bicuspid valve of the heart, now called mitral valve. See valve . - Valva tri cuspis, the tricuspid valve of the heart. See tricuspid . valval (val'val), a . [ valva + -al.] In bot ., of or pertaining to a valve: specifically noting that view or position of a diatom in which one of the valves of the frustule is next the ob- server, as opposed to zonal , in which the line of union of the two valves is nearest. The position is also spoken of as valve - view . valvate provided with valves; valviferous; valvated: as, valvate ve els; a valvate orifice.-2. In bot., united by the margins only, and opening as if by doors or valves, as the capsules of regularly dehiscent fruits, the anthers of certain Ericaceæ, and the parts of a perianth which in the bud meet without overlapping: said also of an estivation thus characterized.